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UT 1st RDBMS

RDBMS, or Relational Database Management System, is a system that manages relational databases and supports SQL queries, backups, and user management. It organizes data into tables with rows and columns, allowing for relationships between tables through primary and foreign keys. Key features include multiuser accessibility, data integrity, and the ability to perform complex queries using SQL, while advantages include improved simplicity and management, and disadvantages include potential design flaws and storage limitations.

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8 views4 pages

UT 1st RDBMS

RDBMS, or Relational Database Management System, is a system that manages relational databases and supports SQL queries, backups, and user management. It organizes data into tables with rows and columns, allowing for relationships between tables through primary and foreign keys. Key features include multiuser accessibility, data integrity, and the ability to perform complex queries using SQL, while advantages include improved simplicity and management, and disadvantages include potential design flaws and storage limitations.

Uploaded by

ayushsuryawanshi528
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition of RDBMS

 Relational Database Management System, RDBMS refers to a relational database plus supporting
software for managing users and processing SQL queries, performing backups/restores and
associated tasks.
 RDBMS usually include an API so that developers can write programs that use them.
 Typical RDBMS includes:
o Microsoft Access
o Microsoft SQL Server
o IBM DB2
o Oracle
o MySQL

What is RDBMS? (Oct.


 RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
 RDBMS data is structured in database tables, fields and record. Each RDBMS table consists of
database table rows. Each database table row consists of one or more database table fields.
 RDBMS stores data into collection of tables, which might be related by common fields.
 RDBMS also provide relational operators to manipulate the data stored into database tables.
Most RDBMS use SQL as database query language.
 Edgar F. Codd introduced the relational database model. Many modern DBMS do not conform
Codd's definition of a RDBMS, but nonetheless they are still considered to be RDBMS.

Featurs of RDBMS

• All data stored in the tables are provided by an RDBMS


• Ensures that all data stored are in the form of rows and columns
• Facilitates primary key ,which helps in unique identification of the rows
• Index creation for retrieving data at a higher speed
• Facilitates a common column to be shared two or more tables
• Multiuser accessibility is facilitated to be controlled by individual users
• A virtual table creation is enabled to store sensitive data and simplify queries
Differences between DBMS and RDBMS.

Components of RDBMS
 Relational database components includes:
o Table
o Row
o Column
o Field
o Primary key
o Foreign key

1.Table

A Table is a basic storage structure of an RDBMS and consists of columns and rows. A table
represents an entity. For example, the E_DEPT table stores information about the departments of
an organization.

2.Row

A Row is a combination of column values in a table and is identified by a primary key.


Rows are also known as records. For example, a row in the table E_DEPT contains information
about one department.

3.Column

A Column is a collection of one type of data in a table. Columns represent the attributes of
an object. Each column has a column name and contains values that are bound by the same type
and size. For example, a 'name' column in the table E_DEPT specifies the names of the
departments in the organization.

4.Field

A Field is an intersection of a row and a column. A field contains one data value. If there is no
data in the field, the field is said to contain a NULL value.

5.Primary Key

A Primary key is a column or a combination of columns that is used to uniquely identify each
row in a table. For example, the column containing department numbers in the E_DEPT table is
created as a primary key and therefore, every department number is different. A primary key must
contain a value. It cannot contain a NULL value.

6.Foreign Key
A Foreign key is a column or set of columns that refers to a primary key in the same table or
another table. You use foreign keys to establish principle connections between, or within, tables.
A foreign key must either match a primary key or else be NULL. Rows are connected logically
when required. The logical connections are based upon conditions that define a relationship
between corresponding values, typically between a primary key and a matching foreign key. This
relational method of linking provides great flexibility as it is independent of physical links
between records.

Advantages of RDBMS
 RDBMS consists of following advantages:
1. Improved conceptual simplicity.
2. Easier database design, implementation, management, and use.
3. Ad hoc query capability (SQL).
4. Powerful database management system.
Disadvantages of RDBMS
 RDBMS consists of following disadvantages:
1. Possibility of poor design and implementation.
2. Relational databases do not have enough storage area to handle data such as images, digital
and audio/video.
3. The requirement that information must be in tables where relationships between entities are
defined by values.
Roles and Responsibility of DBA
1. Software Installation and Maintenance
A DBA often collaborates on the initial installation and configuration of a new Oracle, SQL Server etc database. The system administrator sets up
hardware and deploys the operating system for the database server, and then the DBA installs the database software and configures it for use. As
updates and patches are required, the DBA handles this ongoing maintenance

2. Data Extraction, Transformation, and Loading


Known as ETL, data extraction, transformation, and loading refers to efficiently importing large volumes of data that have been extracted from
multiple systems into a data warehouse environment.

3. Specialised Data Handling


Today’s databases can be massive and may contain unstructured data types such as images, documents, or sound and video files. Managing a very
large database (VLDB) may require higher-level skills and additional monitoring and tuning to maintain efficiency.

4. Database Backup and Recovery


DBAs create backup and recovery plans and procedures based on industry best practices, then make sure that the necessary steps are followed.
Backups cost time and money, so the DBA may have to persuade management to take necessary precautions to preserve data.
System admins or other personnel may actually create the backups, but it is the DBA’s responsibility to make sure that everything is done on
schedule.

5. Security
A DBA needs to know potential weaknesses of the database software and the company’s overall system and work to minimise risks. No system is
one hundred per cent immune to attacks, but implementing best practices can minimise risks.

6. Troubleshooting
DBAs are on call for troubleshooting in case of any problems. Whether they need to quickly restore lost data or correct an issue to minimise
damage, a DBA needs to quickly understand and respond to problems when they occur.

7. Authentication
Setting up employee access is an important aspect of database security. DBAs control who has access and what type of access they are allowed.
For instance, a user may have permission to see only certain pieces of information, or they may be denied the ability to make changes to
the system

Relational Algebra in RDBMS


 Relational algebra is a procedural query language. It gives a step by step process to obtain the result of the query. It uses
operators to perform queries.

 Relational algebra refers to a procedural query language that takes relation instances as input and returns relation instances as
output. It performs queries with the help of operators. A binary or unary operator can be used. They take in relations as input
and produce relations as output. Recursive relational algebra is applied to a relationship, and intermediate outcomes are also
considered relations.
The fundamental operations of relational algebra are as follows −
 Select
 Project
 Union
 Set different
 Cartesian product
 Rename

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