Inter Globe Aviation Ltd

A-320
PERFORMANCE HAND-BOOK
FOR PILOTS
 FOREWORD

This Hand-Book has been designed to be a help / guide to the Line Pilots for calculation of
various parameters before a Flight as well as during a Flight. An effort has been made to
include all calculations that may be required for the conduct of a Flight. Yet it is possible
that some examples may not have been included .

Also extensive references have been made to various manuals and Training material of
AIRBUS. While being grateful to them it is reiterated that as and when any “Revisions”
are issued, changes in data or procedures may become inevitable. Therefore, this
HAND-BOOK should only be used as Training Material. Please note that REVISIONS
upto and including REV-44 have been taken into account in this Hand Book.

All Pilots using this Hand-Book are urged to forward any suggestions or corrections that
will improve this Hand-Book to <Flt Ops Portal>.

Sarv Mitra
Perf Instructor
Ground School, IndiGo.
 -1-

S.No Subject Page

1 GENERAL
4
a) Flight Preparation 3.03.02 P1-2

.
2 WEIGHT, FUEL & PAY LOAD PROBLEMS
a) Calculation of Pay Load with known Fuel.
Example -1. 6
Example -2. 6
Example -3. 7
(With Fuel Tankering)
b) Calculation of Range with known Pay Load.
Example -4. 7
Example -5. 7
c) Load & Fuel Chit ( Ref C-NOTAM-91 ) 8

3 TAKE OFF PERFORMANCE

a) Take Off Charts (RTOW Charts ) Description.
Refer FCOM ……... 2.02.10 P-5
Refer FCOM ……... 2.02.16 P-5

b) Calculation of MTOW; Opt Config and V Speeds using RTOW Charts.

(i) Dry / Wet R/W Conditions. GRAD I/ GRAD II Case 9
(ii) Contaminated R/W Conditions 10
(iii) Using QRT’s with Obstacle Correction. 11

c) Calculation of Flex Temp; Opt Config and V Speeds using RTOW

Charts.
(i) Dry / Wet R/W Conditions. 12
d) Calculation of Flex Temp; Opt Config and V Speeds using QRT’s. 13

e) Take Off Perf under MEL

(i) Calculation of MTOW for dispatch under MEL 14
(ii) Calculation of MTOW under MEL 15
( Failure after Despatch / Taxi Out )
4 LANDING PERFORMANCE
a) Calculation of Vapp & ALD: Manual Landing Without Autobrakes. 16
b) Calculation of Vapp & ALD: Manual Landing With Autobrakes. 17
c) Calculation of Vapp & ALD: Manual Landing Without Autobrakes. 18
R/W Contaminated.
d) Calculation of Vapp & ALD: Without Autobrakes - 19
ABNORMAL PROCEDURE
SINGLE FAILURE
e) Calculation of Vapp & ALD: Without Autobrakes - 20
ABNORMAL PROCEDURE
MULTIPLE FAILURE (Ex-1)
(PRIMARY FAILURES)
f) Calculation of Vapp & ALD: Without Autobrakes - 21
ABNORMAL PROCEDURE
MULTIPLE FAILURE (Ex-2)
(SECONDARY FAILURES)
g) Calculation of Vapp & ALD: (AUTO LAND WITH AUTOBRAKES ) 22

h) Calculation of RLD: WITHOUT AUTOBRAKES: 23

CONTAMINATED RUNWAY

i) Go Around / Approach Climb Limit Wt. 3.05.35 P 1-7 24

QRH 2.25

5 SELECTION OF FLT LVLS & WIND ALT TRADE

a) Calculation of Opt Alt. 25
b) Calculation of Opt FLT LVL 25
c) Calculation of Opt Alt for a Short Flight / Stage Length 25
d) Calculation of Most Economic / Best Flt Lvl (Wind Alt Trade) 25

6 CONVERSION of GROUND DIST to AIR DIST 26

7 FLIGHT PLANNING
a) Detailed Flight Planning ( Steps Only ) 27
b) Quick Determination of Flight Plan (Steps Only ) 27
c) Quick Determination of Flight Plan (EXAMPLE-1) 28
d) Quick Determination of Flight Plan (In-Flight Diversion) 30

8 IN-FLIGHT PERFORMAMCE
a) Thrust Calculations. 31
b) Climb Data Calculations. 31
c) Cruise Data Calculations. 31
d) Descent Data Calculations. 32
e) Emergency Descent Calculations. 32
f) In Cruise Quick Check ( Normal Operations ). 32
g) Hold ( Normal Operations). 33
h) Calculation of EPR & Fuel Flow – In Hold. 33
9 SINGLE ENGINE OPERATIONS
a) Selection of DIVERSION STRATEGY 3.05.10 P1-2
b) Calculation of Gross Ceiling –LR Speed / GD Speed. 33
c) Calculation of Net Ceiling – GD Speed. 34
d) Descent to Gross Ceiling – LR. 34
e) Descent to Gross Ceiling – GD Speed. 35
f) In Cruise Quick Check at LR Speed. 35
g) Calculation of EPR & Fuel Flow for HOLD ( at GD Speed ). 35
h) Calculation of Data for Descent to Land. 36

10 PRACTICE QUESTIONS 37
38

11 TEMPLATE for Calculation of Vapp & ALD for 39

40
Single and Multiple Failures
 -4-

FLIGHT PREPARATION
TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE AIRCRAFT

The crew will verify the technical state of the aircraft (deferred defect list), with regard to airworthiness,
acceptability of malfunctions (MEL), and influence on the flight plan.

WEATHER BRIEFING

The crew will get a weather briefing.

The briefing should include :

- Actual and expected weather conditions, including runway conditions for takeoff and climb-out.
- Significant weather enroute, including winds and temperatures.
- Terminal forecasts for destination and alternate airports.
- Actual weather for destination and alternates, for short range flights and recent past weather ,
if available
- Survey of the meteorological conditions at airports along the planned route.

Weather can affect the choice of routing (for example, influence which route is quickest) and the choice of flight
level. The flight crew must also consider the possibility of runways being contaminated at the departure and
destination airfields. The flight crew must also verify ISA deviations and enroute icing conditions, and must
consider the possibility of holding due to weather at the destination.

NOTAMS

The flight crew must examine NOTAMs for changes to routings, unserviceable navaids, availability of runways
and approach aids etc, all of which may affect the final fuel requirement.
In order to prevent the risks of projection of debris towards the trimmable horizontal stabilizer and the elevators,
it is not recommended to takeoff from runways in bad condition (loose surface, under repair, covered with
debris….).

FLIGHT PLAN AND OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

The crew will check the company flight plan for routing, altitudes, and flight time.
The Captain will check the ATC flight plan and ensure that it:
- Is filled in and filed, in accordance with the prescribed procedures,
- It agrees with the fuel flight plan routing.
The crew will check the estimated load figures, and will calculate the maximum allowable
takeoff and landing weights.
 -5-

OPTIMUM FLIGHT LEVEL

The flight crew should choose a flight level that is as close to the optimum as possible. To obtain the optimum
flight level, use the chart in the QRH (QRH 4.09) or in the FCOM (Refer to FCOM 2.05.20 P-2) As a general rule, an
altitude that is 4000 feet below the optimum produces a significant penalty (approximately 5% of fuel). Flight
8000 feet below the optimum altitude produces a penalty of more than 10% against trip fuel. (The usual
contingency allowance is 5%).

FUEL REQUIREMENTS

COMPUTERIZED FLIGHT PLAN CHECK

In most cases the flight crew uses a computer-derived flight plan to obtain the correct fuel requirements.
Although these computerized requirements are normally accurate, the flight crew must check them for gross
errors.
The easiest way to do this is to use the “Quick Determination of F-PLN” tables in FCOM 2.05.40. Although the
aircraft will fly at ECON MACH that is based on the cost index, the 0.78 Mach table is accurate enough to permit
the crew to check for gross error.

Ensure that both the captain and the first officer have verified that the fuel calculation and required fuel
on board are correct and that the figure complies with the applicable regulations.

FUEL TRANSPORTATION
The flight crew MUST check the policy covering the “tankering” of fuel on sectors where there is a favourable
fuel price differential or operational requirement.

Remember that carrying unnecessary extra fuel increases the fuel consumption for that sector and therefore
reduces the economy of the operation (lower flex temperature, more tyre and brake wear, more time in climb
phase, lower optimum flight level etc).

REFER 3. 03. 02 P 1-2

- “SHALL”, “ WILL”, “ MUST” or an action verb in the imperative sense means that the application of
the rule or procedure or provision is mandatory.

REFER OPS MANUAL Page A-0-2

 -6-

WT/FUEL/PAYLOAD/RANGE Calculations
Q.1. Calculate max payload possible if FOB is 11.0 tons including Burn-off fuel of 6.5 tons. Assume B.O.W. as 42.5 t.

Ans. Total fuel = 11.0 tons

(-) Burn-off fuel = - 6.5 tons
Reserve fuel = 4.5 tons

MZW MTOW MLW

61.0 t 73.5 t 64.5 t
(-) BOW - 42.5 t - 42.5 t - 42.5 t
Balance = Fuel + Pay Load 18.5 t 31.0 t 22.0 t
(-) Burn of Fuel ---- - 6.5 t ----
(-)Reserve Fuel ---- - 4.5 t - 4.5 t
PAY LOAD 18.5 t 20.0 t 17.5 t

Most restrictive of the above ie 17.5 tons is the Max Possible Payload.

Note: 1. In such a case, revised T/O Wt will be 71.0 t

ie BOW +Total Fuel +Max Pay Load.
2. If Pay Load exceeds 17.5 tons, MLW will be exceeded.

Q.2. Calculate max Payload when :- MTOW is 69.2 tons MLW is 64.5 tons MZFW is 61.0 tons
and total FOB is 9.5 tons including a reserve of 3.9 tons. Assume B.O.W. as 42.5 t.

Ans:
Total fuel = 9.5 tons
(-) Reserve Fuel = - 3.9 tons
Burn off Fuel = 5.6 tons
MZFW MTOW MLW
61.0 t 69.2 t 64.5 t
(-) BOW -42.5 t -42.5 t -42.5 t
Balance= Fuel+ Pay Load 18.5 t 26.7 t 22.0 t
(-) Fuel (Burn off) ---- -5.6 t ----
(-) Fuel (Reserve) ---- -3.9 t -3.9 t
PAY LOAD 18.5 t 17.2 t 18.1 t

Most restrictive of the above ie 17.2 tons is the Max Possible Payload.

Note: There will be no change in MTOW in such a case.

MTOW; MLW; MZFW in respect of a/c MS No. 4552 have been changed.

3.01.20-P1
 -7-
Q.3. What will be the effect on Payload if 2.5 tons of additional fuel has to be carried for
FUEL TANKERING for the data given in Q.2 ?
Ans.

MZFW MTOW MLW

61.0 t 69.2 t 64.5 t
(-) BOW -42.5 t -42.5 t -42.5 t
Balance= Fuel + Pay Load 18.5 t 26.7 t 22.0 t
(-)Burn off Fuel ---- -5.6 t ----
(-)Reserve Fuel ---- -3.9 t -3.9 t
(-) Fuel Tankering ---- -2.5 t -2.5 t
PAY LOAD 18.5 t 14.7 t 15.6 t

Most Restrictive of the above ie 14.7 tons is the Max Possible Payload.

Q.4. How much payload can be carried in A 320 with Full Fuel ?
And what will be the max range (approx) with the Full Fuel ?
Ans:

MZFW MTOW MLW

61.0 t 73.5 t 64.5 t
(-) BOW 42.5 t -42.5 t -42.5 t
Balance= Fuel + Pay Load 18.5 t 31.0 t 22.0 t
(-) Full Fuel ---- -18.7 t ----
PAY LOAD 18.5 t 12.3 t 22.0 t

1. Max Pay Load Possible is 12.3 tons with Full Fuel and MTOW of 73.5 tons..

2. Max dist (including dist to Terminal Alternate) with 18.7 tons Fuel =
2900nm appx (at FL 350 & ISA+15 conditions) 2.05.40 P7

Q.5. Calculate max fuel that can be carried in A- 320 with max payload. Also calculate max range (approx)
under the above condition.
Ans.

MZFW MTOW MLW

61.0 t 73.5 t 64.5 t
(-) BOW - 42.5 t - 42.5 t -42.5 t
Balance= Fuel + Pay Load 18.5 t 31.0 t 22.0 t
*’(-) max payload -18.5 t -18.5 t -18.5 t
Max Fuel Possible ---- 12.5 t 3.5 t
*’ Zero Fuel Wt Limitation.

1. Max fuel possible to carry with 18.5 t payload = 12.5 tons.

2. Max range (all inclusive ) With 12.5 tons Fuel = 2150 nm
(at FL 350 & ISA +15 conditions)
2.05.40 P7
MTOW; MLW; MZFW in respect of a/c MS No. 4552 have been changed.

3.01.20-P1
 -8-

As Per C-NOTAM 91

/77000 (MSN 4552)

 -9-
Calculation of MTOW from RTOW CHARTS (GRAD I/GRAD II CASE)
Q. Calculate MTOW for T/O from Nagpur (VANP) R/W 32. Data available:

RTOW Chart VANP R/W 32 S/W 10 KHW QNH 1005 hPa

0
AC…ON (for Trg purpose only) OAT +32 C R/W Wet
Eng AI… off

Ans.

Conf 1+F Conf 3

0 0
40 C 78.1 t 158/158/159 41 C 78.2 t 152/152/155
o
Tref 43 c ..Grad I corr. Grad I Corr.
o o
40-32 =8 C x70=560 Kg +.560 Kg 41-32=9 C x70=630Kg +.630 Kg
Grad II Corr….Nil Nil Grad II Corr.…Nil Nil
78.66 t 158/158/159 78.83 t 152/152/155
Corr for Ac On 2.02.24P1 -1.8 t -1.8 t
Intermediate Wt. 76.86 t 156/157/158 77.03 t 151/152/155
(Revised speeds) (Revised speeds)
Form RTOW Chart Form RTOW Chart
Corr for R/W Wet -1.5t -9/ 0 / 0 - 0.6 t -5 /-2 /-2
OAT ≤ Tvmc
Corr line 1 & 2
Corr for QNH (-10h pa) - 0.6t 0/ 0 / -1 -0.9 t 0 / 0 / -1
OAT ≤ Tvmc
Corr line 1 & 2
74.76t 147/157/157K 75.53t 146/150/152K

SELECT CONF 1+F Perf Ltd T/o Wt 74.76 t V Speeds 147/157/157 K.

SAFETY CHECKS :- 1. Restrict MTOW to 73.5 t since Perf Ltd T/O wt is > 73.5 t.
Revised V speeds 145/149/151 K.
MTOW 73.5 + CORRs for R/W Wet & QNH = 75.6 t.
Speeds for 75.6 t = 154/155/157 – Corrs for R/W Wet & QNH
and final speeds = 145/155/156 K

2. Check V speeds are ≥ min speeds (114/119/122 K) ……..OK

3. Check V2 is ≥ VMU (PA 1247; Wt 73.5t; VMU 138 K ) ..….OK
2.02.25 P-5

NOTES :- A. When different Configs give equivalent performance, select Lower Config.
B. Company mandates all Take Offs with AC OFF. In this case AC is given “ON” for
Trg purpose only.
C. Pay special attention to calculation of V speeds for the MTOW for Safety Check-1 above.
D. MTOW in respect of a/c MSN 4552 stands enhanced to 77000 kgs
3.01.20 P-1
 -10-

Calculation of MTOW from RTOW CHARTS : (RUNWAY CONTAMINATED)

Q. Calculate MTOW for T/O from Delhi R/W 10. Data available:

RTOW Chart Delhi R/W 10 QNH 1000 hPa S/W CALM TORA 3810 m
0
OAT + 35 C AC Off AI Off R/W contaminated with 5mm Stdg Water S

Ans.

Conf 1 + F Conf 3
0 0
32 C 78.0 t 3.5 t x3 35 C 78.0 t
0
49 C 74.5 t 17
0
35 C 77.4 t = .6 t
Corr for QNH (-15 hPa) -.75 t -.6 t
(OAT ≤ Tvmc/ Corr line 1 + 2)
76.65 t 77.4 t

Corr for Cont R/W -7.7 t -11.0 t

Wt Decrement, R/W 3810 m (against R/W Length 3500m) (against R/W Length 3500m)
No clear way. Upto 6.3 mm stdg 2.04.10 P-5
water
Corrected Wt 68.95 t 66.4 t
MTOW (Same as CCTD Wt) 68.95 t 66.4 t
V Speeds for MTOW 132/150/152K 124/141/146K
(Revised speeds fm 2.04.10 P-5) (Revised Speeds fm 2.04.10 P-5)

SELECT CONF 1 + F. MTOW 68.95 T V1Vr V2 = 132/150/152 K.

SAFETY CHECKS :- 1. Check MTOW is with in structural limitations. ……….OK

2. V Speeds are ≥ min speeds (114/119/120K). ……….OK
3. V2 ≥ Vmu (PA 1109; Wt 68.95t; Vmu 138 K). ……….OK
 -11-

Calculation of MTOW Using QRT’s

Q. Calculate MTOW ; OPT Config and V speeds for T/O from the QRT’s. (For an airfield whose RTOW Chart
is not available). Data available:-
0
R/W length 2068m R/W Slope --.49% OAT + 40 C S/W 09 KHW
AC & AI OFF R/W DRY Elev 632’ QNH 1001 hPa ( PA 1000’)
Clear way N/A Most significant obstacle -------- 200 Ft at 3400 mtrs.
Ans.

Step 1 Obtain Effective length of R/W 2 . 02 . 40 P2

R/W length available  2068 m
Corr for 9 KHW. Add 8 x 9-  +72 m
Corr for -.49% slope. Add (29x.49)  +14.2 m
Line up Corr.  - 30 m
2124.2 m
Effective Length of R/W (SAY) 2124 m

Step 2 Obtain T/O Data from QRT’s 2.02.40 P4-13

2.02.50 P2-7
Conf 1+ F Conf 2 Conf 3
R/W 2000m PA 1000’
0
OAT + 40 C N/Available 70.3 t 131/137/141K 72.6 t 129/133/137K
AC/AI/RW Cond. CORRs N/A N/A N/A
QNH CORR already allowed ----- ----- ------- ----- -------
Obstacle Penalty N/A -3.5 t -3 -3 -3 -3.5 t -3 -3 -3
MTOW N/A 66.8 t 128/134/138K 69.1 126/130/134K

SELECT CONF 3 MTOW 69.1 t V speeds 126/130/134 K

SAFETY CHECKS :- 1. Check MTOW is within structural limits. ……….OK

2. Check V speeds are ≥ min Values (113/117/122) ……..OK 2.02.25 P1
3. V2 ≥ Vmu (PA 1000’; Wt 69.1t; Vmu 134 K) ……….OK 2.02.25 P4

Note :- 1.Do not use QRTs in case of tail wind and for PA above 2000 ft.
 -12-

Calculation of FLEX TEMP from RTOW CHARTS

Q. Calculate FLEX temp ; Opt Config and V speeds for Take Off from Imphal. Data Available :-

0
QNH 1008hPa OAT + 27 C R/W Wet RTOW Chart VEIM R/W 22 available
ATOW 68.1 t S/W Calm A I Off AC ”ON” (For Trg purpose only)

Ans.

Conf 1 + F Conf 3
0 0 0
68.5 t 50.0 C 143/143/147K 2 x .4t =.7 C
1.1t
0
67.4 t 52.0 C 143/143/146K
0 0
68.1 t 50.0 C 146/146/148K 68.1 t 50.7 C 143/143/147K
0 0
CORR for AC ‘ON’ -3 C No speed corr -3 C No speed corr
2 . 02 .24 P1
0 0
CORR for R/W Wet -4 C -16/-2/-2 -3 C -14/-3/-3
(FLEX ≤ TVMC
Corr line 1 + 2)
0 0
CORR for QNH (-5hPa) -1 C No speed corr -1 C No speed corr
(FLEX ≤ TVMC
Corr line 1 + 2 )
CORR for AI (OFF) Nil Nil
0 0
42 C 130/144/146K 43 C 129/140/144K

0
SELECT CONFIG 1 + F; Flex 42 C; V speeds 130/144/146K (Op Notice 4 B, page 4
refers)
0
SAFETY CHECKS 1. Check FLEX temp > OAT (+27 C) ……….OK
0
> TREF (+38 C) ……….OK
2. V Speeds ≥ min speeds (112/118/121K) ……….OK
3. V2 ≥ Vmu (PA =2659’ VMU 133 K) ……….OK 2.02.25
P4

NOTE :-
0
1. If Flex advantage of 4 C or more is available only then use higher Config. [Op Notice 4B refers].
2 For Flex Take Off, no speed corrections are to be made except for WET R/W Conditions.
3 When Vmu > V2 --- Use Take Off data for either a higher Wt or a higher Config to keep Vmu≤V2.
Last resort use TOGA power for Take Off and Speeds for Max Take Off Wt OR Speeds for Actual
Take Off Wt if they are all lower. [2.02.14 P – 4 and AIRBUS CLARIFICATIONS refer]
4 Company mandates all take offs with AC OFF. Here AC “ON” is given for Trg purpose only.
5 1 Kt difference can be observed between V2 from RTOW Charts & Vmu derived from FCOM
due to different softwares.
6. Vmu Check is required in the event of a correction applied to RTOW Chart Speeds.
 -13-

Calculation of FLEX TEMP from QRT’s

Q. Calculate Flex Temp ; Opt Config and V speeds for take off from an airfield ( whose RTOW Chart
is not available) with the help of QRT’s. Data available:-
R/W length available ------2448 mtrs. R/W Slope .46% S/W 5KHW
Elev 729’ QNH 1005hPa ATOW 67.3 t Clearway N/A
0
OAT + 37 C No obstacles on T/o Path AC/AI off R/W Dry.

Ans. *PA = 729’ +(1013-1005)x30=729’+240’ = 969’ Say…1000’

Step 1. Obtain corrected R/W length. 2. 02. 40 P-2

R/W length available = 2448 m

CORR for 5KHW. + (8.5 x 5) = + 42.5 m
CORR for Slope. –(.46 x 380) = -174.8 m
Line up CORR = - 30 m
CORRECTED R/W LENGTH = 2285.7 MTRS Say….2285 m

Step 2. Obtain Take Off Data from QRT’s 2 .02.40 P4 – 13

Conf 1 + F Conf 2 Conf 3

0 0 0
ATOW 67.3t PA 1000 53 C 138/142/144K 59 C 133/135/138K 59 C 132/135/138K
R/W 2250m
AC/AI ‘OFF’ R/W Dry CORRs NIL CORRs NIL CORRs NIL
QNH Correction - Already accounted for in PA (table reference).
0
Select Conf 2. Flex temp + 59 C Speeds 133/135/138K (As per Company mendate).
0
SAFETY CHECKS : 1. Check Flex is > OAT (+37 C). ………OK
0
> Tref (+46 C). ………OK
2. Check speeds are ≥ min speeds (113/117/122K) ……….OK 2 .02 . 25 P1
3. Check V2 is ≥ Vmu (PA 1000’; ATOW 67.3; VMU 132K) ………OK 2 .02 . 25 P4

NOTE : 1. The determination of Flex Temp is possible only when there is no obstacle on the take off
flight path. 2. 02. 40 P1.
2. Although FCOM states select higher config for same Flex temp, the company mendates
Lower Config / higher speeds in such a case.
3. Line up corr of 30 m must not be forgotten. In case of RTOW Charts, it is already taken
into account.
-
 -14-

TAKE-OFF PERF UNDER MEL

Calculation of MTOW for Despatch under MEL

Q. Calculate MTOW for dispatching an aircraft with following data :-

o
Dep DELHI R/W 27. Winds Calm; OAT +43 C; QNH 1003 hPa; R/W DAMP;
ATOW…68.4 tons; MEL Despatch with BRAKE-1 INOP.

Ans. As per the MEL, the aircraft can be dispatched if 1 out of 4 main-wheel brakes is INOP (except for
Narrow R/W operations) after applying Flight Manual PERF PENALTIES in addition to other
technical requirements being met. MEL Page 01-32 P-8 Refers.

Flight Manual PERF PENALTY- Decrement in MTOW & V Speeds is given at ………… MEL 02-32 P- 7 & 8
Step – 1. Calculate Perf Ltd MTOW for Dry R/W and Calm Winds :-

Config 1+F Config 3

o o
OAT +43 C…MTOW=78.5t 148/51/53 OAT +43 C…MTOW=78.78t 146/46/50 (Grad I Case)
Corr for QNH (-15 hPa) - 0.7 -1/-1/-1 …………………………. - 0.7 -1/0/0
=77.80 147/150/152 ………………………. =78.08 145/146/150
Wt Penalty MEL 02-32 P8 - 9.60 t -15/-10/-10 - 6.80 t -19/-12/-12
MTOW with MEL….. =68.20 132/140/142 ……………………… = 71.28 126/134/138

T/O with 68.4 tons possible. Perform T/O with Full Thrust ( TOGA ). Use Config 3.
# Speeds determined without failures and associated with the ATOW may be retained if they are
all lower than those calculated by the method above ( for the MTOW after decrements).
( Refer note on MEL 02-32 P-7 detailed below).
Speeds for 68.4 tons ATOW in Config 3 = 143/143/147 K……. (After applicable corrs) ( Without Failures).

MEL 02.32 P-7 vide Note states :-“ If actual TOW is lower than the MTOW calculated using
above method, the speeds determined without failure and associated with the actual TOW
may be retained provided they are all lower than the speeds calculated using above method.”
Since in the case above, the speeds determined with 68.4 tons wt. without
failures are all NOT lower, therefore retain speeds as determined with the
MEL-MTOW i.e. 126/134/138 K. (For ATOW 68.4 t ).

Safety Checks :- 1. Check ATOW is below MEL limited MTOW. ………………………...OK

2. Check speeds are ≥ min speeds (114/119/122). ……………...OK
3. Check V2 is ≥ Vmu ( PA 1200’; ATOW 68.4t Vmu 144K )……….OK 2 .02 . 25 P2
Note :- In addition to the penalty on TOW, increase Landing Distance by 25%. MEL 02-32 P-8
-15-
 -15-

Calculation of MTOW under MEL ( Failure after Despatch / Taxi Out)

Q. Calculate MTOW for dispatching an aircraft with following data :-

o
Dep DELHI R/W 27. Winds Calm; OAT +43 C; QNH 1003 hPa; R/W DAMP;
ATOW…68.4 tons; SPOILER – 3 Fault after Taxi Out.

Ans :- . As per the MEL, the Take Off is permissible with One Pair of Spoilers 1 or 3 ‘INOP’ if Flight Manual
PERFORMANCE PENALTIES are applied and other technical conditions are met. MEL 01-27 P-7
* Apply following decrements to Perf Ltd MTOW & Speeds.
* Weight Decrement 800 Kgs (both Configs )
* Decrease V1 by 1K, Vr & V2 no change MEL 02-27 P-5

Step – 1. Calculate Perf Ltd MTOW for Dry R/W and Calm Winds ( Same as previous Example):-

Config 1+F Config 3

o o
OAT +43 C…MTOW=78.5t 148/151/153 OAT +43 C…MTOW=78.78t 146/146/150 (Grad I Case)
Corr for QNH (-10 hPa) -0.7 -1/-1/-1 …………………………. -0.7 -1/0/0
=77.8 147/150/152 ………………………. =78.08 145/146/150
Step - 2
Wt Penalty MEL 02-27 P-5 -0.8 t -1/0/0 - 0.8 t -1/0/0

MTOW with MEL….. =77.0 146/150/152 …………………… = 77.28 144/146/150

Note 1. # ATOW is 68.4 tons. Take Off is permitted with TOGA Thrust.
# Optimum Config is Config-1 & Speeds for ATOW 68.4 tons (Without Failure) are
146/146/148 as interpolated from RTOW Chart.
# These speeds be retained as they are all equal to/lower than MEL MTOW speeds
146/ 150/152K.
MEL 02-27 P-5
# Check for min speeds & V2 ≥ Vmu ( For retained speeds i. e. 146/146/148K).

2. # With spoiler 3 Fault, the ALD increases by 10%. Hence compare the revised ALD with LDA.
MEL 02-27 P-5
 -16-

Calculation of Vapp and ALD : MANUAL LANDING & NO AUTO BRAKES

(Normal Operations)

Q. Calculate Vapp and ALD for following data (Normal operations):-

Conf 3 Gross Wt 62 tons Autobrakes N/A

Elev 2142’ QNH 998 hPa S/W 5KTW
R/W wet Reversers ‘OP’ C of G within limits
A/THR ‘ON’

Ans A Vapp.
VLS Conf 3; LW 62 tons = 135K
( Corr… max of 5K or 1/3 HW. Since A/THR is “ON” use 5kts)
Therefore Vapp = (135+5) = 140K

B ALD Step 1 PA = 2142’ +(1013 – 998) 30

= 2142’ + 450’ = 2592’
= 2600’

Step 2 Conf 3, Gr Wt 62 tons, R/W Wet, ALD = 1260 m

Corr for PA +(4% x 2.6) ie + 10.4% = x 1.104
Corr for 5 KTW +(21% X .5) ie +10.5% = x 1.105
Corr for C of G (Normal) = Nil
Corr for Reversers ‘OP’ -(12%) = x 0.88
Corr for A/THR ‘ON’ (5Kts Speed Increment)= x 1.08
Safety margin for Line Operations ( X 1.15 ) = X 1.15
CORRECTED ALD = (1260x 1.104 x 1.105 x 0.88 x 1.08 x 1.15)m
= 1679.98m QRH 4 . 02
= 1680 m 2. 03. 10 P4

Notes :- 1. For Any INFLIGHT FAILURES, refer solved examples on subsequent pages.
2. For Config full Refer Pages … QRH 4. 03 or FCOM 2 . 03 . 10 P-3 .
The procedure remains unchanged.
 -17-

Calculation of Vapp and ALD : MANNUAL LANDING WITH AUTOBRAKES

(Normal operations)

Q. Calculate Vapp and ALD for the following data (Normal Operations):-

a). Mannual Landing with AUTOBREAKS

b). Conf Full Gross Wt 62 tons S/W 6 KTW
Elev 1968’ QNH 998hPa C of G Normal
Reversers ‘OP’ Autobrakes - Medium R/W Wet
A/THR ‘ON’ No Failures

Ans. A Vapp VLS Conf Full; 62 tons; Vapp =132 K

App Corr ( max of 5K or 1/3 HW)
Since A/THR is ‘ON’ and S/W are 5 KTW --- USE 5K Corr
Vapp = VLS + App Corr = 132 + 5 = 137 K QRH 4 . 00 A

B ALD 62 tons; Conf Full ; R/W Wet; ALD = 1206 m

(Auto brakes – medium)
Corr for PA + (4% x 2.4) i.e + 9.6% = x 1.096
Corr for Reversers ‘OP’ =0
Corr for 6 KTW +(20 x .6) ie + 12% = x 1.12
Corr for C of G (Normal) = NIL
Corr for A/THR ‘ON (speeds 5Kts higher) = x 1.08
Safety margin for Line Operations ( X 1.15 ) = X 1.15
CORRECTED ALD = (1206 x 1.096 x 1.12 x 1.08 x 1.15)m
= 1838.64 m
= 1839 m 2 .03. 20 P-2

NOTES :- 1. For INFLIGHT FAILURES: Refer solved examples on subsequent pages.

 -18-

Calculation of Vapp and ALD : MANNUAL LANDING & NO AUTOBRAKES

(R/W Contaminated)

Q. Calculate Vapp & ALD without AUTOBRAKES for the following data:-
Conf Full Elev 2142’ QNH 998 hPa
S/W 7 KTW Reversers ‘OP’ C of G…With- in- limits
Gross Wt 64 tons R/W contaminated with 5 mm stdg water.
Auto THR ‘ON’ No Failures

Ans. A. Vapp Vapp = VLS + App Corr

64 tons, Conf Full , = 134 K QRH 4. 00A
Corr 5 K (A/THR ‘ON’) Or 1/3 HW = +5K
Vapp = 139 K

B. ALD Step I PA =2142’ + (1013 – 998) x 30’

=2142’ +(15 x 30)’ = 2592’ = 2600’

2 .03. 10 P3
QRH 4. 03
Step II Conf Full ; Gr Wt 64 t ; R/W Cont (6.3mm stdg water) ALD = 1580 M
Corr for PA +(4%x 2.6) or + 10.4% = x 1.104
Corr for 7 KTW +(22 x .7) or +15.4% = x 1.154
Corr for C of G = NIL
Corr for Reverser ‘OP’ ( - 14%) = x 0.86
Corr for A/THR ‘ON ‘ ( 5 Kts Speed Increment) = x 1.08
Safety margin for Line Operations ( X 1.15 ) = X 1.15
CORRECTED ALD = 1580 x 1.104 x 1.154 x 0.86 x 1.08 x 1.15
= 2150.06 m
= 2151 m
 -19-

Calculation of VAPP and ALD : NO AUTO BRAKES : ABNORMAL PROCEDURE

Q. Calculated Vapp and ALD without auto brakes with following data:-
A/THR ‘ON’ Elev 2142’ QNH 998 hPa
S/W 7KHW Reversers ‘OP’ C of G Normal
Gr Wt 64 t R/W Contaminated with 5 mm of Stdg Water
Inflight Failures :- HYD (G + B) Lo Pr.

Ans. A. Vapp Vapp = Vref + ∆ Vref + App Corr (Abnormal Procedures)

Vref (64 tons; C of G normal) = 134 K QRH 2.31
∆ Vref Hyd (G+ B) Lo Pr; R/W Contaminated = 25 K (Landing config 3) QRH 2.37
App. Corr ………………………….. = 0K QRH 2.31
Vapp = (134 + 25 + 0) K = 159 K.

B. ALD Step I PA = 2142’ + (1013-998) x 30

= 2142’ + 450’ = 2592’ = 2600’

Step II Conf Full; Gr.Wt 64t; Runway Cont; ALD = 1580 m

Corr for PA +(4% x 2.6) i.e +10.4% = x 1.104
Corr for 7 KHW = NIL
Corr for C of G (Normal) = Nil
Landing Dist Factor for In-flight Failure
Hyd (G+B) Lo Pr; Runway Cont; Rev OP = x 1.90
Addl Factor ( A/THR ‘ON’ ) = x 1.10
Safety margin for Line Operations ( X 1.15 ) = X 1.15
CORRECTED ALD = 1580 x 1.104 x 1.90 x 1,10 x 1.15 = 4192.44 m QRH 4 .03
= 4193 mtrs QRH 2. 37
2.03.10 P-3

Note : Vapp 1. Vref of Conf Full + ∆ Vref for Conf 3 becomes suitable as Vapp Conf 3 since ∆ Vref takes
necessary corrections into account.

ALD 2. Correction of Rev ‘OP’ from QRH 4.03 is NOT required since QRH 2. 32 – 2. 37 gives
Landing Dist Factors separately for both conditions of Reversers.

3. For Vapp and ALD for multiple failures, refer solved examples on subsequent pages.
 -20-

Calculation of Vapp & ALD (Multiple Failures – Inflight ): Example 1

Q. Calculate Vapp and ALD (Inflight with multiple failures) with the following data :-
Gross Landing Wt 62 t Elev 1870’ QNH 1009 hPa
C of G -- Normal Reversers “INOP “ S/W 10 KHW
A/THR - ‘ON’ R/W Wet
Inflight Failures :- (1) Alternate Law (2) Anti Skid U/S

Ans. STEP-1.
Complete following Table:- QRH 2.38 A
QRH 2.34/ 2.35

FAILURES FLAP POSN FOR ∆ VREF APP SPEED Addl Factor LDG DIST FACTOR
LANDING CORR
ALTN LAW 3 10 K 5 K or 1.35*
FULL ----- 1/3 X10 KHW 1.1 1.30
ANTI SKID U/S 3 6K 1.40
RESULT 3 10 K 5K 1.1 1.1x1.35x1.40

STEP-2. Vapp QRH 2.31

Vapp = Vref + ∆ Vref + App CORR

= 132 K + 10 K + 5K
= 147 K
STEP-3 ALD
Obtain PA PA = Elev + (1013-QNH)X30 = 1870’ +120’ =1990’ Say 2000’
Obtain ALD in Config Full , without Auto-brakes, without Reversers from QRH 4.03 or 2.03.10 P-3
( Also Refer QRH 2.38 A Rev. 43 for procedure).
ALD for 62 tons, R/W Wet, Config Full …………………….= 1150 M
PA Corr. +(4%/1000 ft) ie+ (4X2)% or 8 % ……………….= X1.08
No Corr for 10 KHW …………………….= Nil
No Corr for C of G Normal …………………….= Nil
Reversers and A/THR Corr not to be applied …………..= Nil
Landing Dist Factor for Failures & A/THR ‘ON’………….= X1.1X 1.35 X 1.40
Safety margin for Line Operations ( X 1.15 ) = X 1.15
Corrected ALD = 1150 X 1.08 X 1.1 X 1.35 X 1.40 X 1.15 ……
= 2969.50 M
= 2970 M

Note: 1. Multiply basic ALD with all Landing Dist Factors in case of Primary Failures
(without asterisk mark ) as above. If all Landing Dist Factors are marked by
asterisks (ie Secondary Failures), use the highest Landing Dist Factor only.
Multiply with Additional Landing Dist Factor if applicable.

3. Refer QRH 2.38A and QRH 2.31 for further explanations.

 -21-

Calculation OF Vapp & ALD ( MULTIPLE FAILURES- Inflight): Example 2

Q. Calculate Vapp and ALD (Inflight with Multiple Failures) with the following Data:-
Gross Landing Wt 62t Elev 1870’ QNH 1009 hPa
C of G Normal Reversers ‘INOP’ S/W 10KHW
A/THR ‘ON’ R/W Wet
Inflight Failures:- 1. Flaps stuck between posn 1&2 and slats below posn 1.
2. Dual ADR Fault

Ans. ALD Step I Complete following table. QRH 2.38A

QRH 2.34 /2.35
FAILURES FLAP POSN FOR ∆ VREF APP CORR Addl Landing dist
LANDING Factors Factors
1< Flap <2 3 30 0 ----- 1.75 *
Slats <1
Dual ADR Fault 3 10 1.35*
RESULT 3 30 0 --- 1.75

Step II Vapp Vapp = Vref + ∆ Vref + App Corr QRH 2.31

= 132 K + 30 K + 0
= 162 K
Step III ALD
Obtain PA PA =Elev + (1013-QNH) X 30 = 1870 + 120 =1990’ Say 2000’
Obtain ALD in Config Full, without Auto-brakes, Without Reversers from QRH 4. 03 or 2.03.10 P-3
( Also Ref QRH 2. 38 A Rev 43)

ALD for 62 tons, R/W Wet, Conf Full = 1150 M

PA Corr. + (4%/1000’) ie +(4X2)% = x 1.08
Corr for 10 KHW = Nil
Corr for C of G Normal = Nil
Reversers and A/ THR Corr not applicable = Nil
( since ∆Vref > 10 Kts)
Landing Dist Factor due Failures. ( From the table above) = x 1.75
Safety margin for Line Operations ( X 1.15 ) = X 1.15
Corrected ALD = 1150 x 1.08 x 1.75 x 1.15 = 2505.56 m
= 2506 m
QRH 2.31/2.34/2.35
QRH 2.38 A /4.03

Note: 1. Multiply basic ALD with all Landing Dist Factors in case of Primary Failures
(without asterisk mark ) as above. If all Landing Dist Factors are marked by
asterisks (ie Secondary Failures), use the highest Landing Dist Factor only.
Multiply with Additional Landing Dist Factor if applicable.
3. Refer QRH 2.38A and QRH 2.31 for further explanations.
 -22-

Calculation OF Vapp & ALD ( AUTO LAND with AUTO BRAKES)

Q. Calculate ALD while making an AUTOLAND with AUTOBRAKES with following data:-
a). AUTOLAND with AUTOBRAKES
b). Conf Full Gross Wt 64 tons S/W 5KTW
ELEV 2323 QNH 1001 hPa C of G within limit
Reversers “OP” AUTOBRAKES- MED R/W Wet

Ans STEP I PA = 2323’ + (1013-1001) X30’.

=2323’ + 360’
=2683’ say 2700’

STEP II Enter QRH page 4.04

 64 tons, Conf full, R/W Wet, Autobrakes Medium ALD = 1530m
* Corr for PA 4% x 2.7 (i.e. +10.08 %) = X 1.108
* Corr for Reversers ‘OP’ = Nil
* Corr for 5KTW (+8.5%) = X 1.085
* Corr for C of G = Nil
Safety margin for Line Operations ( X 1.15 ) = X 1.15
Corrected ALD = 1530 m X 1.108 X 1.085 X 1.15 = 2115.23 m
= 2116 m QRH 4.04
2.03.20 P-2

NOTE : Auto Land with Auto brakes –Tables are given only in QRH.
Manual Landing with Auto brakes – Table is given only in FCOM-2.
Other tables are common in QRH as well as FCOM-2.
 -23-

Calculation OF RLD ( without AUTO BRAKES on CONTAMINATED R/W )

Q. Calculate RLD (Contaminated) without AUTOBRAKES for following Data:-

Conf Full Elev 2200’ QNH 998 hPa
S/W: 5 KTW Reversers Considered “INOP’ C of G with-in-limits
Gross landing Wt 64 tons R/W Contaminated with 6mm Stdg water
MANNUAL LANDING (No A/THR)

Ans. A. RLD (Contaminated) = Greater of RLD (Wet) and 115% of ALD Contaminated. 2.03.10 P1

B. RLD Wet = 1.15 x RLD Dry

RLD Wet = 1.15 x1.67xALD Dry

ALD CONTAMINATED

Step I PA = Elev +(1013-QNH) 30

= 2200’ + (1013-998) 30 =2200’+450’ = 2650’

Step II Conf Full/LW 64 t/ R/W/ Cont ALD = 1580 m 2.03.10 P-1

Corr for PA 2650 @ 4%/1000 =(10.6%) = x 1.106 2.03.03 P-3
Corr for 5KTW @ 22%/10k (+11%) = x 1.11
Cor for Cof G (Normal) = Nil
Cor for Rev ‘INOP’ = Nil
Corrected ALD Cont = 1580 x 1.106 x 1.11 = 1939.70 m
Say = 1940 m

ALD DRY

Step I PA = Elev +(1013 – QNH)30 = 2650’ (See above)

Step II Conf Full/LW 64 t/ R/W Dry/ALD/Dry) = 860 m 2.03.10 P-1

Corr for PA 2650’ @ 3%/ 1000’ (+7.95%) = x1.0795 2.03.03 P-3
Corr for 5KTW @ 18% 10k (+9%) = x1.09%
Corr for C of G (Normal) = Nil
Corr for Rev ‘INOP’ = Nil
Corrected ALD Dry = 860 x 1.0795 x 1.09 = 1011.92
Say = 1012 mtrs.

RLD WET

RLD Wet = 1.15x1.67 x ALD Dry

= 1.15x1.67 x 1012m =1944m

RLD Contaminated = Greater of RLD Wet ie 1944m & 1.15 x ALD Contaminated
i.e. 1.15 x 1940 = 2231 m
Ans RLD CONTAMINATED = 2231 mtrs

Note:- FOR INFLIGHT ALD CALCULATIONS -- Add 15 % as safety margin to ALD for Line Operations.
 -24-

GA/Approach Climb limit Wt

Unless operating at high alt airfields (like LEH) in high temp Conditions, App Climb Wt limitation
seldom affects the performance of A- 320. For two Engines Operations, it is never limiting.

Refer FCOM pages 3.05.35 P 1-7 & QRH 2.25

 -25-

Calculation OF OPT ALT / OPT FL / OPT ALT ( Short Stage ) /MOST ECONOMIC FL

Q. Calculate Optimum Altitude (to fly) for a gross Wt of 66 tons at M.78 Speed.

Ans Opt. Altitude 35400’

Apply Bleeds Corr. (for Eng AI/ Total Anti Icing) when applicable. 2.05.20 P1-2
3.05.15 P5-6
QRH 4.09

Q. In the above case what will be the OPTIMUM FLIGHT LEVEL for and a/c which is EAST BOUND.

Ans Optimum Flt Lvl for EAST BOUND A/C FL 350

Q. Calculate Opt Altitude for a short stage length of 150 nm when the landing weight is estimated as 60 tons.

Ans. Optimum Altitude 25200’ 2.05.20 P-3

3.05.15 P-8
Apply Bleeds Corr. (for Eng AI/ Total Anti lcing) when applicable. 3.05.15 P-5

Q. Calculate MOST ECONOMIC/BEST FLIGHT LEVEL to Fly.

Data available Gross Wt 65 tons

Winds at FL 330 + 30 (30KTW)
FL 350 + 10 (10KTW)
FL 370 - 10 (10KHW)

Ans.

A/C Wt. 65 t FL 330 FL 350 FL 370

PERF PENALTY -18 -2.5 -3.5
WIND EFFECT +30 +10 -10
NET EFFECT +12 +7.5 -13.5
**FL 330 is MOST ECONOMIC / BEST FLT LVL

( Despite PERF PENALTY of -18). 3.05.15 P7

 -26-

Conversion of Ground Dist. to Air Dist.

Q. Convert 762 ground n.m. to Air n.m. if the winds are 35 KHW and the a/c is cruising at M.078.

Ans Ground n.m. Air n.m. (with 50 KHW)

500 nm  563 nm
200 nm  225 nm
50 nm  56 nm
10 nm  11 nm
2 nm  2.3nm
762 nm  857 nm
50 KHW Corresponds to a diff of  95 nm ie ( 857-762)
35 KHW will correspond to  95 x 35
50
= 66.5nm
(Say) = 67nm
For 35 KHW 762 G nm  (762+67) A nm.
 829 A nm. 2.05.60 P2-4
3.05.50 P1-4
QRH 4.15

FOR M O.78 Speed, Following formulae can be used to convert Ground dist to Air dist or vice versa.
HEAD WINDS : ANM = GNM (1+.0025 x HWC)
TAIL WINDS : ANM = GNM (1 -.0020 x TWC)
o
HWC / TWC = Wind Speed X Sin ( Rel Wind Dir -90 )
 -27-

Flight Planning.

Q. Enumerate steps for making a DETAILED FLIGHT PLAN.

Ans. Step 1. Calculate Mid Cruise Wt.

2. Obtain “Opt Alt”. Then “Opt FL and finally “BEST/ECONOMIC FL. 2.05.20 P2
3.05.15 P6-7
3 Convert Ground Dist to Air Dist at Selected FL. 2.05.60 P2
3.05.50 P2
4. Obtain ‘CLIMB’ Fuel, Time and Dist. 3.05.10 P1-9
5. Obtain ‘DESCENT’ Fuel, Time and Dist. 3.05.30 P-2
6. Total Air Dist –(Climb Dist + Descent Dist) = Cruise Air Dist.
From Cruise Tables, Obtain Cruise Data (Fuel & Time).
7. Add Climb data + Cruise Data + Descent Data.
Correct for A/c Perf Degradation Factor (TRIP FUEL).
Obtain Route Reserve: (5%) of Trip Fuel or 200 Kgs which-ever is higher. C.NOTAM 23
8. Repeat above steps for Destination to Alternate Flt Plan.
Except - 1. Use short stage FL graph if reqd. 2.05.20 P3
2. No Route Reserve fuel for Alternate.
9. Add Hold Fuel and Extra Fuel as per Company Fuel Policy after correction
for Aircraft Perf degradation factor. C- NOTAM 23

Q. Enumerate steps for making a “QUICK FLT PLAN”

Ans.

STEPS 1. Obtain mid cruise Wt.

2. Obtain Opt Alt  Opt FL  Best/Most Economic FL. 2.05.20 P-2 3.05.15 P6-7
3. Convert Ground Dist to Air Dist at Selected FL & Speed. 2.05.50 P2 3.05.50 P2
4. Obtain Total Fuel & Time from ‘Quick determination of Flt Plan Tables’ after applying
required corrections including A/C Perf Degradation factor. C NOTAM-23 2.05.40 P1-7
5. Repeat above steps for Alternate Flt Plan. 2.05.50 P2-3 2.05.20 P-3
(Use ALTERNATE FLT PLAN TABLES and Opt Alt on Short Stage Graph if reqd.) 3.05.15 P-8
6 Add Hold Fuel (as per CFP) and Extra Fuel after Correction for C NOTAM 23
A/C PERF Degradation factor.
 -28-

Q. Using “Quick Determination of Flt Plan” method, make a Flt Plan for the following Route with Data available:-

Route: Delhi – Mumbai (A-747 /A-474) (Ground Dist 615 nm)

Consider AAE not available –Term Alternate – Goa (Mumbai – MABTA –GOA G Dist 242nm)
T/O Wt 68.5 tons
Route winds – Average 35 KHW (VIDP –VABB)
-- Average 30 KHW (VABB – VAGO)
0
Temp Conditions : 1SA + 10 C
Block Timings 0800 – 1000 IST

Ans. Step 1. Convert Ground Dist to Air Dist. 2.05.60 P-2

3.05.50 P-2

At M.078 Ground Dist Air Dist (50 kHW)

ANM = GNM X (1+ .0025 x HWC) 500 nm 563 A nm
=615 X (1+0.0025 X 35) OR 100 nm 113 A nm
=669nm 15 nm 17 A nm
615 nm = 693 A nm for 50 KHW

For 35 KHW Air Dist = 615 + ( 693 – 615) x 35

50
= 615 + 54.6 = 670 Air nm

Step 2. MID CRUISE Wt Average Climb 150nm & 1.8 tons fuel
Average Descent 100nm & .3 tons fuel (including IMC Proc.)
Average Cruise 5.4 Kgs / nm

Cruise Dist = 670 – (150+100)nm

=420 nm

MID Cruise Wt = T/O Wt - (Climb fuel + ½ Cruise Fuel)

=68.5 – (1.8 + ½ x 420 x 5.4kg)
= 68.5 – 3.0 tons
= 65.5 tons

Also Landing Wt = 65.5 – (1/2 Cruise +Descent Fuel)

= 65.5 – (1.1 + .3)
= 64.1 tons

Step 3. Opt ALT/ Opt FL for 65.5 tons = 35700’ 3.05.15 P.6 – 7
2.05.20 P
OPT FL (West bound) = FL 360
(apply Winds for obtaining Most Economic FLT LVL if reqd.)
 -29-

Step 4. Fuel and Time (Brake Release to landing) 2.05.40 P1- 7

650 nm FL 360 ISA FUEL 3752 kg Time 1:39

675 nm Fl 360 ISA FUEL 3873 kg Time 1:42
670 nm Fl 360 ISA FUEL 3849 kg Time 1:41 Includes
6 mts /120 Kgs for IMC procedure
Corr for Wt (64 -55) x 38 kg +342 kg
Corr for ISA Devn .015 x 10 x 670 +101 kg
4292 kg
Corr for A/C Perf Degradation Factor (Say + 3%) + 129 kg
Trip Fuel 4421 kg 1:35 + 0.06
IMC procedure
Route Reserve 5% of Trip Fuel but not < 200Kg 221 kg

Step 5 Fuel & Time for TERM. ALTERNATE

(Go Around to Landing) 2.05.50 P1 – 3

a) 242 G nm = 263 A nm for 30 KHW (Refer Wind Data )

b) OPT ALT /OPT FL = FL350 (East Bound)
c) Landing Wt. = 64.1 t – 243 x 8 kg = 64.1-2.0 = 62.1 t

263 A nm, FL 350, ISA, Fuel and Time = 1817 Kg Fuel 0.44.5 mts Time

Corr for Wt (62 – 55) x 15 = + 105 Kg

Corr for Temp .015 x 10 x 263 = + 40 Kg

1962 Kg

Corr for A/C Perf Degradation = + 60 Kg

(Say +3%) 2061 Kg 40.5 mts + 4 mts VFR procedure
Step 6 TOTAL FUEL & TIME

Taxi 200 Kg
DELHI – MUMBAI ( Trip Fuel ) 4421 Kg 1: 35 mts +6mts IMC Procedure
Route Reserve 221 Kg
Fuel to ALT (Mum – Goa) 2061 Kg 0: 40.5 mts + 4mts VMC Procedure
(only if diverted)
***HOLD (ACTUAL) 1168 Kg
EXTRA FUEL 1800 Kg
TOTAL FUEL & TIME 9871 Kg 1: 35 mts +6 mts IMC Procedure

***Wt 62 tons at 1500’,210 Kts =1134 Kg + 34 Kg (Temp Corr 3%)

=1168 Kg 3.05.25 P-3
Note:- 1. Taxi Fuel will not be included in T/O Wt.
 -30-

Quick Determination of Flt Plan – Inflight Diversion

Q. On a Flt from Delhi to Mumbai the a/c could not land at Mumbai due to Low Vis and had to Go Around.
If alternate chosen at GA is Vadodra, make a Flt plan for diverting to Vadodra with the following data:-

Route & Dist ………………………..VABB - APANO - VABO ( W-13 N) 197 nm (150 +47) nm
Gross Wt at Go Around ……………………………..64 tons
Route Winds……………………………………………….Average 35 KTW
0
Temp Conditions ………………………………………..ISA + 10 C

Ans. Step 1. Convert G Dist to Air Dist 3.05.50 P-2

200 G nm = 180 A nm (50KTW)

(-) 3 G nm = -2.7 A nm (50KTW)
197 G nm = 177 A nm (50KTW)

For 35 KTW A nm = 197 – (197-177) x 35

50
= 183 A nm

Or For MO.78 (TW Conds) A nm = G nm (1- .0020 TWC)

= 197 (1-.0020 x 35)
= 183 A nm

STEP 2. Obtain Opt FL 2.05.20 P-3

Landing Wt appx. = 62.5 t (64 t – 183 x 8 kg / nm) = 3.05.15 P-
Opt Alt / FL = FL 290

STEP 3. Obtain Fuel & Time 2.05.50 P-3

3.05.40 P-3
Fuel Required ( for 200 A nm) 1510 Kg Time 33+04 mts
For 183 A nm -80 Kg - 02 mts
Corr for wt ( 62.5 – 55) x 11 +83 Kg
0
Corr for Temp Devn ( ISA+ 10 C)
.015 x 10 x 183 +28 Kg Nil
1541 Kg (31+ 04)mts

Note : 1. Fuel figures include 80 kg for Visual approach procedure at terminal alternate VABO.
2. Time 4 mts is for visual app at terminal Alternate VABO.
 -31-
IN-FLIGHT PERFORMANCE

Thrust Calculations

Q. Calculate T/O EPR and N1 for T/O from Srinagar with following data:-
0
P.A. 5000’ OAT +31 C AC ‘ON’

Ans. 3.05.06P-3
0
PA 5000’ OAT 30 C T/O EPR 1.504
0
PA 5000’ OAT 32 C T/O EPR 1.495
0
For OAT 31 C T/o EPR 1.500
Corr for AC ‘ON’ -. 010
T/O EPR = 1.490
3.05.06 P-11
0
PA 5000’ OAT 30 C N1 93.5 %
0
PA 5000’ OAT 32 C N1 93.8 %
0
PA 5000’ OAT 31 C N1 93.65%
Corr for AC ‘ON’ -.400%
T/O N1 = 93.25%
SAY = 93.3 %

Note : N1 values for a/c MSN 4549 are different . Refer 3.05.06 P-11

Climb Data Calculations

Q. Determine Fuel Time and Dist reqd. for Climbing from FL 100 to FL 350 with following Data:-
0
Gross Wt of a/c 70tons. Temp ISA+15 C. AC ‘Low’.

3.05.10 P -9
0
Ans. 70 tons, ISA + 15 C, Climb to FL350 27mts 180 nm 2057 Kg Fuel
(-) Climb to FL 100 - 5mts -19nm -549 Kg Fuel
22mts 161nm 1508 Kg Fuel
Corr for Low AC (-.4% Fuel) - 6 Kg
22mts 205nm 1502 Kg Fuel

Cruise Data Calculations

0
Q. Determine Fuel Flow and Fuel Consumption / nm while cruising at FL 350 in ISA + 10 C conditions with a
gross wt of 66 tons. Assume Eng AI is ‘ON’ and Speed M.78.

Ans. 3.05.15P-11

ISA+10, FL 350, Gross Wt 66 tons Fuel Flow = 1209 Kg/hr/Eng 190.2nm/ton

= 5.26 Kg/nm
Corr for Eng AI ‘ON’ + 3% +37 Kg + .16 Kg/nm
1246 kg/hr/Eng 5.42 Kg/nm.
 -32-

Descent Data Calculations

Q. Determine Time, Fuel and Dist for Descent from FL 350 to 1500’ with IDLE THRUST, Gross Wt at
0
TOD 65 tons, Temp conditions ISA + 15 C and Eng AI ‘ON’:
Ans. 3.05.30 P- 2

Time Fuel Dist

65 tons, FL 350 to 1500 17.5 m 178 Kg 102 nm
Corr for Eng AI ‘ON’ (+4%) (+17%) (+4%)
+0.7 m +30 Kg +4 nm
0
Corr for Temp ISA + 15 C (+4.5%)* (+6%)* (+6%)*
+0.8 m +11 Kg +6 nm
Corr Descent Data 19.0 m 219 Kg 112 nm
* For Temp Corr, See FCOM 3.05.30 P-2

Emergency Descent Calculations

Q. Determine Time, Fuel and Dist for Emergency Descent from FL 370 to FL 140 with Gross Wt 65 tons.

Ans. 3.05.30 P- 3

Wt 65 t, Descent from FL 370 to 1500 ft 6.2 mts 54 Kg Fuel 44 nm

(-) Descent from FL 140 to 1500 ft -2.7 mts -25 Kg Fuel -17 nm
Descent from FL 370 to FL 140 3.5 mts 29 Kg Fuel 27 nm dist
Rate of Descent = 23000’/ 3.5 = 6570’ per mt

In Cruise Quick Check ( Normal Operations )

Q. Calculate Fuel and Time to DESTINATION using “IN CRUISE QUICK CHECK” with following data:-
0 0
Gross Wt 65tons Fl 350 OAT - 39 C (i.e ISA + 16 );
AC Low; Eng AI ‘ON’ Air Distance to go = 450 A nm

Ans. 3.05.20 P- 3

450 A.nm, FL 350 Fuel 2018 kg Time 1:10 (includes IMC

procedure 120 kg & 6 mts)
Corr for Wt (65- 60)x 11 +55 Kg
Corr for Low AC (-0.4%) - 8 Kg
Corr for Eng AI ‘ON’ (+3.0%) +61 Kg
Corr for Temp 0.005 x16 x 450 +36 Kg
2162 Kg 1:04 + 6 mts IMC procedure
Note: For Flt Lvls below 290; Speeds will be LRC. Use LRC tables.
 -33-

Hold
Q. Gross Wt 64 tons. Compare Fuel Flow at FL 180 and 1500’ hold in Race Course pattern for all
hold procedures under normal operations (Twin Engine).

Ans. 3.05.25 P2-5

GD + 20 kts 210 K ( G.D. Speed For 65 tons ) S Speed 170 k

Wt 64 ton 1163 kg 1119 kg 1218 kg 1292 kg

FL 180
Wt 64 tons 1192 kg 1161 kg 1239 kg 1265 kg
1500’

Note: 1. These figures are for ISA temp. For any other specific temp – Corr to Fuel Consumption
should be applied as given on page 3.05.25 P 2- 5 at the bottom of the tables.
2. Similarly Corr for Low AC/Eng AI/ Total AI or straight line hold may be applied as applicable.

Q. Calculate EPR and Fuel Flow while holding in a Race Track pattern with following data:-
Landing Gear - Down Speed - - ‘S’ Gross Wt -- 62 tons
0
PA (hold) - FL50 Temp ISA + 15 C

Ans. 2.04.25 P10

Gross Wt 62 t, FL50, ISA EPR = 1.120 Fuel Flow ………..= 1720 Kg/hr/ Eng.

Total Fuel Flow = 3440 Kg/hr.

Note : Since the temp is ISA + 15, the actual fuel consumption will be higher.
However the Corr for temp in hold with u/c down has not been provided
by the AIRBUS. Normal hold at Pages 3.05.25 P2-5 provides temp Corr.
 -34-

ONE ENGINE IN- OPERATIVE :

DIVERSION STRATEGY Refer Pages 3.05.10 Page 1 – 2 for selection of strategy.

Q. Obtain Single Engine gross ceiling for L R Speed and G D speed. Consider Wt at the time of
Engine failure as 65 tons, Temp ISA +15 and Eng AI “ON”. 3.06.20 P 1.
Ans

LR Speed G.D. Speed

Gross Ceiling Gross Ceiling
Wt 65 tons, ISA + 15 18500’ 21300’
Corr for Eng AI “ON” -4000’ -900’
CEILING 14,500’ 20,400’

Q. Obtain Net Ceiling Altitude at G.D. Speed in the above case. 3.06.20 P1

Ans

Wt 65 tons, Gross Ceiling (ISA +15), at G.D.Speed 21,300’

Corr for Eng AI “ON” -900’
Corr to Gross Ceiling GD Speed, for Net Ceiling. - 3500’
NET CEILING at GD Speed 16,900’

Q. Calculate Time, Fuel and Dist to descend from FL 350 to the LR Gross Ceiling alt (18500) in case of
an Engine Failure. Consider Gross Wt at Engine Failure as 65 tons & Temp ISA + 15. 3.06.30 P3
Ans.

Time (mts) Fuel (Kg) Dist (nm)

For Descent from FL 350 to F100 38.7 1330 259
(-) For Descent from FL 185 to F100 (-) 17.0 (-) 603 (-) 104
21.7 727 155
0
Temp Corr for ISA + 15 C ----- +28 +6
21.7 mts 755 kg 161 nm
 -35-

Q. Calculate Time, Fuel and dist to descend from FL 350 to Green dot drift down Alt in case of an Engine Failure.
0
Consider Gross Wt at Engine Failure as 65 tons and temp ISA + 15 C.
3.06.40 P-5

Ans.

Time (mts) Fuel (kgs) Dist (nm)

65 tons, Descent from FL 350 to 66 mts 2000 kg 353.5 nm
drift down alt of 21750’

Note : No Corr for temp (ISA +15). But if required Corr for Eng AI/ Total AI need to be applied.

Q. Make an “INCRUISE QUICK CHECK” while flying at LR Speed at LR drift down alt of 17500 on single Engine. Data
0
available is:- Gross Wt of a/c 65 tons, Temp ISA + 12 C,
Eng AI ‘ON’ Dist to Alternate /Dest as 400 Air nm
3.06.30 P-13

Ans.

GROSS WT. 65 tons Fuel (Kgs) Time ( mts )

FL 175, Dist 400 Air nm 2323 1:13 ½ +0:06
Corr for Wt, (65-55) x 19 +190
Corr for Temp .015 x12 x 400 +72
2585
Corr for Eng AI “ON” +3% +78
Corr FUEL & Time 2663 Kg 1:13½ + 0:06 mts

Ans Fuel to Landing 2663kg

Time to Dest 1: 13 ½ + 0:06 mts IFR Procedure

Q. Calculate EPR and Fuel Flow in case of Single Engine hold at G.D Speed at 1500’. Other data is;-
0
Gross Wt of a/c 62 tons ; Temp ISA + 17 C ; Eng AI off. 3.06.55 P1

Ans

62 tons, 1500’, ISA, Fuel Flow at G.D.Speed …………2074 Kgs/ hr EPR…1.112

Corr for Temp (+0.3% X17) = 5.1 % ……………106 Kgs/ hr

TOTAL FUEL FLOW …………2180 Kgs/ hr EPR 1.112

 -36-

Q. You are cruising at FL175 with Single Engine with a Gross Wt of 63 tons and Temp ISA + 10. Calculate
Time, Fuel and Dist to Descend to 1500’ ( Descend to Land ).

Ans. 3.06.60 P-1

TIME DIST FUEL THRUST IAS

Descent from FL 175 to 1500’… 10.2 mts 51.5 nm 56 Kgs IDLE 300/250 K

Corr for Temp ( ISA + 10 C) +.3 mts + 3.09 nm +4.2 Kgs

10.5 mts 55 nm 60 Kgs

 -37-

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Calculate ISA temp at FL390 (max operating level for A.320).

Q. 2. What will be the PA of an airfield if its elevation is 2537 ft and QNH is 998.25 hPa.

Q. 3. Convert 719 Ground nm to Air nm if the average winds enroute are 32 Kts Head Winds.

Q. 4. Convert 867 Air nm to Ground nm if the average winds enroute are 43 Kts Tail Winds.

Q. 5. Calculate max Payload when :- MTOW is 69.2 tons MLW is 64.5 tons MZFW is 61.0 tons
and total FOB is 9.5 tons including a reserve of 3.9 tons. Assume B.O.W. as 42.5 t.

Q. 6. What is the Max Pay- Load that can be carried in A-320 aircraft whose BOW is 42.5 t?
Total Fuel on board is 10.6 tons including 4.5 tons of reserve.

Q. 7. Calculate MTOW for T/O from Nagpur (VANP) R/W 32. Data available:

0
QNH 1000 hPa OAT +27 C AC…ON (for Trg purpose only)
Eng AI… off R/W Wet S/W CALM
Refer RTOW Chart Nagpur ( VANP ) inside this Hand-Book.

Q. 8. Calculate MTOW for T/O from Delhi R/W 10. Data available:
QNH 1000 hPa S/W 5KTW TORA 3810 m
0
OAT + 27 C AC Off AI Off R/W contaminated with 5mm Stdg Water
S
Refer RTOW Chart Delhi ( VIDP ) inside this Hand-Book.

Q. 9. Calculate FLEX Temp; Opt Config and T/O Speeds with following data:-
RTOW Chart Delhi R/W 27; QNH 1003 hPa; AC OFF; AI OFF; R/W WET;
S/W CALM; ATOW 66.6 tons.

Q.10. Calculate ALD for the following data:-

CONFIG 3; Gross Wt. 62 tons; Elevation 2142 ft; QNH 998 hPa;
S/W 5 KTW; Rev “OP”; Auto Brakes N/A; R/W WET; A/THR “ON”

Q.11. Calculate ALD and Vapp without Auto-Brakes for the following data :-
Config FULL; Elevation 2142 ft; QNH 998 hPa; Gross Wt 64 tons; S/W 5 KTW;
Rev “OP”; C of G With- in- Limits; R/W Contaminated with 5 mm of standing water.

Q.12. Calculate ALD and Vapp for the following data, also state the recommended Config for Landing:-
Manual Landing without AUTO-BRAKES. R/W Contaminated with 6mm standing water;
Elev 1742 ft; QNH 998 hPa; Gross Wt. 64 tons; S/W 9KHW; Reversers “OP”;
C of G With- in- Limits; INFLIGHT FAILURE- FLAPS Stuck between Position 1 and 2 and
SLATS Stuck between Position 0 and 1.
 -38-
Q.13. Calculate ALD and Vapp for the following data:-
Manual Landing without AUTO-BRAKES. Multiple Failures ( In-Flight)
R/W Wet; Gross Wt 62 tons; P.A. 2400Ft; S/W 12 KHW; Reversers “OP”
C of G “Normal” Inflight Failures………1. Unreliable Speed Indication.
2. ALTN LAW

Q.14. Calculate ALD for the following data:-

AUTO-LAND with AUTO-BRAKES. R/W Wet; P.A. 3200 Ft; Rev “OP”
S/W 5 KTW; C of G Normal; Config Full; Gross Wt 63 tons.

Q.15. Determine Opt Alt and Opt FL for a Flt if the MID CRUISE Gross Wt is 66 tons.

Q.16. Determine Opt FL for a short stage ( Stage Length 125nm) for Landing Wt 60 tons.

Q.17. Determine Most Economic Flt Lvl between FL320, FL340 and FL360 for AUW65 tons.
Data available: Winds: FL320……....30KHW.
FL340………..40KHW.
FL360………..60KHW.

Q.18. Determine Climb time, distance and fuel to FL350 for an A/C whose Brake Release Wt. is
69.0 tons. Assume AC is on LOW and temp is ISA +20C.

Q.19. Determine Climb time, distance and fuel to FL350 for an A/C Taking Off from an airfield whose P.A.
is 6000 Ft.. Consider Brake Release Wt. as 70 tons. Assume AC is on LOW and temp is ISA +10C.

Q.20. Determine Time, Fuel and Distance for Descent from FL340 if the Gross Wt. is 64 tons and your
destination is GOA.

Q.21. Determine Time, Fuel and Dist. For Emergency Descent from FL370 to FL100.
Gross Wt. being 66 tons.

Q.22. Determine Fuel and Time required to the destination when flying with ONE ENG OUT at
FL 200 with air dist to destination being 300 nm.

Q.23. Determine Fuel Consumption per NM in Cruise when the a/c is flying with
Gear Down at FL200 and the Gross Wt is 64 tons.

Q.24. Calculate Gross Ceiling Alt at Long Range Speed in case of single engine.
Data given: Gross Wt. 66 tons. Temp. ISA +10 C. Engine Anti-Icing ON.

Q.25. Complete the following table, assuming that you are in a Race Track Holding Pattern at FL50.
GROSS WT. G.D. SPEED+20k 210 Kts S Speed 170 Kts
Clean Config Clean Config Config-1 Config-1
FUEL Kg/Hr/Eng FUEL Kg/HR/Eng FUEL Kg/Hr/Eng FUEL Kg/Hr/Eng

65 Tons ………………. ………………. …………….. ……………….

70 Tons ……………….. .……………… …………….. ……………….

 FAILURES FLAP LEVER POSN FOR VREF (QRH 2.32) APPR CORR Additional Factor LDG DIST Factor
LANDING (Highest)
FULL
3
NIL/1.1/1.2
FULL
3
RESULT
WEIGHT = VAPP = VREF + VREF + APPR CORR (QRH 2.31)

LANDING DISTANCE =
(QRH 4. 03/2.38)