The Internet and the Web

Discovering the Interconnectivity

Do you know what's in the picture? What's the possible reason why it
was built like that?
INTERNET
- Is said to be as the information superhighway
- Gateway to the world, moving ideas and
information across national borders.
The Internet or “net”
(network of network)
is the largest computer
network in the world
that connects billions
of computer user.

The word comes from

"interconnection" and
"network"
• The Internet is an
infrastructure of
networks that allows
transmission and
communication of
resources shared
globally.
The ARPAnet,
the precursor of
the Internet

• After WW2, the

world is in arms race
that started cold wars
with superpower
countries and
threatens the global
stability and peace.
The ARPAnet, the precursor
of the Internet

Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider – an

American Psychologist and Physicist
introduce a concept of "Intergalactic
Computer Network" in 1960s where he
"imagined as an electronic commons
open to all, ‘the main and essential
medium of informational interaction
for governments, institutions,
corporations, and individuals.'"
The ARPAnet, the
precursor of the Internet
Paul Baran – an American – Jewish
Engineer who helped conceptualize
a solution with the US Dept. Of
Defense in case of a nuclear strike.
He introduces the idea "On
Distributed Communication
Networks" where communication
networks should be implemented
across US Government entities that is
usable even after the first strike. He
then introduces Packet Switching
System
What is a Packet Switch?
It is the transfer of small pieces of data across various networks.
These data chunks or “packets” allow for faster, more efficient
data transfer. Often, when a user sends a file across a network,
it gets transferred in smaller data packets, not in one piece.
Advanced
Research Project
Agency Network

The ARPAnet serves as the

connection for all US
government agencies as
well as universities and
research entities. It uses
Baran's Packet Switching
System for communication
The Fathers of the
Internet
Vinton Grey Cerf and Bob
Kahn – Invented the
Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol that
replaces packet switching
system in ARPAnet network.
And the rest is history.
Major Components of
Internet
 Servers
– is a computer
program that
provides service
to another
computer
program and it’s
user.
2. Internet Protocol (IP)
Address
- is a numerical label assigned
to each device. This provides
identity to a network device.

3. Browser
- is an application program
that provides a way to look
information on the web
4. Domain Name Server
(DNS)
- is the phonebook of the
internet. Every domain name is
unique across the internet that
will serve as the identity of web
resources

5. Internet Service Provider

(ISP)
- is an organization that provides
services for accessing, using or
participating in the internet.
• Uses of Internet

• Look for information

• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies
Some important terms used in the internet
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL) - a complete web
address of the resources folder of a certain webpage or
site.

• HyperText Markup Language (HTML) - a coding

language used in a webpage. It could hold API's, JScript
and other programming language to add interactivity on
webpages.

• HyperText Transport Protocol / Secure (HTTP/HTTPS) -

is a transport protocol used by website to move resources
to the clients computers. Currently, websites used HTTPS as
an added security feature during security handshake
(TCP/IP) by encrypting messages or resources sent
between computers.
Some important terms used in the internet
• Web Bot – a special program use for a specific task
usually takes on repetitive job in automation without
human intervention.

• Captcha – is a program that counters malicious bots by

generating a test that humans can pass while program
such as bots cannot. This has become a another layer of
security before you can enter a website.

• Malicious software (malware) - a program or software

made with malicious intent to harm or take whatever
information beneficial to the creator.
The World Wide Web
World Wide Web

also known as the web,

WWW or W3 -- refers to
all the public websites or
pages that users can
access on their local
computers and other
devices through
the internet.
World Wide Web

These pages and

documents are
interconnected by means
of hyperlinks that users
click on for information.
This information can be in
different formats,
including text, images,
audio and video.
Who is the brightest
mind behind the
WWW?

Tim Berners-Lee – A
British Physicist of Geneva
based CERN – a European
Organization of Nuclear
Research – together with
his colleagues.
In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee
made the transport
protocol (http) as well as
HTML (program
language for website to
display correctly using a
browser). He also
invented the first browser,
Mosaic.
Berners-Lee committed to
make the world wide web
free as he sent the code to
the world free from
royalties and fees because
he believed it's the only
way it could thrive.
 However, years have passed, the
world wide web have been the
avenue for various malicious acts that
disgusted Tim Berners-Lee and
vouched to correct it.
The Web 1.0 (Static Web)

Earliest version of web to which

pages are for reading only with
limited interactivity.
• Static Pages
• Limited Interactivity
• Content-Driven
• Centralized Hosting
• Use of GIFs and Basic Text
The Web 1.0 (Static Web)

Advantages
• Simplicity
• Stability
• Low Bandwidth Requirements

Disadvantages
• Limited Interaction:
• No User-Generated Content
• Lack of Personalization
The Web 2.0 (Social Web)

More dynamic and interactive

web, allowing users to engage
and contribute content.
- Interactivity
- User-Generated Content
- Rich User Experiences
- Social Networking
The Web 2.0 (Social Web)

Advantages
• User Participation
• Community Building
• Dynamic Content
• Improved Collaboration

Disadvantages
• Privacy Concerns
• Monopolization by Big Tech
• Misinformation and Cyberbullying
• Data Monetization
The Web 3.0 (Semantic
Web)

Is a vision of the future internet

that emphasizes data-driven,
decentralized, and intelligent
web technologies.
• Decentralization
• Semantic Web
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Interoperability
• Tokenized Economy
The Web 3.0 (Semantic Web)
Advantages
• User Control of Data
• Personalization and Intelligence
• Security and Privacy
• Trustless Systems

Disadvantages
• Complexity
• Scalability Issues
• Energy Consumption
• Regulation and Legal Issues
How the data travels in the
internet?
When data travels across the internet, it moves through a
series of steps involving several technologies, devices, and
protocols.
Stages when data travels the internet

1. Data is Broken Down into Packets

•Data Segmentation: Before transmission, data is broken into smaller units

called packets.
•Headers and Footers: Each packet contains a "header" with information such
as the destination IP address, the source IP address, and packet sequence
numbers, so the data can be reassembled correctly on arrival.
2. Packet Travels Through the Local Network

•Device to Router: When you send data (like an email or request for a
webpage), it first goes to your router, the device responsible for directing
data between your home network and the internet.

•Router to ISP: The router sends the data packets to your Internet Service
Provider (ISP), which is the company providing your internet connection
(e.g., Comcast, Verizon). The ISP acts as the gateway to the internet.
• 3. Routing Across the Internet

• Router Hops: The packets now enter the global network of routers.
Routers are special computers that determine the best path for each
packet to travel across the internet.
• Internet Backbone: These routers are part of the "internet
backbone," a series of high-speed data lines that connect different
ISPs and data centers around the world.
• 4. Crossing Different Networks (via Protocols)

• IP Address: The Internet Protocol (IP) is used to identify each device on the
internet. Your data is sent using IP addresses, allowing routers to direct it to the
correct destination.
• TCP/IP Protocol: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) works alongside IP to
ensure that the packets are transmitted reliably.
• Domain Name System (DNS): The DNS translates human-readable domain
names (like www.google.com) into IP addresses, which routers use to send data to
the right place.
5. Packet Reaches the Destination

• Final Router: After traversing multiple routers and networks, the

data reaches the router closest to the destination (for instance, the
server hosting a website).
• Server Communication: The final router directs the packets to the
target server,
6. Data Returns to the User

•Return Packets: If you're requesting information, like loading a

website, the server sends data back to you, following the same process
in reverse: data is broken down into packets, sent through the internet,
and reassembled on your device.
•Error Checking and Acknowledgment: The receiving device checks
to ensure all packets have arrived and can request missing ones if
needed.
Thank you