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Shell Scripting L5

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5 views12 pages

Shell Scripting L5

Uploaded by

jefoy11983
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Shell Programming

Lec-05
Use of Semicolons
● Instead of being on separate lines,
statements can be separated by a
semicolon (;)
– For example:
if grep "UNIX" myfile; then echo "Got it"; fi
Use of Colon
● Sometimes it is useful to have a command
which does “nothing”.
● The : (colon) command in Unix does nothing
#!/bin/sh
if grep unix myfile
then
:
else
echo "Sorry, unix was not found"
fi
The test Command – File Tests
● test –f file does file exist and is not a directory?
● test -d file does file exist and is a directory?
● test –x file does file exist and is executable?
● test –s file does file exist and is longer than 0 bytes?
#!/bin/sh
count=0
for i in *; do
if test –x $i; then
count=`expr $count + 1`
fi
done
echo Total of $count files executable.
The test Command – Integer Tests
● Integers can also be compared:
– Use -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, -ge
● For example:
#!/bin/sh
smallest=10000
for i in 5 8 19 8 7 3; do
if test $i -lt $smallest; then
smallest=$i
fi
done
echo $smallest
Use of [ ]
● The test program has an alias as [ ]
– Each bracket must be surrounded by spaces!
– This is supposed to be a bit easier to read.
● For example:
#!/bin/sh
smallest=10000
for i in 5 8 19 8 7 3; do
if [ $i -lt $smallest ] ; then
smallest=$i
fi
done
echo $smallest
The while Loop
● While loops repeat statements as long as
the next Unix command is successful.
● For example:
#!/bin/sh
i=1
sum=0
while [ $i -le 100 ]; do
sum=`expr $sum + $i`
i=`expr $i + 1`
done
echo The sum is $sum.
Command Line Arguments (1)
● Shell scripts would not be very useful if we could
not pass arguments to them on the command
line
● Shell script positional arguments are
“numbered” from left to right
– $1 - first argument after command
– $2 - second argument after command
– ... up to $9
– They are called “positional parameters”.
Command Line Arguments (2)
● Example: get a particular line of a file
– Write a command with the format:
getlineno linenumber filename
#!/bin/sh
head -$1 $2 | tail -1
● Other variables related to arguments:
● $0 name of the command running
● $* All the arguments
● $# the number of arguments
Reading Variables From Standard Input (1)
● The read command reads one line of input from
the terminal and assigns it to variables given as
arguments

● Syntax: read var1 var2 var3 ...


● Action: reads a line of input from standard input
● Assign first word to var1, second word to var2, ...
● The last variable gets any excess words on the
line.
Reading Variables from Standard Input (2)
● Example:
% read X Y Z
Here are some words as input
% echo $X
Here
% echo $Y
are
% echo $Z
some words as input
Assignment-1 Additional Questions
1. Write a shell script to find the largest among the 3
given numbers.
2. Write a shell script to ask your name, program name
and enrolment number and print it on the screen.

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