MODULE 3: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

Overview
The Internet is often referred to as an information superhighway that provides access to a vast
amount of information over the web. It can be defined in many ways; primarily, it is a
worldwide global system of interconnected computer networks.

Objectives
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

 Explore current breakthrough technologies and disruptive innovations that have

emerged in recent years.
 Identify and analyze various emerging technologies.
 Explore the evolution of the Internet.
 Understand the different uses of the Internet in today’s generation.
 Discuss fundamental terms and definitions used in the Internet.

Lesson 1: The Web

The World Wide Web consists of information organized into web pages that contain text and
graphic images. It represents a vast collection of interconnected documents or content that
features hypertext links leading to related information. A collection of linked web pages sharing
a common theme is called a website. The main page of a website, where all other pages link
back to, is referred to as the site’s home page. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, known as Tim BL,
is an English engineer and computer scientist credited as the inventor of the World Wide Web.
He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a professor at
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

A. Web 1.0 (Read-Only Static Web)

Web 1.0 represents the early stage of the internet, primarily allowing users to read information.
It was characterized by static web pages that functioned as “information portals” using tables
for layout.

 Mainly read-only content.

 Focused on company homepages.
 Divided the web into usable directories.
 Aimed to “put content together.”
Examples of Web 1.0:

 Mp3.com
 Home Pages
 Directories
 Page Views
 HTML/Portals

Disadvantages:

 Limited user interaction.

 Lack of standards.

B. Web 2.0 (Read-Write Interactive Web)

Web 2.0 describes a new generation of web services and applications emphasizing human
collaboration and user-generated content.

 Users control their data and interact with pages (dynamic pages).
 Focuses on collaboration and sharing via social media, blogging, and online
communities.

Examples of Web 2.0:

1. Social Networking: Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram allow
users to connect.
2. Blogs: Informal websites consisting of diary-style entries (e.g., WordPress, Blogger).
3. Wikis: Collaborative hypertext publications (e.g., Wikipedia, Wikibooks).
4. Video Sharing Sites: Platforms for uploading and sharing videos (e.g., YouTube, Vimeo).

Key Features of Web 2.0:

 Folksonomy: Users categorize information using tags.

 Rich User Interface: Dynamic content responsive to user input.
 User Participation: Everyone can contribute content.
 Long Tail: Services are offered on demand rather than as one-time purchases.

C. Web 3.0 (Read-Write Intelligent Web)

Web 3.0, a term suggested by John Markoff, represents the next generation of the web, with
enhanced features that promote connectivity and intelligence.

 Incorporates technologies like natural language processing, machine learning, and

autonomous agents.
  Introduces the Semantic Web, enabling data sharing and reuse tailored to user needs.

Types of Websites:

1. E-Commerce Websites: Allow users to purchase products online.

2. Business Websites: Represent specific businesses and their offerings.
3. Entertainment Websites: Offer content primarily for entertainment.
4. Portfolio Websites: Showcase past work examples.
5. Media Websites: Collect news stories and reporting.
6. Brochure Websites: Simple sites providing basic business information.
7. Nonprofit Websites: Provide information and facilitate donations.
8. Educational Websites: Offer educational materials or information about institutions.
9. Infopreneur Websites: Sell information products like courses and eBooks.
10. Personal Websites: Share personal thoughts and experiences.
11. Web Portals: Aggregate information for specific user needs.
12. Wiki or Community Forum Websites: Allow collaboration on content (e.g., Wikipedia).

Lesson 2: The Internet

The Internet, often referred to as the “net,” is the largest computer network in the world,
connecting billions of users. The term "internet" comes from a combination of
“interconnection” and “network.” A network is a collection of computers and devices
connected via communication channels, allowing resource sharing. Generally, the Internet is
not owned by anyone.

A. Brief History of the Internet

 ARPA: The Advanced Research Projects Agency began an experimental computer

network on January 2, 1969.
 The term "internet" was coined in 1982.
 The first "free net" was created at Case Western Reserve University in 1986.
 In 1991, the US government allowed business agencies to connect, making the Internet
accessible to everyone.

Notable Figures: Vinton Gray Cerf, recognized as one of the "fathers of the Internet," shares
this title with Bob Kahn, co-developer of TCP/IP.

B. Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers: Computer programs providing services to users.

o Types of Servers:
  Application Server
 Web Server
 Proxy Server
 Mail Server
 File Server
 Policy Server
2. IP Address (Internet Protocol): A numerical label assigned to each device, providing
identity.
3. Browser: An application that allows users to access information on the web (e.g.,
Google Chrome, Safari).
4. Domain Name System (DNS): The “phonebook” of the internet, translating domain
names into IP addresses (e.g., www.facebook.com).
5. Internet Service Provider (ISP): An organization that provides access to the internet.
o Types of ISP:
 National ISP
 Regional ISP (e.g., Sky Broadband, PLDT)

C. Uses of the Internet

 Searching for information

 Schoolwork, jobs, and home purposes
 Sending and receiving emails
 Video teleconferencing
 Buying and selling products
 Social networking
 Watching and posting videos
 Online gaming
 Taking college courses
 Monitoring homes while away
 Financial transactions
 Downloading music and movies

D. Internet Terms and Definitions

 Internet: A global network of thousands of interconnected networks.

 Web: A collection of billions of web pages accessible via a browser.
 Email: A common method for sending and receiving messages online.
 Social Media: Platforms allowing users to share content and interact.
 Online Gaming: Games played over the Internet.
 Software Updates: Downloads for operating system and application updates.
 HTML: The coding language used to create web pages.
 URL: A web address for accessing resources on the web.
 Bit: A single digit in the binary numbering system.
 Byte: Generally consists of eight bits.
 Upload: Transferring data from your computer to another.
 Download: Transferring data from another computer to yours.
 HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the standard for web pages.
 HTTPS: A secure version of HTTP.
 Router: A device managing network signals from your ISP.
 Encryption: Scrambling data to protect it from unauthorized access.
 Web Bot: Programs performing repetitive functions on the Internet.
 Search Engine: Software allowing users to search for information online (e.g., Google,
Yahoo).
Examination: The Web and the Internet

Instructions: Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Write your answers clearly in the
spaces provided.

Part A: Multiple Choice (1 point each)

1. Who is credited with inventing the World Wide Web?

a) Vinton Cerf
b) Tim Berners-Lee
c) Bob Kahn
d) John Markoff

2. Which of the following best describes Web 1.0?

a) User-generated content and interaction

b) A static web with read-only content
c) Dynamic, collaborative platforms
d) Intelligent web utilizing machine learning

3. The term "Internet" is a combination of which two words?

a) Interconnection and network

b) Information and network
c) Interlink and web
d) International and connectivity

4. What is a primary characteristic of Web 2.0?

a) Read-only pages
b) User-generated content and collaboration
c) Use of tables for layout
d) Limited interaction

5. Which type of website primarily allows users to purchase products online?

a) Educational Websites
b) E-Commerce Websites
c) Portfolio Websites
d) Media Websites
Part B: True or False (1 point each)

6. The Internet is owned and managed by a single organization.

True | False
7. Web 3.0 is often referred to as the "Read-Write Static Web."
True | False
8. A domain name system (DNS) translates IP addresses into human-readable domain
names.
True | False
9. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is responsible for managing the content of websites.
True | False
10. Social media platforms are designed for sharing content and interaction among users.
True | False

Part C: Short answer (2 points each)

11. Briefly explain the difference between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0.
12. Name and describe two major components of the Internet.
13. List three uses of the Internet in today’s generation.
14. What is the purpose of encryption on the Internet?
15. Describe the role of a web browser.

Part D: Essay Question (5 points)

16. Discuss the evolution of the Internet from Web 1.0 to Web 3.0. Include key characteristics of
each stage and their impact on user interaction and content creation.

Here are the key answers:

Part A: Multiple Choice

1. b) Tim Berners-Lee
2. b) A static web with read-only content
3. a) Interconnection and network
4. b) User-generated content and collaboration
5. b) E-Commerce Websites

Part B: True or False 6. False 7. False 8. True 9. False 10. True