SOURCE CODE

#include <iostream>

#include <GL/glut.h>

#include <cmath>

#include <cstdlib> // For rand()

#include <ctime> // For time()

#include <string> // For string manipulation

float ballX = 0.0f; // Ball's X position

float ballY = 0.0f; // Ball's Y position

float ballRadius = 20.0f; // Ball radius

float ballSpeedX = 2.0f; // Ball speed in X direction

float ballSpeedY = 2.0f; // Ball speed in Y direction

float rectX = 0.0f; // Rectangle's X position

const float rectWidth = 100.0f; // Width of the rectangle

const float rectHeight = 20.0f; // Height of the rectangle

const float moveSpeed = 30.0f; // Speed of rectangle movement

int score = 0; // Player's score

// Function to set a random direction for the ball

void setRandomBallDirection() {

ballSpeedX = (rand() % 2 == 0 ? 2.0f : -2.0f) * (1 + (rand() % 3)); // Random speed and direction

ballSpeedY = (rand() % 2 == 0 ? 2.0f : -2.0f) * (1 + (rand() % 3)); // Random speed and direction

// Initialization function

void myInit() {
 glClearColor(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0); // Set background color to white

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

glLoadIdentity();

gluOrtho2D(-600.0, 600.0, -340.0, 340.0); // Set up the coordinate system

// Function to draw the score

void drawScore() {

glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // Set text color to black

glRasterPos2f(-580.0f, 300.0f); // Position for the score

std::string scoreText = "Score: " + std::to_string(score);

for (char c : scoreText) {

glutBitmapCharacter(GLUT_BITMAP_HELVETICA_18, c); // Draw each character

// Keyboard function to handle user input

void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y) {

switch (key) {

case 'a': // Move left

rectX -= moveSpeed;

if (rectX < -600 + rectWidth / 2) rectX = -600 + rectWidth / 2; // Keep inside left wall

break;

case 'd': // Move right

rectX += moveSpeed;

if (rectX > 600 - rectWidth / 2) rectX = 600 - rectWidth / 2; // Keep inside right wall

break;

}
 glutPostRedisplay(); // Request to redraw

// Timer function for updating the ball's position

void update(int value) {

ballX += ballSpeedX;

ballY += ballSpeedY;

// Check for wall collisions

if (ballX + ballRadius >= 600 || ballX - ballRadius <= -600) {

ballSpeedX = -ballSpeedX; // Reverse direction

if (ballY + ballRadius >= 340) {

ballSpeedY = -ballSpeedY; // Reverse direction

// Check if the ball is caught by the rectangle

if (ballY - ballRadius <= -300 && ballX >= rectX - rectWidth / 2 && ballX <= rectX + rectWidth / 2) {

score++;

std::cout << "Score: " << score << std::endl;

ballX = 0.0f; // Reset ball position

ballY = 0.0f;

setRandomBallDirection(); // Set random direction and speed for the ball

// Check for ground collision

if (ballY - ballRadius <= -340) {

std::cout << "Game Over! Final Score: " << score << std::endl;
 exit(0); // End the game

glutPostRedisplay(); // Request to redraw

glutTimerFunc(16, update, 0); // Call update again after a short delay

// Display function

void myDisplay() {

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear the screen

// Draw the ball

glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);

glVertex2f(ballX, ballY);

for (int i = 0; i <= 20; i++) {

float angle = 2.0f * 3.14159f * float(i) / float(20); // Circle

float x = ballRadius * cosf(angle);

float y = ballRadius * sinf(angle);

glVertex2f(ballX + x, ballY + y);

glEnd();

// Draw the rectangle

glBegin(GL_QUADS);

glVertex2f(rectX - rectWidth / 2, -300 - rectHeight / 2);

glVertex2f(rectX + rectWidth / 2, -300 - rectHeight / 2);

glVertex2f(rectX + rectWidth / 2, -300 + rectHeight / 2);

glEnd();

drawScore(); // Draw the score

glutSwapBuffers(); // Swap the buffers

// Main function

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(time(0))); // Seed for random number generation

glutInit(&argc, argv);

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);

glutInitWindowSize(1100, 600); // Set window size

glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100); // Set window position

glutCreateWindow("Catch the Ball Game"); // Create window

glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard); // Register keyboard function

myInit(); // Call initialization

glutDisplayFunc(myDisplay); // Register display function

glutTimerFunc(0, update, 0); // Start the timer

glutMainLoop(); // Enter the GLUT event loop

return 0;