year 9 curriculum

GCSE HIGHER
chapter 6
pythagoras & trigonometry

[Recommended Time : 12 - 15 hours]

The diagrams in this chapter are not drawn to scale, unless otherwise indicated.

Contents

Warm Up: Pre - requisite Number Skills Review Page 2

Pythagoras' Theorem (1) : Finding the Hypotenuse Page 4
Pythagoras' Theorem (2) : Finding Shorter Sides Page 6
Pythagoras' Theorem (3) : Mixed Practice Page 8
Pythagorean Triples & The Converse Page 10
Pythagoras Puzzles extra
challenge Page 11
The Distance Between 2 Points extra
challenge Page 12
3D Distances extra
challenge Page 14
Mixed Pythagoras Review Page 16
Trigonometry: Naming Sides in Right Angled Triangles Page 17
History of Trigonometry Page 18
Finding Lengths (Sine) Page 19
Finding Lengths (Cosine) Page 20
Finding Lengths (Tan) Page 21
Finding Lengths (Sin, Cos or Tan?) Page 22
Using Sin, Cos & Tan Page 23
Finding Angles Page 25
Angles of Elevation & Depression Page 27
Pythag & Trigonometry Code Breaker Page 28
Proving Similarity with Pythagoras & Trig extra
challenge Page 29
1 extra
Area of Any Triangle : 2
absin(c) challenge Page 31
Chapter Review Page 33
Cumulative Review (Chapters 1 - 6) Page 35

Items marked Review were covered in the book 1 / 2 curriculum and may be omitted.

Page 1 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 warm up : pre - requisite number skills Review

recall

Square Numbers : the result of squaring an integer.

32 is pronounced '3 squared' and the result is a square number.
The first 15 square numbers are 1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100,121,144,169,196,225.

: Square Root Symbol

This symbol is the inverse of squaring. If we write 196 , we are asking for the
number that squares to make 196. So 196 = 14

Surd : when we square root a non - square number, the answer is a decimal that
continues forever with no repeating pattern. This is an irrational number called a surd.
10 is a surd because 10 is not a square number, 10 = 3.16227766.....

Exact Answer : we can leave the answer to a question as a surd, e.g. 17 .

This tells us the length exactly and is considered an 'exact answer'.
The opposite is a rounded answer, which is not exact as some value is lost.

Decimal Places : when rounding a decimal number, the number of digits after the
decimal place is the number of decimal places. To round 45.67 to 1 decimal place
we need to decide if the number is closer to 45.6 or 45.7
In this case the answer is 45.7. If the next digit
is 5 or more,
exercise 6a round up

1. Which number has 2 decimal places?

a) 0.46 b) 0.046 c) 4.6 d) 0.406 e) 0.460

2. Round each number to 1 decimal place:

a) 8.23 b) 0.655 c) 150.078 d) 2.99

3. Round each number to 2 decimal places:

a) 15.348 b) 0.4621 c) 8.0351 d) 16.295

4. Work out the following, without a calculator:

a) 42 d) 92 g) 72 j) 169

b) 121 e) 144 h) 25 k) 225

c) 52 f) 1 i) 0 l) 142

Page 2 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 5. Use your calculator to work out the following. Round your answers to 1 decimal place.
15
a) 12 c) 2 e) 1000 g) 7

b) 15 d) 8 f) 6.5 h) 180 - 35

6. Without using a calculator, which of these will be an integer? Select all that apply.

a) 14 b) 15 c) 16 d) 17 e) 18

7. Given the area, work out the side length of each square, to 1 decimal place:

a) b) c) d)
40cm2 ? 169cm2 ? 50cm2 ?
36cm2 ?

8. Without a calculator, calculate the following:

a) 32 + 42 c) 42 + 52 e) (32 )2

b) 92 - 82 d) 102 - 12 f) 12 + 22 + 32

9. Without a calculator, calculate the following:

a) 9 + 16 c) 100 - 49 e) 16 × 16

b) 144 × 4 d) 16 - 25 f) 25 × 25

7. Without using a calculator, decide whether each of the following is a surd or an integer:

a) 81 c) 45 e) 12 g) 36

b) 80 d) 49 f) 11 h) 120
10. True or false?

a) 32 + 42 = 52 d) 62 + 82 = 102

b) 42 + 52 = 62 e) 52 + 122 = 132

c) 62 + 72 = 82 f) 12 + 12 = 22

11. Can you find a pair of square numbers that add up to another square number?

Page 3 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 pythagoras' theorem (1): finding the hypotenuse

learn by heart

Hypotenuse : the side opposite the right angle.

It is the longest side in a right angled triangle. c2
Pythagoras' Theorem: for any right angled triangle, c
2
the squares on the two shorter sides add up to the a a
square on the hypotenuse.
This can be summarised as: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 , where b
a and b are the shorter sides in a right angled triangle.
b2
example

Work out the missing side x.

Round your answer to 1 decimal place.
If we know the area of the
x square is 369, we can find the
12 152 + 122 = x 2 square root of 369 ( 369 ) to
369 = x 2 work out the length of the
15 19.2 = x hypotenuse

exercise 6b

1. In each triangle, state which side is the hypotenuse, if it has one.

a) b) c)
d
h
c g
a
e f
i
b

d) e) f)
q
n
j k
p
m o r

g) h) i) z
u s v w
x y
t x

Page 4 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 2. Find the length of the hypotenuse, correct to 1 decimal place.
a) b) c) 7cm

?
? 10cm ?
6cm 8cm
3cm
5cm

d) e) 15cm f)
8cm
8cm
?
? 6cm ?

6cm

3. Find the length marked x in each diagram,

to 1 decimal place if necessary:
x
a) 10 b)
14
x
8 9

16 12

c) d) 12
9
6

x
8
6
x
8 7

4. The diagonal of a shape is the length from one corner to the opposite corner.
Work out the length of the diagonals of each shape. Round your answers to 1 d.p.
Two
a) b) c) different
6m diagonal
lengths
8m 5m
4m

3m 9m
4m

Page 5 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 pythagoras' theorem (2): finding shorter sides

example

Work out the missing side x.

Round your answer to 1 decimal place.
10
102 + x 2 = 162 To find a
x shorter side
16 x 2 = 156
x = 12.5 you will need
to subtract

exercise 6c

1. Work out the missing side labelled x in each diagram.

Round your answers to 1 decimal place.

24cm
a) b) c)

29cm 8cm
x x 40cm

18cm
20cm

2. Find the length marked x in each diagram:

a) b) 26cm
6cm

13cm x
x 30cm

18cm
8cm

3. Work out the perimeter of each shape, to 1 decimal place if necessary:

a) 5cm b) c)
6cm

13cm
24cm 4cm
26cm
5cm

Page 6 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 4. Work out the height of each of these triangles, marked x in each diagram,
to 1 decimal place:

a) b) c)

14cm 10cm
x
x
x 30cm

17cm
20cm

x
5. Work out the length marked x
in this diagram:
13

20

6
6. Work out the length marked x
in this diagram:

17
26

x
24

extra
more challenging challenge

7. Work out the length marked x 8. The diagram shows a square.

in this diagram, to 1 decimal place. The diagonal length of the square
is 20cm. Work out its side length,
to 1 decimal place.

x
20
30

9. Can you find an isosceles right angled triangle where all the side lengths are integers?

Page 7 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 pythagoras' theorem (3): mixed practice

learn by heart

To find the length of the hypotenuse, add To find the length of a shorter side, subtract
the squares of the shorter side lengths, then the square of the other shorter side length
square root. from the length of the hypotenuse, then
square root.

exercise 6d

1. Work out the missing side labelled x in each diagram.

Round your answers to 1 decimal place.

a) b) c)
6cm x cm
x cm 12cm
5cm 8cm
x cm
20cm
8cm

d) e) f)
5cm 10cm
x cm 89cm
9cm x cm 7cm
x cm 40cm

g) h) i)
48cm x cm x cm 9cm
6cm

112cm 3.4cm x cm

2. Work out the perimeter of this triangle. 3. Work out the area of this triangle.

6cm
26cm
10cm
8cm

4. Explain why we could not use Pythagoras' theorem ?

to find the hypotenuse of this triangle: 4
6

Page 8 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 5. Work out the value of x, to 1 decimal place if necessary
a) b)
17cm
x cm
x cm
3cm
12cm
3cm
4cm
5cm

6. Work out the perimeter of 7. The diagram shows a triangle

this isosceles triangle: inside a rectangle.
Work out the area of the rectangle:
5cm

24cm 15cm 20cm

16cm
8. These two triangles are similar.
9. Work out the perimeter.
Work out the length of x.
Round your answer to the nearest 0.1cm.

x
4cm

3cm 13.5cm 12cm

10. The diagram shows a square inside a square. 8cm

The corners of the inner square are
at the midpoints of the outside square.
Work out the area of the smaller square.

very challenging extra

challenge 12. The ratio of a : b is 1 : 5.
Work out the lengths of a and b to
11. Work out the 1 decimal place.
value of x, 20cm
correct to 1 x
52
decimal place. a
2x
b

Page 9 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 pythagorean triples & the converse

learn by heart

Pythagorean Triple: a set of 3 integers that follow the rule a 2 + b 2 = c 2

For example: 3,4,5 or 6,8,10

Converse of Pythagoras' theorem: if the sides of a triangle follow

the rule a 2 + b 2 = c 2 , then it is right angled.

exercise 6e

1. Decide if each set of numbers is a Pythagorean Triple:

a) 5, 12, 13 c) 7, 9, 15 e) 10, 24, 26

b) 10, 15, 20 d) 8, 15 , 17 f) 3, 4, 7

2. These triangles are not drawn to scale. Decide if each triangle is right angled or not:

a) c) e) 15
10 15
10
6 17
8
6
8
12
b) d) f)
24 30
9
10 15
7
10

3. Prove that triangle ABD is right angled. 4. Prove that ABC is right angled.
9cm B B
A
37cm
12cm
15cm
C A C
D 35cm 9cm 16cm

A 9 B
5. ABCD is a trapezium. Prove that
triangle BCD is right angled.
20

D C
25

Page 10 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 Match the cards to the side lengths of the
Pythagoras Puzzles extra
challenge
right - angled triangles. Use each card once only.

A
10 4 5

3 5 6
13
7 8

8 12
25
17
15 24

24 26
10

B
41 2 2
13
3 3

29 4 4

5 5
11
5 6
17
8 9
7

C
8 3
17
11 12
5
5
4 37

Page 11 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 extra
the distance between 2 points challenge

learn by heart
A B
We can find the horizontal distance between two points
(3,4) (8,4)
by looking at the difference in their x co - ordinates.

We can find the vertical distance between two points by The horizontal distance
looking at the difference in their y co - ordinates. between these points is 5
We can use Pythagoras to find the diagonal distance units (8 - 3 = 5)
between two points.

example

Find the distance between the co - ordinates (3,5) and (8,9), correct to 1 decimal place.

10
1 Draw a quick sketch of where these co - ordinates are.

8 2 Add in a right angled triangle

4
6 3 Work out the horizontal & vertical distances
4 5 (vertical : 9 - 5 = 4) (horizontal: 8 - 3 = 5)

2 4 Use Pythagoras to work out the diagonal length

42 + 52 = diagonal2
2 4 6 8 10 41 = diagonal2
41 = diagonal = 6.4

exercise 6f

1. Work out the distance, to 1 decimal place, between each pair of co - ordinates:
a) 6 b) 6 c) 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

d) 3 e) 3 f) 3
2 2 2
1 1 1

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1 -1 -1
-2 -2 -2
-3 -3 -3

Page 12 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 2. Work out the distance, to 1 d.p., between the co - ordinates (0,4) and (8,12)

3. Work out the distance, to 1 d.p., between the co - ordinates (2,6) and (-4,10)

4. Work out the distance to 1 d.p, between the co - ordinates (-3,5) and (4,-7)

5. Is this an isosceles triangle? 6. Is this shape a rhombus?

Show how you decide. Show how you decide.
4 4

3 3

2 2

1 1

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1 -1

-2 -2

-3 -3

-4 -4

7. Is this an equilateral triangle? 8. Is this a kite?

Show how you decide. Show how you decide.
4 4

3 3

2 2

1 1

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1 -1

-2 -2

-3 -3

-4 -4

9. The diagram shows a line 13cm long.

(15,10)
Work out the value of a.

(a,5)

Page 13 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 extra
3d distances challenge

learn by heart

The distance between two points covering a 3D F

distance can be calculated by c 2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 E G
H

example
4cm
The diagram shows a cuboid, ABCDEFGH.
Calculate the distance AG.
B
ACG is a right angled triangle. A C
3cm D 7cm
AC2 = 32 + 72 AG2 = AC2 + GC2
AC2 = 58 AG2 = 58 + 16 You can use pythagoras twice to
AC = 58 = 7.6 AG = 74 find the diagonal length. You
AG = 8.6 would get the same result if you
think AG2 = 32 + 72 + 42

exercise 6g

1. Work out the distance AG in this 2. Work out the distance CH in this
cuboid, correct to 1 decimal place. cuboid, correct to 1 decimal place.

B
C
A
D C B
D
2cm
A F
10cm
E
6cm G
E F 9cm
G H
4cm
H 5cm

C
3. Work out the distance ED in this
cube, correct to 1 decimal place. B
D
A
7cm
F
E
G
H

Page 14 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 4. The diagram shows a square based
X
pyramid. The top of the pyramid, X, is
directly above the centre of the square
base, O. The height OX is 10cm.
Y is the midpoint of the side CD.
10
a) Work out the length of XY, B
correct to 1 decimal place. C
A O
b) Work out the length of XC, Y
correct to 1 decimal place. 6cm 6cm
D

5. The diagram shows a rectangle based

X
pyramid. The top of the pyramid, X, is
directly above the centre of the square
base, O. The height OX is 8cm.
Y is the midpoint of the side AB. 8 C
B
a) Work out the length of XY, 6cm
correct to 1 decimal place. O
Y
D
b) Work out the length of XB, A
correct to 1 decimal place. 16cm

more challenging

6. The diagonal of this cuboid is exactly 7. The diagonal of this cuboid is exactly
7cm long. Can you work out the height 15cm long. Can you work out the
of the cuboid, marked x? width of the cuboid, marked x?

x cm 2cm

2cm
6cm 10cm x cm

8. The diagonal of this cuboid is exactly

13cm long. All the sides of the cuboids are x cm
integers. The ratio of x : y is 1 : 4
Can you work out the length, width
and height of the cuboid?
z cm y cm

Page 15 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 mixed pythagoras review

exercise 6h

1. Work out x in each triangle, correct to 1 decimal place:

8cm 13cm
a) b) c)
9cm
6cm 5cm
x cm 5cm x cm

x cm
d) e) f)

8.3cm 4cm 15cm 20cm

x cm
9cm x cm
x cm
8cm

2. Explain why we cannot use

Pythagoras' Theorem to work out the value of x: 15 x
100°
24
3. Is this triangle right angled?
Explain your answer. 15
12

9
4. Work out the value of x, to 1 decimal place, in each diagram:

a) b) x
6cm
x cm 6.5
15
8cm
24cm 2.5
5. Work out the area of this triangle: 6. Work out the straight - line distance
between the points with coordinates
(4, 5) and (12, 20).
17cm

30cm

Page 16 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 trigonometry: naming sides in right angled triangles

learn by heart

Hypotenuse : is the longest side, opposite the right angle

53°
hypotenuse
Opposite : is opposite the angle to be used
adjacent
Adjacent : is next to the angle to be used
opposite

exercise 6i

1. In each triangle, label the opposite, adjacent and hypotenuse

a) b) c)

59°

48°
44°

d) e) f)
54°
60°

57°

g) h) i)

66°

64°
47°

Page 17 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 History of Trigonometry
In ancient times, astronomers were
interested in the movements of the
'wandering stars' across the night sky. 1

θ
They wanted to know and predict the
positions of the planets to help with time
keeping and navigation.

They knew the planets moved in circles and hence

many of their calculations involved finding the
lengths of chords in circles.

Ancient mathematicians such as Hipparchus and

Ptolemy created tables of chords to help
astronomers with their calculations.

The unit circle is a standard circle with a radius of 1. 1

sine
In this circle the length of the side opposite the angle
shown was called the 'sine' and the adjacent was the θ
'cosine'. cosine

We no longer use tables of chords to work out the lengths of sine and
cosine for different angles - we can use our calculators!
1
If you press sin(40) on your calculator, it will give you the length of 0.6427...
the opposite side in the unit triangle (the radius is 1). 40°
0.7660...
If you press cos(40), you will get the length of the adjacent.

questions

1. To 3 decimal places, write down the value of: 2. To 3 decimal places,

work out the lengths
of a,b,c and d.
a) sin(0) g) cos(5)

b) sin(1) h) cos(10)
1 a
c) sin(45) i) cos(45)
50°
d) sin(60) j) cos(60) 10
b
c
e) sin(88) k) cos(88)

f) sin (90) l) cos(90) 50°

d

Page 18 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 finding lengths: sine

learn by heart example

Work out the missing side length:

sinθ =
opposite O
hypotenuse ? = opposite 15
S × H ? = sin(39) × 15
?
39°
? = 9.44 (2 d.p.)
exercise 6j

1. Work out the missing length in each triangle.

Find your answers jumbled at the bottom (rounded to 2 d.p.).

a) b) c)
47°
54°
? 4cm 42°
? 8cm
?
12cm

d) e) f)
56°
67°
?
? ?
6.5cm 3cm
34°
9cm

g) h) i)
14cm 6cm
? 69° 56°
61°
29° ?
34°
?
8.2cm

3.26cm 12.24cm 3.36cm 5.85cm

5.98cm 5.39cm 14.83cm 8.78cm 5.03cm

Page 19 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 finding lengths: cosine

learn by heart example

Work out the missing side length:

cosθ =
adjacent A
15
hypotenuse ? = adjacent
C × H ? = cos(39) × 15 39°
? = 11.66 (2 d.p.)
exercise 6k ?

1. Work out the missing length in each triangle.

Find your answers jumbled at the bottom (rounded to 2 d.p.).

a) ? b) c)

52°
4cm
? 57° ?
10cm
43°
5.9cm

d) 22° e) f) 3cm
59°
12cm ? 53°
15.2cm
? ?

8.7cm 6.5cm 48°

g) h) i)
31°
?
?
49° ?
59°
9cm
42°

5.82cm 6.16cm 10.15cm 8.07cm

5.90cm 9.71cm 11.13cm 7.34cm 9.15cm

Page 20 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 finding lengths: tan

learn by heart example

Work out the missing side length:

tanθ = opposite O
adjacent ? = opposite ?
T × A ? = tan(39) × 8 39°
? = 6.48 (2 d.p.)
exercise 6l 8

1. Work out the missing length in each triangle.

Find your answers jumbled at the bottom (rounded to 2 d.p.).
a) b) c)
?
? 44°
9cm 6cm
48° 34° 4.5cm

d) e) f)
?

50°
6.5cm
?
? 61°
53°

8.4cm
10.3cm
g) h) i)
45° ? 7.1cm
56° 30° ?
? 5.2cm 60°
12.8cm

4.10cm 11.73cm 8.10cm 7.71cm

8.64cm 4.35cm 12.8cm 8.90cm 11.15cm

Page 21 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 finding lengths: sin,cos or tan?

examples

Work out the length of x correct to 1 decimal place: Work out the length of x correct to 1
decimal place:
First label the sides, 8 is O and x is A
H 15 is H and x is O x A The tan ratio
50°
15cm 42°
The sine ratio relates O and H, relates O and A,
8
O
x 8
so sin(50°) = 15 so tan(42°) = x

x sin(50°) × 15 = x x = 8 ÷ tan(42°)
O
x = 11.5cm x = 8.9cm

exercise 6m

1. Work out the missing side lengths correct to 1 decimal place.

Match your answers to those at the bottom.
?
a) b) c)
8cm
6cm
39° 49° 10cm 57°
? ?

d) e) ? f)
8cm
42°
? 35°
5cm ?
6cm
28°

g) h) 12cm i)
4cm
? 6cm ?
36° ? 39°
45°

5.6cm 5.5cm 4.9cm 7.5cm 5.6cm 12.8cm 11.0cm 6.2cm 17.0cm

2. Work out the length of x, correct to 1 decimal place:

a) b) x cm
44° 46° 50°
40°
6 cm x cm
12 cm

Page 22 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 using sin, cos, tan

example

Work out the area of the triangle, Split the triangle in half
correct to 1 d.p.
Using sin(50) = x , 50° 15cm
15 y cm
15cm x = 11.5cm
100° x cm
Using cos(50) = y , y = 9.6
15

Area of original triangle = 23 × 9.6 = 110.4cm2

2

exercise 6n

1. Work out the area of each shape, correct to 1 decimal place:

a) b)

63° 32°

5cm
8cm

c) d)

84° 9cm 48°

22cm

e) f)
8cm
9cm
100°
112°

68°

14cm

Page 23 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 2. In each diagram, work out the value of x, correct to 1 decimal place:

A B

72°
x 35°

10cm
30° 48°
6cm
x

C D

12cm
34° 48°
x
x
49°
63°

20cm

3. In this triangle, the ratio of the 4. In this triangle, the ratio of the
angles a,b and c is 1 : 2 : 3 angles a:c is 2 : 3
The length of AC is 18cm. The length of AB is 10cm.
Work out the length of AB to 1 d.p. Work out the length of BC to 1 d.p.

B B

b 10cm

c
c a C
a A
C A
18cm

5. An 8m ladder is placed against a wall.

The angle between the ladder and the floor is 65°.
How far away from the wall is the foot of the ladder?
Round your answer to 1 decimal place.

Page 24 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 finding angles

learn by heart

To calculate an angle, we need to use the inverse sin, cos or tan functions.
For example, if we know that cosθ = 0.4, we can use cos-1 (0.4) to work out the value of θ.

examples

Work out the angle θ, to 1 decimal place: Work out the angle θ, to 1 decimal place:
sinθ = o 5cm A tanθ = o
h a
θ 12cm 9 θ 6
sinθ = tanθ =
H 12 6cm 5

θ = sin -1
9 O θ = tan -1
6
12 5
9cm
O θ = 48.6° θ = 50.2°

exercise 6o

1. Work out the angles marked θ in these triangles, correct to the nearest degree.
Match your answers to those at the bottom.

a) b) 5cm c) 4cm
9cm θ
θ 3cm 11cm
θ
6cm

d) e) f)
12cm 8cm
θ
5cm θ 16cm 10cm
θ
6cm
7cm
g) h) i)
10.2cm 4.8cm
6.8cm
θ
θ 3.7cm
13.1cm θ
5.1cm

59° 53° 25° 48° 51° 66° 69° 40° 37°

Page 25 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 A
2. Work out acute angle ABC 1.2cm
to 1 decimal place. 1.6cm
C

3. For the triangle to the right, 4

4
why is this calculation not correct? θ = cos-1 10
θ

10

4. In the diagram, AE and BD are A

straight lines. 7cm
3cm
C
Work out the size of obtuse B D
38°
angle CED, correct to the
nearest degree.
E

5. Work out the size of angle BCD 12cm

A B
to the nearest degree.

8cm

D C
17cm

6. For the triangle to the right, which calculations are correct? Select all that apply.

12 5 13
a) θ = sin-1 13
b) θ = cos-1 12
5 θ
5 5
c) θ = tan -1
12
d) θ = sin -1
13
12

7. Work out angle θ, to 1 d.p. 8. Work out angle θ, to 1 d.p.

12cm θ
29
21

θ
18cm
20

Page 26 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 angles of elevation & depression object

learn by heart
angle of elevation
Angle of Elevation : the angle created from horizontal
the horizontal when we look up at an object.

Angle of Depression : the angle created from the horizontal when we look down at an object.

example

A tourist wants to work out the height of Big Ben.

She stands 100m away and looks up at Big Ben.
The angle of elevation is 43°.
How tall is Big Ben to the nearest metre?
O
height = opposite
o = tan(43) × 100
o = 93m
A

exercise 6p

1. Tracey stands on top of a cliff

overlooking a lake. She sees a
small boat. The cliff is 80m high.
The angle of depression of the boat
is 44°. Work out the horizontal
distance between the boat and the
?
cliff to 1 decimal place.

2. Paul is sailing a small boat towards 3. A man is stood on the floor and
some cliffs. He looks up at the top of looks up at the top of a tree.
the cliffs and the angle of elevation of The angle of elevation is 60°
is 35°. The boat is 140m away from the The tree is 8 metres high.
cliffs (horizontally). How tall are the cliffs How many metres from the foot
to the nearest metre? of the tree is the man, to 1 d.p.?

Page 27 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 Pythag & Trigonometry code box

Code Breaker 3.3 = 12 = 18.2 = 48.0 =

eggs find cat always
Work out x in each diagram to 1 d.p.
Find your answer in the code box 4.5 = 13.5 = 19.1 = 57.8 =
and fill in the words to reveal a joke! jam telling survey jokes?

7.0 = 14.5 = 20 = 59.9 =

crack They cold made
x
10 =
8 A ________ Why 8.1 = 14.8 = 25.6 = 62 =
other are window journey
6
8.6 = 15.2 = 28.1 = 75.8 =
16 at bad ladder and
x ________ =
B
9.2 = 16 = 35.8 = 90 =
6 maze top dice up!

10 = 17.4 = 37.2 = 92.1 =

5 ________ = Why each can place.
x C
42°
10
I
52° x
________ =
9 x ________ = °
D

12
x
8 62° J ________ =
x ________ =
E 47° 15

44°
10 K
x ________ =
________ = 25 46°
F
x 48°
10
15 54° L
x
G °
________ = x
________ =
8

5 13
12 H x
________ = x
M
°
________ =
56°
12

Page 28 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 extra
proving similarity with pythagoras & trig challenge

recall

We can check for similarity in triangles by looking to see if they have two (and hence three)
identical angles (AAA), or if the ratio between all three corresponding sides is the same.

We can now use Pythagoras and trigonometry to find missing sides and angles in triangles,
which can help us to prove similarity. Indeed because of Pythagoras we can also test for
similarity in a right angled triangle by just checking that the ratio of one side to the
hypotenuse stays the same, as this will guarantee all three sides are in the same ratio.

example

Prove that triangles ABC and DEF are similiar.

E
Acute angle BAC = A
60°
8
cos-1 = 60° 16cm
16 12cm
8cm
∴ Both triangles have angles
90°, 60° and 30° and are C F
B
hence similar (AAA). D

exercise 6p

1. Prove that each pair of triangles are similar:

A B
6
A E D E
45°
A 2
10 15
B
8
2
C
B
F C
D 9 F

C E D E
B 5
4 4
D
A
F
A 10 D
F 1
30° C
C B 2

Page 29 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 E C F D

40°
12 16.8 F
80° B
E
16

A
8
5 18.2 40°
B E
C 60°
D
F

G H

8
8 60° 68°
60°
60°
8
44°

I J

5
6 52
9 117
6 61 12 244

2. These two triangles are similar. 3. These triangles are not drawn
The side AC corresponds with DE. to scale. Prove that they
Work out the length of x.
are not similar.
A D

58°
8 14
13 B
x 5 30°
A
C
B
12
E
297 F

Page 30 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 1 extra
area of any triangle: 2
absin(c) challenge

learn by heart
a
1
The area of any triangle is 2
absin(C)

b
This works for all triangles - they don't have to be right angled. C
The angle 'C' must be 'trapped' between sides a and b

example

Work out the area of the triangle, to 1 d.p.

1 15cm
2
× 15 × 12 × sin(77) 77°
= 87.7cm2 12cm

exercise 6p

1. Work out the area of each triangle, to 1 decimal place:

8cm
a) b) c)
5cm
6cm
37° 60° 98°

5cm
8cm

d) e) f)
10cm 12cm
6cm
47°
7cm 66°
292°
61°
7cm

g) h) i)
290° 7cm
15cm

5cm

6cm

Page 31 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 2. Work out the area of each shape, correct to 1 decimal place:
a) b) c)

5cm
125° 115°
131° 5cm
12cm
8cm 12cm

d) e) 16cm f)
13cm 60°
56° 52°
8cm

21cm
46°

2cm 12cm 5cm

20cm

3. Work out the area of this pentagon, 4. The diagram shows a regular
to 1 decimal place: octagon. The diagonals of the octagon
are 10cm long. Work out the area
of the octagon.
7cm

150° 150°

4cm

proof
a
1
Prove that the area of any triangle is 2
absin(C) using the fact
1
that the area of a triangle is × base × perpendicular height
2 C b

1. Draw in the 2. Write an expression for 3. Write an expression for the

perpendicular height the height: area:
a
h
a
h C b

C b

Page 32 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 chapter review

exercise 6q

1. Work out the missing information for each triangle, to 1 d.p.

a) b) b cm c) 1.5cm

4cm
3cm
2.4cm c° 2cm
38°
a cm

d) e) f)
59° 7.5cm fm

11mm 1.4m
e mm
d cm 58° 4.8m

2. Anna is trying to work out the length marked x.

Here is her working.
What mistake has she made? 13cm 5cm
x = 13 + 5
2 2 2

x2 = 169 + 25 x cm
x = 194
2

x= 194 = 13.9 (1 d.p.)

3. Jeremy has copied this triangle incorrectly. 4. Work out the area of this triangle:
How do you know he's made a mistake?

B
15
8 10cm
A 6cm

12 C

Page 33 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 5. In the triangle below, work out BC 6. In the triangle below, work out ABC
to 1 decimal place: to 1 decimal place.
A
A
1.2cm
1.6cm
B
4.2cm C
55°
B
C

7. Decide if each triangle is right angled or not:

a) b) 8 c)
8
6 13
5
5
10 15
12

8. Work out the length 9. Work out the length CD to 1 d.p:

marked x to 1 d.p.:
D

6 54°
C
x
8cm
3

4 A B
12cm

more challenging extra

challenge

10. Work out the distance between the 11. The diagram shows a cuboid.
points with coordinates (4, 5) and Work out the length of CH to 1 d.p.
(8, -3), correct to 1 d.p.
6 C
5 B
4
D
3 3cm
2 A F
1
E
-1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 G
5cm
-2 10cm
H
-3
-4

Page 34 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 cumulative review (chapters 1 - 6)

exercise 6r

1
1. Which point is on the line y = 2
x?

1
a) (3,6) b) (6,3) c) (0,2) d) 2
, 1

2. Which line has a negative gradient?

a) b) c) d)

3. Write the ratio 0.4 : 3.2 in simplest form.

4. Calculate the following, giving your answer in simplest form:

1 3 2 1 1
a) + c) × 1 e) 6 ÷
2 10 3 2 4

1 4 2 2
b) ÷ 5 d) f) 1 -
5 5 5

5. Write down the value of 18 to 2 decimal places.

6. Work out θ in each diagram:

a) b) c)
119°
θ
Regular
70° 91°
θ

θ
7. Work out the gradient of each line:

a) b) c) d)

Page 35 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 8. Write as a percentage:
15 4
a) 0.4 b) c) 1.3 d)
50 5

9. Share £145 in the ratio 2 : 3

10. Sara works out the length of x

Explain her mistake.
x 9cm
sin(36°) = 9

x = sin(36°) × 9 36°
x cm
x = 5.3cm

11. What do the interior angles of a regular octagon add up to?

12. What does it mean if a shape is regular?

13. It takes 4 people 3 hours to complete a task.

If there were 8 people, how long would it take them to complete the same task?

14. Work out the equation of each line:

12 14
a) b)
10 12
10
8
8
6 6
4 4
2 2

-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 -2
-2 -4
-4 -6
-6 -8

15. Work out 2 of 1 3

5 4
16. The exterior angle of a regular polygon is 18°. How many sides does it have?

17. Which of these vectors moves a shape 5 places to the right?

0 5 -5 0
a) 5 b) 0 c) 0 d) -5

18. What is the product of a number and its reciprocal?

Page 36 9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry www.MathsPad.co.uk

 year 9 curriculum

GCSE HIGHER
chapter 6
pythagoras & trigonometry

[Recommended Time : 12 - 15 hours]

The diagrams in this chapter are not drawn to scale, unless otherwise indicated.

Contents

Warm Up: Pre - requisite Number Skills Review Page 2

Pythagoras' Theorem (1) : Finding the Hypotenuse Page 4
Pythagoras' Theorem (2) : Finding Shorter Sides Page 6
Pythagoras' Theorem (3) : Mixed Practice Page 8
Pythagorean Triples & The Converse Page 10
Pythagoras Puzzles extra
challenge Page 11
The Distance Between 2 Points extra
challenge Page 12
3D Distances extra
challenge Page 14
Mixed Pythagoras Review Page 16
Trigonometry: Naming Sides in Right Angled Triangles Page 17
History of Trigonometry Page 18
Finding Lengths (Sine) Page 19
Finding Lengths (Cosine) Page 20
Finding Lengths (Tan) Page 21
Finding Lengths (Sin, Cos or Tan?) Page 22
Using Sin, Cos & Tan Page 23
Finding Angles Page 25
Angles of Elevation & Depression Page 27
Pythag & Trigonometry Code Breaker Page 28
Proving Similarity with Pythagoras & Trig extra
challenge Page 29
1 extra
Area of Any Triangle : 2
absin(c) challenge Page 31
Chapter Review Page 33
Cumulative Review (Chapters 1 - 6) Page 35

Items marked Review were covered in the book 1 / 2 curriculum and may be omitted.

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

Page 1 www.MathsPad.co.uk
Answers
 warm up : pre - requisite number skills Review

recall

Square Numbers : the result of squaring an integer.

32 is pronounced '3 squared' and the result is a square number.
The first 15 square numbers are 1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100,121,144,169,196,225.

: Square Root Symbol

This symbol is the inverse of squaring. If we write 196 , we are asking for the
number that squares to make 196. So 196 = 14

Surd : when we square root a non - square number, the answer is a decimal that
continues forever with no repeating pattern. This is an irrational number called a surd.
10 is a surd because 10 is not a square number, 10 = 3.16227766.....

Exact Answer : we can leave the answer to a question as a surd, e.g. 17 .

This tells us the length exactly and is considered an 'exact answer'.
The opposite is a rounded answer, which is not exact as some value is lost.

Decimal Places : when rounding a decimal number, the number of digits after the
decimal place is the number of decimal places. To round 45.67 to 1 decimal place
we need to decide if the number is closer to 45.6 or 45.7
In this case the answer is 45.7. If the next digit
is 5 or more,
exercise 6a round up

1. Which number has 2 decimal places?

a) 0.46 b) 0.046 c) 4.6 d) 0.406 e) 0.460

2. Round each number to 1 decimal place:

a) 8.23 8.2 b) 0.655 0.7 c) 150.078 150.1 d) 2.99 3.0

3. Round each number to 2 decimal places:

a) 15.348 15.35 b) 0.4621 0.46 c) 8.0351 8.04 d) 16.295 16.30

4. Work out the following, without a calculator:

a) 42 16 d) 92 81 g) 72 49 j) 169 13

b) 121 11 e) 144 12 h) 25 5 k) 225 15

c) 52 25 f) 1 1 i) 0 0 l) 142 196

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

Page 2 www.MathsPad.co.uk
Answers
 5. Use your calculator to work out the following. Round your answers to 1 decimal place.

a) 12 3.5 c) 2 1.4 e) 1000 31.6 g)

15 1.5
7

b) 15 3.9 d) 8 2.8 f) 6.5 2.5 h) 180 - 35 12.0

6. Without using a calculator, which of these will be an integer? Select all that apply.

a) 14 b) 15 c) 16 d) 17 e) 18

7. Given the area, work out the side length of each square, to 1 decimal place:

a) b) c) d)
40cm2 ? 169cm2 ? 50cm2 ?
6cm 36cm2 ?

6.3cm
13cm 7.1cm
8. Without a calculator, calculate the following:

a) 32 + 42 25 c) 42 + 52 41 e) (32 )2 81

b) 92 - 82 17 d) 102 - 12 99 f) 12 + 22 + 32 14

9. Without a calculator, calculate the following:

a) 9 + 16 7 c) 100 - 49 3 e) 16 × 16 16

b) 144 × 4 24 d) 16 - 25 -1 f) 25 × 25 25

7. Without using a calculator, decide whether each of the following is a surd or an integer:

a) 81 Integer c) 45 Surd e) 12 g) 36
Surd Integer

b) 80 Surd d) 49 Integer f) 11 Surd h) 120 Surd

10. True or false?

a) 32 + 42 = 52 True d) 62 + 82 = 102 True

b) 42 + 52 = 62 False e) 52 + 122 = 132 True

c) 62 + 72 = 82 False f) 12 + 12 = 22 False

11. Can you find a pair of square numbers that add up to another square number?
eg. 9 + 16 = 25

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

Page 3 www.MathsPad.co.uk
Answers
 pythagoras' theorem (1): finding the hypotenuse

learn by heart

Hypotenuse : the side opposite the right angle.

It is the longest side in a right angled triangle. c2
Pythagoras' Theorem: for any right angled triangle, c
2
the squares on the two shorter sides add up to the a a
square on the hypotenuse.
This can be summarised as: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 , where b
a and b are the shorter sides in a right angled triangle.
b2
example

Work out the missing side x.

Round your answer to 1 decimal place.
If we know the area of the
x square is 369, we can find the
12 152 + 122 = x 2 square root of 369 ( 369 ) to
369 = x 2 work out the length of the
15 19.2 = x hypotenuse

exercise 6b

1. In each triangle, state which side is the hypotenuse, if it has one.

a) b) c)
d
h
c g
a
e f
i
b

d) e) f)
q
n
j k
p
m o r

g) h) i) z
u s v w
x y
t x

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

Page 4 www.MathsPad.co.uk
Answers
 2. Find the length of the hypotenuse, correct to 1 decimal place.
a) b) c) 7cm
10.4cm
?
7.8cm ? 10cm ?
6cm 8cm 10.6cm
3cm
5cm

d) e) 15cm f)
8cm
8cm
10cm ?
? 6cm ?
16.2cm 11.3cm
6cm

3. Find the length marked x in each diagram,

to 1 decimal place if necessary:
x
a) 10 b)
14
x
8 9
13cm

16 10cm 12

c) d) 12
9
6

x
11.7cm 8
6
18.4cm
x
8 7

4. The diagonal of a shape is the length from one corner to the opposite corner.
Work out the length of the diagonals of each shape. Round your answers to 1 d.p.
Two
a) b) c) different
6m diagonal
lengths
8m 5m
4m
8.9m
3m 4.2m 9m
4m 7.2m and 9.8m

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

Page 5 www.MathsPad.co.uk
Answers
 pythagoras' theorem (2): finding shorter sides

example

Work out the missing side x.

Round your answer to 1 decimal place.
10
102 + x 2 = 162 To find a
x shorter side
16 x 2 = 156
x = 12.5 you will need
to subtract

exercise 6c

1. Work out the missing side labelled x in each diagram.

Round your answers to 1 decimal place.

24cm
a) b) c)
16.1cm

29cm 8cm
x x 40cm

18cm
20cm 32cm
21cm

2. Find the length marked x in each diagram:

a) b) 26cm
6cm

13cm x
x 30cm
24cm
5cm 18cm
8cm

3. Work out the perimeter of each shape, to 1 decimal place if necessary:

a) 5cm b) c)
6cm

13cm
24cm 4cm
30cm 26cm
5cm 22cm
64cm

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

Page 6 www.MathsPad.co.uk
Answers
 4. Work out the height of each of these triangles, marked x in each diagram,
to 1 decimal place:

a) b) c)

14cm 10cm
x
x
x 30cm

17cm
20cm
x = 8cm
x = 9.8cm x = 8.7cm

x
5. Work out the length marked x
in this diagram:
13

x = 16 20

6
6. Work out the length marked x
in this diagram:

17
26
x = 15

x
24

extra
more challenging challenge

7. Work out the length marked x 8. The diagram shows a square.

in this diagram, to 1 decimal place. The diagonal length of the square
is 20cm. Work out its side length,
to 1 decimal place.

x
20
30

x = 21.2 x = 14.1
9. Can you find an isosceles right angled triangle where all the side lengths are integers?
This is impossible.

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

Page 7 www.MathsPad.co.uk
Answers
 pythagoras' theorem (3): mixed practice

learn by heart

To find the length of the hypotenuse, add To find the length of a shorter side, subtract
the squares of the shorter side lengths, then the square of the other shorter side length
square root. from the length of the hypotenuse, then
square root.

exercise 6d

1. Work out the missing side labelled x in each diagram.

Round your answers to 1 decimal place.

a) b) c)
6cm x cm
x cm 12cm
5cm 8cm 16
9.4 x cm
10 20cm
8cm

d) e) f)
5cm 10cm
x cm 89cm
7.1
9cm 10.3 x cm 7cm 79.5
x cm 40cm

g) h) i)
48cm x cm x cm 9cm
6cm
6.9 12.7
112cm 101.2 3.4cm x cm

2. Work out the perimeter of this triangle. 3. Work out the area of this triangle.

6cm
26cm
10cm
8cm
24cm
120cm2

4. Explain why we could not use Pythagoras' theorem ?

to find the hypotenuse of this triangle: Not right
4
angled
6

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

Page 8 www.MathsPad.co.uk
Answers
 5. Work out the value of x, to 1 decimal place if necessary
a) b)
17cm
x cm
x cm
3cm
12cm
3cm
15.8cm
4cm
13cm 5cm

6. Work out the perimeter of 7. The diagram shows a triangle

this isosceles triangle: 50cm inside a rectangle.
Work out the area of the rectangle:
5cm

24cm 15cm 20cm

300cm2
16cm
8. These two triangles are similar.
9. Work out the perimeter.
Work out the length of x.
22.5cm Round your answer to the nearest 0.1cm.

x
32.5cm
4cm

3cm 13.5cm 12cm

10. The diagram shows a square inside a square. 8cm

The corners of the inner square are
at the midpoints of the outside square.
Work out the area of the smaller square.
32cm2

very challenging extra

challenge 12. The ratio of a : b is 1 : 5.
Work out the lengths of a and b to
11. Work out the 1 decimal place. a = 10.2
value of x, 20cm b = 51.0
correct to 1 x
52
decimal place. a
8.9cm 2x
b

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

Page 9 www.MathsPad.co.uk
Answers
 pythagorean triples & the converse

learn by heart

Pythagorean Triple: a set of 3 integers that follow the rule a 2 + b 2 = c 2

For example: 3,4,5 or 6,8,10

Converse of Pythagoras' theorem: if the sides of a triangle follow

the rule a 2 + b 2 = c 2 , then it is right angled.

exercise 6e

1. Decide if each set of numbers is a Pythagorean Triple:

a) 5, 12, 13 Yes c) 7, 9, 15 No e) 10, 24, 26 Yes

b) 10, 15, 20 No d) 8, 15 , 17 Yes f) 3, 4, 7 No

2. These triangles are not drawn to scale. Decide if each triangle is right angled or not:

a) c) e) 15
10 15
Yes 10
6 17 Yes
8
6 No
8
12
b) d) f)
24 30
9 Yes
10 15
7 No No
10

3. Prove that triangle ABD is right angled. 4. Prove that ABC is right angled.
9cm B
2
BD = 37 - 35 2
B
A BD = 12
37cm 92 + 122 = 152
12 12cm
15cm
C A C
D 35cm 9cm 16cm
AB = 92 + 122 = 15
A 9 B BC = 122 + 162 = 20
5. ABCD is a trapezium. Prove that
triangle BCD is right angled. 152 + 202 = 252
20
12
15
152 + 202 = 252
D C
25

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

Page 10 www.MathsPad.co.uk
Answers
 Match the cards to the side lengths of the
Pythagoras Puzzles extra
challenge
right - angled triangles. Use each card once only.

A
5 4 4 5
10
6 12
3 5 6
8 13 5
7 8

8 12
26 25 8
24 17
15 24
24 7
15 24 26
10

B
41 2 2
5 13
2
2 4 3 3

3 5
29 4 4

5 5
11 8
3 5
4 5 6
17
6 9
8 9
7

C
11 8 3
17 3 12 37
11 12
5
8 5 4
4 37

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

Page 11 www.MathsPad.co.uk
Answers
 extra
the distance between 2 points challenge

learn by heart
A B
We can find the horizontal distance between two points
(3,4) (8,4)
by looking at the difference in their x co - ordinates.

We can find the vertical distance between two points by The horizontal distance
looking at the difference in their y co - ordinates. between these points is 5
We can use Pythagoras to find the diagonal distance units (8 - 3 = 5)
between two points.

example

Find the distance between the co - ordinates (3,5) and (8,9), correct to 1 decimal place.

10
1 Draw a quick sketch of where these co - ordinates are.

8 2 Add in a right angled triangle

4
6 3 Work out the horizontal & vertical distances
4 5 (vertical : 9 - 5 = 4) (horizontal: 8 - 3 = 5)

2 4 Use Pythagoras to work out the diagonal length

42 + 52 = diagonal2
2 4 6 8 10 41 = diagonal2
41 = diagonal = 6.4

exercise 6f

1. Work out the distance, to 1 decimal place, between each pair of co - ordinates:
a) 6 b) 6 c) 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1

3.6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
5 4.1
d) 3 e) 3 f) 3
2 2 2
1 1 1

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3
-1 -1 -1
-2 -2 -2
4.2 -3
-3 3.6 -3 7.2

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 2. Work out the distance, to 1 d.p., between the co - ordinates (0,4) and (8,12) 11.3

3. Work out the distance, to 1 d.p., between the co - ordinates (2,6) and (-4,10) 7.2

4. Work out the distance to 1 d.p, between the co - ordinates (-3,5) and (4,-7) 13.9

5. Is this an isosceles triangle? 6. Is this shape a rhombus?

Show how you decide. Show how you decide.
4 4

3 3

4.5 2 2

1 1

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1 -1
5 6.1
-2 -2

-3 -3

-4 -4
No, sides all different lengths Yes, all sides have equal length 13 (3.6)

7. Is this an equilateral triangle? 8. Is this a kite?

Show how you decide. Show how you decide.
4 4

3 3

29 = 5.4 2 2

1 1 10 =
5 5
3.2
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1 -1

-2 -2
26 = 5.1 5 - 10 =
-3 3
3.2
-4 -4

No, sides all different lengths Yes, two pairs of adjacent

sides equal
9. The diagram shows a line 13cm long.
13 (15,10)
Work out the value of a.
5
a = 3 (a,5) 12

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 extra
3d distances challenge

learn by heart

The distance between two points covering a 3D F

distance can be calculated by c 2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 E G
H

example
4cm
The diagram shows a cuboid, ABCDEFGH.
Calculate the distance AG.
B
ACG is a right angled triangle. A C
3cm D 7cm
AC2 = 32 + 72 AG2 = AC2 + GC2
AC2 = 58 AG2 = 58 + 16 You can use pythagoras twice to
AC = 58 = 7.6 AG = 74 find the diagonal length. You
AG = 8.6 would get the same result if you
think AG2 = 32 + 72 + 42

exercise 6g

1. Work out the distance AG in this 2. Work out the distance CH in this
cuboid, correct to 1 decimal place. cuboid, correct to 1 decimal place.

B
C
A
D C B
D
2cm
A F
10cm
E
6cm G
E F 9cm
G H
4cm
H 5cm
11.9cm
11cm

C
3. Work out the distance ED in this
cube, correct to 1 decimal place. B
D
12.1cm A
7cm
F
E
G
H

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 4. The diagram shows a square based
X
pyramid. The top of the pyramid, X, is
directly above the centre of the square
base, O. The height OX is 10cm.
Y is the midpoint of the side CD.
10
a) Work out the length of XY, B
correct to 1 decimal place. 10.4cm
C
A O
b) Work out the length of XC, Y
correct to 1 decimal place. 6cm 6cm
10.9cm D

5. The diagram shows a rectangle based

X
pyramid. The top of the pyramid, X, is
directly above the centre of the square
base, O. The height OX is 8cm.
Y is the midpoint of the side AB. 8 C
B
a) Work out the length of XY, 6cm
correct to 1 decimal place. 11.3cm O
Y
D
b) Work out the length of XB, A
correct to 1 decimal place. 11.7cm 16cm

more challenging

6. The diagonal of this cuboid is exactly 7. The diagonal of this cuboid is exactly
7cm long. Can you work out the height 15cm long. Can you work out the
of the cuboid, marked x? width of the cuboid, marked x?
x = 3cm x = 11cm

x cm 2cm

2cm
6cm 10cm x cm

8. The diagonal of this cuboid is exactly

13cm long. All the sides of the cuboids are x cm
integers. The ratio of x : y is 1 : 4
Can you work out the length, width x = 3,
and height of the cuboid? y = 12
z = 4 z cm y cm

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 mixed pythagoras review

exercise 6h

1. Work out x in each triangle, correct to 1 decimal place:

8cm 13cm
a) b) c)
9cm
6cm 5cm
x cm 5cm x cm
10cm
x cm 7.5cm 12cm
d) e) f)

8.3cm 17cm 15cm 20cm

4cm
x cm
9cm x cm
x cm
9.2cm 8cm 17.9cm

2. Explain why we cannot use

Pythagoras' Theorem to work out the value of x: 15 x
100°
This is not a right angled triangle
24
3. Is this triangle right angled?
Explain your answer. 15
12
yes because 92 + 122 = 152
9
4. Work out the value of x, to 1 decimal place, in each diagram:

a) b) x 13.7cm
6cm 26cm
x cm 6.5
15
8cm
24cm 2.5
5. Work out the area of this triangle: 6. Work out the straight - line distance
between the points with coordinates
120cm2
(4, 5) and (12, 20).
17cm
17

30cm

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 trigonometry: naming sides in right angled triangles

learn by heart

Hypotenuse : is the longest side, opposite the right angle

53°
hypotenuse
Opposite : is opposite the angle to be used
adjacent
Adjacent : is next to the angle to be used
opposite

exercise 6i

1. In each triangle, label the opposite, adjacent and hypotenuse

a) b) c)
O
O
H A A 59° H
O
48°
44° H
A

d) e) A f)
54°
60° A
H
A O
H O
57°
O
H

g) h) i)
A
66°
H
H H 64° A
47°
O O
O A

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 History of Trigonometry
In ancient times, astronomers were
interested in the movements of the
'wandering stars' across the night sky. 1

θ
They wanted to know and predict the
positions of the planets to help with time
keeping and navigation.

They knew the planets moved in circles and hence

many of their calculations involved finding the
lengths of chords in circles.

Ancient mathematicians such as Hipparchus and

Ptolemy created tables of chords to help
astronomers with their calculations.

The unit circle is a standard circle with a radius of 1. 1

sine
In this circle the length of the side opposite the angle
shown was called the 'sine' and the adjacent was the θ
'cosine'. cosine

We no longer use tables of chords to work out the lengths of sine and
cosine for different angles - we can use our calculators!
1
If you press sin(40) on your calculator, it will give you the length of 0.6427...
the opposite side in the unit triangle (the radius is 1). 40°
0.7660...
If you press cos(40), you will get the length of the adjacent.

questions

1. To 3 decimal places, write down the value of: 2. To 3 decimal places,

work out the lengths
of a,b,c and d.
a) sin(0) 0 g) cos(5) 0.996

b) sin(1) 0.017 h) cos(10) 0.985

0.766
1 a
c) sin(45) 0.707 i) cos(45) 0.707
50°
d) sin(60) 0.866 j) cos(60) 0.5 10
b
0.643 c
e) sin(88) 0.999 k) cos(88) 0.035
7.660
f) sin (90) 1 l) cos(90) 50°
0
6.428 d

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 finding lengths: sine

learn by heart example

Work out the missing side length:

sinθ =
opposite O
hypotenuse ? = opposite 15
S × H ? = sin(39) × 15
?
39°
? = 9.44 (2 d.p.)
exercise 6j

1. Work out the missing length in each triangle.

Find your answers jumbled at the bottom (rounded to 2 d.p.).

a) b) c)
47°
54°
? 14.83cm 4cm 42°
? 8cm
5.85cm ? 5.98cm
12cm

d) e) f)
5.03cm 56°
67°
?
? ?
6.5cm 5.39cm 3.26cm 3cm
34°
9cm

g) h) i)
8.78cm 14cm 6cm
? 69° 56°
61°
29° ?
3.36cm 34°
?
8.2cm
12.24cm

3.26cm 12.24cm 3.36cm 5.85cm

5.98cm 5.39cm 14.83cm 8.78cm 5.03cm

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 finding lengths: cosine

learn by heart example

Work out the missing side length:

cosθ =
adjacent A
15
hypotenuse ? = adjacent
C × H ? = cos(39) × 15 39°
? = 11.66 (2 d.p.)
exercise 6k ?

1. Work out the missing length in each triangle.

Find your answers jumbled at the bottom (rounded to 2 d.p.).

a) ? 6.16cm b) c)

52°
4cm 8.07cm
? 57° ?
10cm 7.34cm
43°
5.9cm

d) 22° e) f) 3cm
59°
12cm ? 53°
9.15cm 15.2cm
? ?
11.13cm 5.82cm

8.7cm 6.5cm 48°

g) h) i)
31°
?
5.90cm ?
49° ?
59° 9.71cm
10.15cm
9cm
42°

5.82cm 6.16cm 10.15cm 8.07cm

5.90cm 9.71cm 11.13cm 7.34cm 9.15cm

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 finding lengths: tan

learn by heart example

Work out the missing side length:

tanθ = opposite O
adjacent ? = opposite ?
T × A ? = tan(39) × 8 39°
? = 6.48 (2 d.p.)
exercise 6l 8

1. Work out the missing length in each triangle.

Find your answers jumbled at the bottom (rounded to 2 d.p.).
a) b) c)
8.90cm
? 8.10cm
? 44°
9cm 6cm
48° 34° 4.5cm

?
4.35cm

d) e) 11.73cm f)
?

50°
6.5cm
?
? 61° 8.64cm
11.15cm 53°

8.4cm
10.3cm
g) h) i)
4.10cm
45° ? 12.8cm 7.1cm
56° 30° ?
? 5.2cm 60°
7.71cm 12.8cm

4.10cm 11.73cm 8.10cm 7.71cm

8.64cm 4.35cm 12.8cm 8.90cm 11.15cm

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 finding lengths: sin,cos or tan?

examples

Work out the length of x correct to 1 decimal place: Work out the length of x correct to 1
decimal place:
First label the sides, 8 is O and x is A
H 15 is H and x is O x A The tan ratio
50°
15cm 42°
The sine ratio relates O and H, relates O and A,
8
O
x 8
so sin(50°) = 15 so tan(42°) = x

x sin(50°) × 15 = x x = 8 ÷ tan(42°)
O
x = 11.5cm x = 8.9cm

exercise 6m

1. Work out the missing side lengths correct to 1 decimal place.

Match your answers to those at the bottom.
?
a) b) c)
8cm
7.5cm 6cm
39° 49° 10cm 57°
? 6.2cm ? 11.0cm

d) e) ? 5.6cm f)
8cm
42° 12.8cm
? 35°
5cm ?
5.6cm 6cm
28°

g) h) 12cm i) 4.9cm
4cm
? 6cm ?
5.5cm
36° ? 39°
17.0cm 45°

5.6cm 5.5cm 4.9cm 7.5cm 5.6cm 12.8cm 11.0cm 6.2cm 17.0cm

2. Work out the length of x, correct to 1 decimal place:

a) b) x cm
5.8 50° 15.7
44° 46°
40°
6 cm x cm
12 cm

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 using sin, cos, tan

example

Work out the area of the triangle, Split the triangle in half
correct to 1 d.p.
Using sin(50) = x , 50° 15cm
15 y cm
15cm x = 11.5cm
100° x cm
Using cos(50) = y , y = 9.6
15

Area of original triangle = 23 × 9.6 = 110.4cm2

2

exercise 6n

1. Work out the area of each shape, correct to 1 decimal place:

a) b)

63° 32°

5cm
8cm
16.3cm2 5.6cm2

c) d)

84° 9cm 48°

22cm

134.4cm2 30.1cm2

e) f)
8cm
9cm
100°
112°

68°

14cm
96.5cm2 81.7cm2

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 2. In each diagram, work out the value of x, correct to 1 decimal place:

A B

72°
x 35°

10cm
30° 48°
6cm
x
21.0cm 9.4cm

C D

12cm
34° 48°
x
x
49°
63°

20cm
11.4cm 7.8cm

3. In this triangle, the ratio of the 4. In this triangle, the ratio of the
angles a,b and c is 1 : 2 : 3 angles a:c is 2 : 3
The length of AC is 18cm. The length of AB is 10cm.
Work out the length of AB to 1 d.p. Work out the length of BC to 1 d.p.

B B
7.3cm
b 20.8cm 10cm

c
c a C
a A
C A
18cm

8m
5. An 8m ladder is placed against a wall.
The angle between the ladder and the floor is 65°.
65°
How far away from the wall is the foot of the ladder?
Round your answer to 1 decimal place. 3.4m ?

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 finding angles

learn by heart

To calculate an angle, we need to use the inverse sin, cos or tan functions.
For example, if we know that cosθ = 0.4, we can use cos-1 (0.4) to work out the value of θ.

examples

Work out the angle θ, to 1 decimal place: Work out the angle θ, to 1 decimal place:
sinθ = o 5cm A tanθ = o
h a
θ 12cm 9 θ 6
sinθ = tanθ =
H 12 6cm 5

θ = sin -1
9 O θ = tan -1
6
12 5
9cm
O θ = 48.6° θ = 50.2°

exercise 6o

1. Work out the angles marked θ in these triangles, correct to the nearest degree.
Match your answers to those at the bottom.

a) b) 5cm c) 4cm
9cm θ
θ 3cm 11cm
θ
6cm 48° 59° 69°

d) e) f)
12cm 8cm
θ
5cm θ 16cm 10cm
θ
6cm
7cm
25° 66° 37°
g) h) i)
10.2cm 4.8cm
6.8cm
θ
θ 3.7cm
13.1cm θ
5.1cm
51° 53° 40°

59° 53° 25° 48° 51° 66° 69° 40° 37°

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 A
2. Work out acute angle ABC 1.2cm
to 1 decimal place. 1.6cm
C 36.9°

3. For the triangle to the right, 4

4
why is this calculation not correct? θ = cos-1 10
θ

It is not a right - angled triangle. 10

4. In the diagram, AE and BD are A

straight lines. 7cm
3cm
C
Work out the size of obtuse B D
38°
angle CED, correct to the
nearest degree. 117° E

5. Work out the size of angle BCD 12cm

A B
to the nearest degree.

8cm
58°
D C
17cm

6. For the triangle to the right, which calculations are correct? Select all that apply.

12 5 13
a) θ = sin-1 13
b) θ = cos-1 12
5 θ
5 5
c) θ = tan -1
12
d) θ = sin -1
13
12

7. Work out angle θ, to 1 d.p. 8. Work out angle θ, to 1 d.p.

46.4°
12cm θ
29
21 97.2°

θ
18cm
20

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 angles of elevation & depression object

learn by heart
angle of elevation
Angle of Elevation : the angle created from horizontal
the horizontal when we look up at an object.

Angle of Depression : the angle created from the horizontal when we look down at an object.

example

A tourist wants to work out the height of Big Ben.

She stands 100m away and looks up at Big Ben.
The angle of elevation is 43°.
How tall is Big Ben to the nearest metre?
O
height = opposite
o = tan(43) × 100
o = 93m
A

exercise 6p

1. Tracey stands on top of a cliff

overlooking a lake. She sees a
small boat. The cliff is 80m high.
The angle of depression of the boat
is 44°. Work out the horizontal
distance between the boat and the
?
cliff to 1 decimal place.
82.8m
2. Paul is sailing a small boat towards 3. A man is stood on the floor and
some cliffs. He looks up at the top of looks up at the top of a tree.
the cliffs and the angle of elevation of The angle of elevation is 60°
is 35°. The boat is 140m away from the The tree is 8 metres high.
cliffs (horizontally). How tall are the cliffs How many metres from the foot
to the nearest metre? of the tree is the man, to 1 d.p.?
4.6m

98m

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 Pythag & Trigonometry code box

Code Breaker 3.3 = 12 = 18.2 = 48.0 =

eggs find cat always
Work out x in each diagram to 1 d.p.
Find your answer in the code box 4.5 = 13.5 = 19.1 = 57.8 =
and fill in the words to reveal a joke! jam telling survey jokes?

7.0 = 14.5 = 20 = 59.9 =

crack They cold made
x
10 =
8 A ________ Why 8.1 = 14.8 = 25.6 = 62 =
other are window journey
6
8.6 = 15.2 = 28.1 = 75.8 =
at bad ladder and
x B
16
14.8 =
________ are
9.2 = 16 = 35.8 = 90 =
6 maze top dice up!

eggs
10 = 17.4 = 37.2 = 92.1 =
5 3.3 =
________ Why each can place.
x C
42°
10
x
15.2 =
I
48.0 =
________ ° always
bad
52° 9 x
________
D

12
x
7.0 = crack
x
8 8.6 =
________ at
62° J ________
E 47° 15

44°
10 K 17.4 = each
13.5 =
________ telling 25 46°
x ________
F
x 48°
10
15 54° L
57.8 = 8.1 = other
° jokes?
x ________
G ________ x
8

5 13
12 H x 14.5 =
________ They x 90 °
________ = up!
M
56°
12

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 extra
proving similarity with pythagoras & trig challenge

recall

We can check for similarity in triangles by looking to see if they have two (and hence three)
identical angles (AAA), or if the ratio between all three corresponding sides is the same.

We can now use Pythagoras and trigonometry to find missing sides and angles in triangles,
which can help us to prove similarity. Indeed because of Pythagoras we can also test for
similarity in a right angled triangle by just checking that the ratio of one side to the
hypotenuse stays the same, as this will guarantee all three sides are in the same ratio.

example

Prove that triangles ABC and DEF are similiar.

E
Acute angle BAC = A
60°
8
cos-1 = 60° 16cm
16 12cm
8cm
∴ Both triangles have angles
90°, 60° and 30° and are C F
B
hence similar (AAA). D

exercise 6p

1. Prove that each pair of triangles are similar:

A Sides all in ratio 1 : 1.5 B Both isosceles

6
A with angles D E
E
90,45,45 (AAA) 45°
A 2
10 15
B
8 45°
12
2 45°
C
B 6 45°
F C
D 9 F

C E D E
B 5
4 4
60°
D
A
45° F
60° 10 1
A 1 D
F
All sides in
30° (AAA) - 45° C ratio 1:4, or
90,30,60 B
C 2 AAA

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 E C F D

40°
12 16.8 F
80° B
E 60°
16
13
A
8
7
5 18.2 40°
80°
B E
Ratio of all
corresponding C 60°
D AAA
sides is 1 :1.4 F

G H

68° 68°
8 60°
8 60° 68° 68°
60° 60°
60° 60°
8 44°
44°
All sides equal implies all
angles equal in a triangle AAA
AAA

I J
10

5
6 52
9 117
6 61 12 244

4
All sides in ratio 1 : 2
6
All sides in ratio 1 : 1.5

2. These two triangles are similar. 3. These triangles are not drawn
The side AC corresponds with DE. to scale. Prove that they
Work out the length of x.
are not similar.
A D 21

58°
8 14
13 B
x 5 30°
A
C
B
12
Triangle A has a
E right angle
297 F

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 1 extra
area of any triangle: 2
absin(c) challenge

learn by heart
a
1
The area of any triangle is 2
absin(C)

b
This works for all triangles - they don't have to be right angled. C
The angle 'C' must be 'trapped' between sides a and b

example

Work out the area of the triangle, to 1 d.p.

1 15cm
2
× 15 × 12 × sin(77) 77°
= 87.7cm2 12cm

exercise 6p

1. Work out the area of each triangle, to 1 decimal place:

8cm
a) b) c)
5cm
6cm
37° 60° 98°

5cm
8cm
13.0cm2 31.7cm2

12.0cm2
d) e) f)
10cm 12cm
6cm
47°
7cm 66°
292°
61°
7cm 2 33.3cm2 53.5cm2
19.5cm

g) h) i)
290° 7cm
15cm 2
15cm

5cm

72.3cm2 21.2cm2
6cm

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 2. Work out the area of each shape, correct to 1 decimal place:
49.1cm2 54.4cm2
a) 48.3cm2 b) c)

5cm
125° 115°
131° 5cm
12cm
8cm 12cm
2
d) e) 16cm 392.8cm f)
11.5cm2 13cm 60° 103.2cm2
56° 52°
8cm

21cm
46°

2cm 12cm 5cm

20cm

3. Work out the area of this pentagon, 4. The diagram shows a regular
to 1 decimal place: octagon. The diagonals of the octagon
are 10cm long. Work out the area
49.2cm2 of the octagon.
7cm

70.7cm2
150° 150° 45°

4cm

proof
a
1
Prove that the area of any triangle is 2
absin(C) using the fact
1
that the area of a triangle is × base × perpendicular height
2 C b

1. Draw in the 2. Write an expression for 3. Write an expression for the

perpendicular height the height: area:
a 1 ×
h area = base × height
2
a
h C b = 1 × b × sin(C) × a
2
sin(C) = h
C b
a = 1 absin(C)
h = sin(C) × a 2

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 chapter review

exercise 6q

1. Work out the missing information for each triangle, to 1 d.p.

a) b) b cm c) 1.5cm

4cm
3cm
2.4cm c° 2cm
38°
a cm
5.1 48.6
1.8

d) e) f)
59° 7.5cm fm

11mm 1.4m
e mm
d cm 58° 4.8m
6.4 5.8 5

2. Anna is trying to work out the length marked x.

Here is her working.
What mistake has she made? 13cm 5cm
x = 13 + 5
2 2 2

x2 = 169 + 25 x cm
x = 194
2

Anna has added instead of subtracting

x= 194 = 13.9 (1 d.p.)

3. Jeremy has copied this triangle incorrectly. 4. Work out the area of this triangle:
How do you know he's made a mistake?
The longest side is not
B
opposite the right angle.
15
8 10cm
A 6cm
Missing length =
12 8cm by Pythagoras
C
1
2
× 6 × 8 = 24cm2

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Answers
 5. In the triangle below, work out BC 6. In the triangle below, work out ABC
to 1 decimal place: to 1 decimal place.
A
A
1.2cm
1.6cm
B
4.2cm C 36.9°
55° 7.3cm B
C

7. Decide if each triangle is right angled or not:

a) b) 8 c)
8
6 13
5
No 5
10 Yes 15
12 Yes

8. Work out the length 9. Work out the length CD to 1 d.p:

marked x to 1 d.p.:
D
7.8 ( 61 )
6 54°
C 6.5cm
x
8cm
3

4 A B
12cm

more challenging extra

challenge

10. Work out the distance between the 11. The diagram shows a cuboid.
points with coordinates (4, 5) and Work out the length of CH to 1 d.p.
(8, -3), correct to 1 d.p.
6 C
5 B
4 8.9
D
3 3cm
2 A F
1
E
-1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 G
5cm
-2 10cm
H
-3
-4 11.6cm

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 cumulative review (chapters 1 - 6)

exercise 6r

1
1. Which point is on the line y = 2
x?

1
a) (3,6) b) (6,3) c) (0,2) d) 2
, 1

2. Which line has a negative gradient?

a) b) c) d)

3. Write the ratio 0.4 : 3.2 in simplest form. 1:8

4. Calculate the following, giving your answer in simplest form:

1 3 4 2 1 1 24
a) + 5
c) × 1 1 e) 6 ÷
2 10 3 2 4

1 1 4 2 16 2 3
b) ÷ 5 25
d) f) 1 -
5 5 25 5 5

5. Write down the value of 18 to 2 decimal places. 4.24

6. Work out θ in each diagram:

a) b) c) 108°
119°
θ
Regular
70° 91°
332° θ
40°

θ
7. Work out the gradient of each line:

a) b) c) d)

- 13 4 0 2
3

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers
 8. Write as a percentage:
15 4
a) 0.4 40% b) 30% c) 1.3 130% d) 80%
50 5

9. Share £145 in the ratio 2 : 3 £58, £87

10. Sara works out the length of x

Explain her mistake.
x 9cm she used the wrong ratio -
sin(36°) = 9 should have used cos
x = sin(36°) × 9 36°
x cm
x = 5.3cm

11. What do the interior angles of a regular octagon add up to? 1080°

12. What does it mean if a shape is regular? all sides & all angles equal

13. It takes 4 people 3 hours to complete a task. 1.5 hours

If there were 8 people, how long would it take them to complete the same task?

14. Work out the equation of each line:

12 14
a) b)
10 12
10
8
8
6 6
4 4
y = 6-x 2
2
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 -2
-2 -4
-4 -6
-6 -8
y = 3x - 4

15. Work out 2 of 1 3 7

5 4 10

16. The exterior angle of a regular polygon is 18°. How many sides does it have? 20

17. Which of these vectors moves a shape 5 places to the right?

0 5 -5 0
a) 5 b) 0 c) 0 d) -5

18. What is the product of a number and its reciprocal? 1

9H6 Pythagoras & Trigonometry

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Answers