Paramount

1111
Signals & Systems

Unique Collection of Questions with

Detailed Solutions
 PREFACE

It is our pleasure, that we insist on presenting “Paramount 1111” authored for

Electronics & Communication Engineering to all of the aspirants and career
seekers. The prime objective of this book is to respond to tremendous amount
of ever growing demand for error free, flawless and succinct but conceptually
empowered solutions to all the questions.
This book serves to the best supplement for GATE 2023 (EC).
Simultaneously having its salient features the book comprises :
 Step by step solution to all questions.
 Complete analysis of questions through concept wise.
 Solutions are presented in simple and easily understandable language.
The authors do not sense any deficit in believing that this title will in many aspects, be different
from the similar titles within the search of student.
In particular, we wish to thank GATE ACADEMY expert team members for their hard work
and consistency while designing the script.
The final manuscript has been prepared with utmost care. However, going a line that, there
is always room for improvement in anything done, we would welcome and greatly appreciate the
suggestions and corrections for further improvement.

Umesh Dhande
Vice President - Academics GATE & ESE
(UNACADEMY)
 3 Signals & Systems

Questions

Q.1 A discrete-time signal is given by the (A) The signal x(t ) will have a null
expression value at t = 2.5 msec .
n −n
 1 1 (B) The signal x(t ) will have a null
x ( n) = n  −  u ( n) *   u ( − n )
 2 4 value at t = 8 msec .
The Z-transform of x ( n) is (C) The signal x(t ) will have a null
2z value at t = 10 m sec .
(A) X ( z ) = 2
 1 (D) The signal x(t ) will have a null
( z − 4)  z + 
 2
value at t = 12 m sec .
2z
(B) X ( z ) = 2 Q.3 For a signal x ( t ) = 5sin 5t + 7 cos 6t + 3 ,
 1
( z − 4)  z +  the non-zero coefficients of exponential
 2
Fourier series are
2z2 + 2
(C) X ( z ) = 2 (A) C−6 , C−5 , C0 , C5 , C6
 1
( z − 4)  z +  (B) C−3 , C−1 , C0 , C1 , C2
 2
z+2 (C) C−2 , C−1 , C0 , C1 , C2
(D) X ( z ) = 2
 1 (D) C−4 , C−2 , C0 , C2 , C4
( z − 4)  z + 
 2 Q.4 Consider two signals x(t ) and y (t )
Q.2 The fourier transform of a real signal related as, y (t ) = x (t ) cos t .
x(t ) is shown in figure below [MSQ]
If Fourier transform of y (t ) is given as,
X (w)
Y (ω) = 2, ω ≤2
= 0, otherwise
1
Then the signal x(t ) is,
4sin t 2sin t
- 250 p 0 250 p
w (r / s) (A) (B)
πt πt
Which of the following statement(s) 4sin πt 2sin πt
is/are true? (C) (D)
πt πt
 3.2 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
Q.5 An LTI system is shown in below figure. (B) {6.5, 7, 6.5, 5}
The correct statement (s) is/are [MSQ]
(C) {5, 6.5, 6.5, 7}
x(t ) 40 y (t )
H (s) = 2
(Input) s +4 (Output) (D) {7, 5, 6.5, 6.5}

(A) x(t ) = e−4t is an eigen function Q.9 The even component of a discrete time
n
(B) x(t ) = e4t is an eigen function 1
signal x [ n] is   . If total energy of
4
(C) The eigen value will be equal to 2 if
signal x [ n] is 3J then the energy in odd
x(t ) = e4t is an eigen function
component of x [ n] is _______ J.
(D) The eigen value will not be equal to
(rounded off to two decimal places).
2 if x(t ) = e −4t is an eigen function
Q.10 Consider two continuous time signals
Q.6 The Fourier series coefficient of the time
given as x ( t ) = 5 + 4sin 4π t and
domain signal x(t ) is
n y ( t ) = 2 cos 6π t + 4sin 2π t . Another
 1
Cn =  − 
 4 signal z (t ) is given by
The fundamental frequency of the signal z ( t ) = x ( t ) ⋅ y ( t ) . If Ck represents the
is ω0 = 1 rad/sec . The signal x(t ) is Fourier series coefficients of signal
17 18 z (t ), then C−1 and C3 are respectively.
(A) (B)
15 + 8cos t 18 + 15cos t (A) 4 − 8 j , 1 (B) 0, 4 − 8 j
15 8
(C) (D) (C) 4 + 8 j , 1 (D) 1, 0
17 + 8cos t 15 + 8cos t
Q.11 Consider two continuous time signal
Q.7 The fourier transform of signal x(t )
x1 (t ) and x2 (t ) as shown in figure.
shown in figure is given by X ( jω) , then
value of X ( j 0) is If x3 (t ) = x1 (− t − 1) * x2 (− t + 2), then the
0
x(t )
value of  x (t ) dt
−∞
3 is _____ (rounded
10
off to nearest integer).
8

t
-2 0 2 4 6 8

(A) 80 (B) 70
(C) 60 (D) 50 Q.12 Consider three continuous time system
Q.8 The DFT of signal x[ n] is represented by output and input
X [k ] = {1, 2,3, 4} . Then DFT of signal relationship given as
1. y ( t ) = Even  x ( t ) 
x 2 [n] will be
(A) {6.5, 7, 6.5, 5} 2. y ( t ) = Real  x ( t ) 
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.3

d 2 y (t ) dy ( t ) t z −1 2z−2
3. 4 +t⋅ + e y (t ) = x (t ) (D) H ( z ) = z − 5 + − ,
dt 2
dt 1 + 0.5 z −1 1 − 2 z −1
Out of the given systems, linear and time 1
< z <2
variant system is/are : 2
(A) 1 only (B) 1 and 2 Q.15 Consider two continuous time right
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 1 and 3 sided signals with their Laplace
Q.13 Consider a continuous time signal x(t ) transforms.
2s + 3
shown in figure. Another signal y (t ) is X1 ( s ) =
given in terms of x(t ) as
( s + 1)( s + 2 )
3s + 1
y ( t ) = x ( −2t + 2 ) + x ( −t − 2 ) X2 (s) =
( s + 1)( s + 3)
Then value of y (t ) at t = −0.25 sec is
The ROC for  X 1 ( s ) + X 2 ( s )  is given
______. (rounded off to two decimal
places) by Re {s} > P .
x (t ) Then the value of P is ______ (rounded
off to nearest integer).
6 Q.16 The Laplace transform of signal
x(t ) = e r ( t ) , where r (t ) represents the
4
ramp signal of unity slope is
-2 2 3 4 6
t 1
(A) , Re{s} > 1
s( s − 1)
Q.14 If impulse response of a discrete time
LTI system is given by 1
(B) , Re{s} > −1
s ( s + 1)
h(n) = δ(n − 5) − (− 0.5) n u (n) − 8(2) n u (−n − 3) .
1
Then transfer function of the LTI system (C) , 0 < Re{s} < 1
s ( s − 1)
will be
(D) Does not exist
−5 1 2z2
(A) H ( z ) = z − + , Q.17 A continuous time LTI system having
1 + 0.5 z −1 1 − 2 z −1 impulse response h(t ) = δ(t + 1) + δ(t − 1)
1
< z <2 is subjected to an input x(t ) as shown in
2
figure [MSQ]
1 2z2 x(t )
(B) H ( z ) = z − 5 + + ,
1 + 0.5 z −1 1 − 2 z −1 6
1
< z <2
2
t
-2 0 2
z −1 2z −2
(C) H ( z ) = z − 5 + + ,
1 + 0.5 z −1 1 − 2 z −1 If the output produced by the system is
1 y (t ), then which of the following
< z <2
2 statement (s) is/are correct
 3.4 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
(A) The slope of y (t ) in the range (C) The shape of y (t ) is trapezoidal
−1 < t < 1 is zero d
(D) The energy of y (t ) is 36 Joules
(B) The shape of y (t ) is triangular dt
Q.18 Consider the continuous time signal x(t ) shown in figure below :
x(t )

t
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Value of its Laplace transform at s = 2 is ______. (rounded off to fourth decimal places)
Q.19 The Inverse Fourier transform of x(t ) y (t )
h(t )
d  sin 6ω .sin 3ω 
X (ω) =  is
d ω  ω
Complex exponential Fourier series
t t +6  t − 6  coefficients for output y (t ) of LTI
(A) j  rect   − rect  
4  6   6  system d n for n ≠ 0 is
−t  t +6  t − 6   nπ   nπ 
(B)  rect   − rect   (A) 16 Sa   (B) 8Sa  
2   6   6   2   2 
−t  t +6  t − 6   nπ 
(C) rect   − rect   (C) Sa   (D) 0
4   2 
 6   6 
Q.22 Consider a continuous time signal x(t )
t t +6  t − 6 
(D) j  rect   − rect   as shown in figure. If X ( s ) represents
2  6   6 
the Laplace transform of signal x(t )
Q.20 The z-transform of a causal signal x[ n]
then the value of X ( s ) at s = 1 is
is given as X ( z ) = cos(4 z −1 ) . The value
_________. (rounded off to three
of signal x[ n] at n = 4 is _______.
decimal places)
(rounded off to two decimal places) x(t )
Q.21 A continuous time periodic signal x(t )
shown in figure is applied to an LTI 4
3p
system with impulse response
2
2, t <4 p 2p
t
h(t ) =  .
0, Otherwise
x(t )
Q.23 The z-transform of signal x [ n] is given
2 by,
4 z 6 + 5z5 − 8z 4 + 2 z 2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 t X ( z) =
z 7 + 2 z6 + 5z5 + 1
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.5

The value of x [ n] for n = 3 is Q.27 A continuous time periodic signal is

(A) 4 (B) – 3 given as x (t ) = sgn (sin t ).
(C) 43 (D) – 22 Trigonometric Fourier series representa-
Q.24 The spectrum F (ω) of a continuous tion of x (t ) contains
time signal f (t ) is shown in figure (A) a0 , an and bn for n = odd
below, (B) an for bn for n = odd
F ( ω) (C) Only bn for n = odd
2 (D) Only an for n = odd
Q.28 A discrete time signal x[ n] is given as
x[ n] = {− 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, − 2} . If the
↑
ω
−4 4 discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT)
The value of integral of x[ n] is X (e jω ) , then the value of
∞ ∞
− dt 
t π
I =   f (t )e dt +  f (t )e 2  is  X (e
−t jω
integral I = ) cos 2 ω d ω is
 −∞ −∞  −π

_______. (rounded off to one decimal π π

(A) (B)
place) 8 4
Q.25 Two discrete time signals are defined as π
(C) (D) 2π
x1[n] = u [n] − u [n − 4] , x2 [n] = u [−n] 2
Impulse response of a particular system Q.29 A continuous time signal is defined as
is defined in terms of x1 [n] and x2 [n] y (t ) = tri (t ) * cos 2πt , where, *
indicates convolution. The value of
as h [n] = x1[n] ⋅ x2 [n] . ∞

The system represented by such impulse  y(t ) dt

−∞
is
response is
(A) Static, Causal and LTI (A) 0.3 (B) 0.6
(C) 0.7 (D) 0
(B) Dynamic, non causal and LTI
Q.30 The Laplace transform of the signal
(C) Dynamic, causal and LTI
shown below is
(D) Definitely not an LTI
Q.26 For the LTI system shown in figure,
x(t ) y (t )
h (t )

x(t ) = e − 4t , h (t ) = sin 2t u (t ) 0

If output of the system is given as 1

(A)
y (t ) = Ae −4t , then the value of A is Ts 2
_______ (rounded off to one decimal 1 − e −Ts
(B)
place). 2(1 − e −Ts /2 )
 3.6 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®

1 e −Ts Q.34 Two discrete-time periodic signals with

(C) −
Ts 2 s (1 − e −Ts ) Fourier coefficients ck and d k

e −Ts respectively and fundamental periods

(D) 2 N1 = 4 and N 2 = 6 are convolved in
Ts (1 − e −Ts )
Q.31 The Z-transform of signal x[ n] is given time domain. The Fourier coefficients of
its resultant signals is
as
(A) 6 ck d k (B) 4 ck d k
 1 
X ( z ) = ln 
1 − az 
−1 (C) 12 ck d k (D) 10 ck d k

Which of the following does not Q.35 The transfer function of a system is
represent signal x[ n] H ( z ) = 1 + 2 z −1 − 3 z −2 + 2 z −3 + z −4 . Then
an h ( n) is
(A) u [n − 1]
n (A) Symmetric and has Linear phase
∞
ak (B) Anti-symmetric and has Linear
(B)  δ [n − k ] phase
k =1 k
(C) Symmetric and Non linear phase
an (D) Anti-symmetric and Non linear
(C) u [n − 1]
n! phase
a2 Q.36 The fourier transform of signal x (t ) is
(D) aδ [n − 1] +
δ [n − 2] + .....∞
2 shown in figure. Consider a signal g (t ),
Q.32 Consider following statements about a which is related with x (t ) as
continuous time signal f (t ) ,
g (t ) = x (t ) + x(t )
1. f (t )u (t ) = f (t )
The value of 2 g (0) is ____ (rounded
t
2. 
−∞
f (t )δ(t − 2)dt = 4e −1u (t − 2) off to nearest integer).

df (t )
3. 2 f (t ) + 4 =0
dt
Energy of f (t ) (in joules) is ______.
(rounded off to one decimal place)
a
Q.33 If X ( z ) = e for z > 0 , then x [ n] is
z
Q.37 The input output relation for the system
n
(A) n !a u [n] shown is given as
−4
an y (t ) = x ( −4t + 8)
(B) u [ n] 5
n!
y (t ) Inverse
(C) (n + 1)!a n u[n] x (t ) System z (t ) = x (t )
system

1 The inverse system, which should be

(D) a n u [ n]
(n + 1)! cascaded to obtain z (t ) = x (t ) is
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.7
∞
−4  −t 
(A) z (t ) = y  − 8
5  4 
y (t ). The value of  y(t )dt is ________
−∞

−5  −t  (rounded off to two decimal places).

(B) z (t ) = y  + 8
4  4  Q.41 The sum of the exponential Fourier
−5  8 − t  series coefficients of the signal
(C) z (t ) = y 
4  4  x ( t ) = 2 cos ( 4t − 300 ) + 2 cos ( 4t + 300 )
(D) System is non invertible, so inverse is
system does not exist.
(A) 3 (B) 2 3
Q.38 For the cascade combination of k
systems shown in figure, with k → ∞ , (C) 2 (D) 2 2
impulse response of individual systems Q.42 Consider a continuous time linear
system having following input-output
 1 
k

is given by hk (n) = δ  n − k    such pair as shown below,

  2   x(t ) y( t )
 1  1 e j 6t e j14t
that h1 (n) = δ  n −  , h2 (n) = δ  n − 
 2  2 e− j 6t e − j14 t
 3
h3 (n) = δ  n −  and so on. For
 8 x(t) Linear y(t)
system
x( n) = nu ( n), y (5) = ____ . (rounded
If input x(t ) = cos(6t + 8) then output
off to nearest integer)
x ( n) y ( n) y (t ) is
h1 (n) h2 (n) h3 (n) hk (n)
(A) cos {14(t − 8)}
Q.39 The fourier transform of signal x(t ) is
(B) cos {14(t + 8)}
shown in figure, which of the following
statement(s) is/are true for signal x(t ) (C) cos {14t + 8}
[MSQ] (D) cos {6t + 8}
X(w) Q.43 A continuous time signal x(t ) is defined
in terms of step signal u (t ) and ramp
2
signal r (t ) as, [MSQ]
w x(t ) = − r (t + 2) + u (t + 1) − r (t + 1)
–2 0 4
+ 3u (t ) − r (t ) + 2u (t − 1) + 3r (t − 1)
(A) x * (t ) = x (t )
Select the correct statement(s) about
(B) x * ( − t ) = x (t )
signal x(t ) from options given below,
∞
28

2
(C) x(t ) dt = (A) x(t ) t = − 0.5 = −1
−∞
3π
(B) x(t ) t = 2 = −1
(D) x ( − t ) = x (t ) 3
2 0
Q.40 A Gaussian signal x(t ) = e−2t is 5
convolved with itself to get a signal
(C)  x(t ) dt = − 2
−∞
 3.8 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
∞
Q.48 Which of the following statement(s)
(D) 
−∞
x(t ) dt = − 2 is/are true about the periodic signal x (t )
shown below, [MSQ]
Q.44 If x( n) = {1,3, 2,1} , then the inverse z -
↑ x(t)
transform of X (2 z ) will be
(A) δ( n + 1) + 3δ( n) +2δ( n − 1) + δ( n − 2) 1
......... .........
(B) 2δ( n + 1) + 3δ( n) + 0.25( n − 1) t
–2 –1 0 1 2 3
+δ( n − 2)
(A) The average value of x(t ) is 0.5.
(C) 2δ( n + 1) + 3δ( n)
(B) The magnitude of exponential
+δ( n − 1) + 0.25δ( n − 2)
Fourier series coefficient Cn is odd
(D) δ( n + 1) + 3δ( n)
for odd values of n.
+2δ(n − 1) + 0.25δ( n − 2)
(C) The magnitude of exponential
Q.45 The Impulse response of an LTI system
Fourier series coefficient Cn is zero
is given as
for even values of n.
h [ n ] = 0.8δ [ n ] + 0.36 (− 0.8)n −1 u [ n − 1]
(D) The magnitude of exponential
The given system represents a
Fourier series coefficient is even for
(A) Low pass filter
even values of n.
(B) High pass filter
Q.49 A signal x ( n) has z-transform X ( z ) . If
(C) Band stop filter
(D) All pass filter 1
X ( z) = , then which of the
Q.46 Consider a discrete-time sequence z +1
n following statement(s) is/are true about
15
x ( n) =   and its DTFT is X (e jω ). x ( n) . [MSQ]
n3
(A) x ( n) is a finite duration sequence.
If X (e j ω ) is passed through a
(B) x ( n) is an anticausal sequence.
 d 
differentiator   then output
 dω  (C) x ( n) is an infinite duration
sequence y ( n) of this differentiator will sequence.
be (D) x ( n) can be a causal sequence.
n n
1 5 15 Q.50 The z transform X ( z) of signal
(A) j  (B)  
n 3 j 3 n
 1
x(n) =  −  u (−n − 3) is
5 1 5  4
(C) − j n   (D) j 
3 n 3
− 64 z 3 1
Q.47 The discrete time Fourier transform of (A) X ( z ) = ; ROC : z <
1+ 4z 4
signal x ( n) = 5 δ(8 − 4n) is 5e − jαω . The
value of α is ______ (rounded off to 64 z 3 1
(B) X ( z ) = ; ROC : z >
nearest integer). 1− 4z 4
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.9

− 64 z 3 1 x(t )
(C) X ( z ) = 3
; ROC : z <
1+ 4 z 4 1
3
− 64 z 1
(D) X ( z ) = 2
; ROC : z <
1+ 4 z 4 2 3 4
t
-4 -3 -2 0
Q.51 The time period of discrete time signal
π π
x [ n ] = cos n 2 + cos n 2 is _______.
4 6 -1

(rounded off to nearest integer) 1

Q.52 If convolution of two continuous time (A) [sin(2 ω) − 2sin(3 ω) + sin(4 ω)]
jω2
signals is given as x(t ) * h(t ) = y (t ) , then
1
x (− 4t ) * h(−4t ) is equivalent to (B) [cos(2 ω) − 2 cos(3 ω) + cos(4 ω)]
ω2
1 1 2
(A) y (−4t ) (B) − y (−4t ) (C) [sin(2 ω) − 2sin(3 ω) + sin(4 ω)]
4 16 jω2
1 1 2
(C) −y (−4t ) (D) y (4t )
4 16 (D) [cos(2 ω) + 2 cos(3 ω) + cos(4 ω)]
ω2
Q.53 Consider a system described by input- Q.56 A signal y (t ) is given by
output relation given as
y (t ) = x (t ) * g (t ) , where x (t ) = cos πt
 0, x(t ) < 0
y (t ) =  and g (t ) = sin πt . If Cn represents the
 x(t ) + x(t + 1), x(t ) ≥ 0 complex exponential Fourier series
The system is : coefficient of nth harmonic of signal
(A) Non causal, dynamic, linear and y[ n] , the value of C1 is
time invariant
(A) – 2j (B) 2j
(B) Non causal, dynamic, linear and
j j
time variant (C) − (D)
2 2
(C) Causal, dynamic, non-linear and
Q.57 Let x(t ) be the signal with Fourier
time invariant
(D) Non causal, dynamic, non-linear and d 2 x(t )
transform X ( f ) and f (t ) = . If
time invariant dt 2
1 ; −1 < f < 1
1 + 2 z −1 + 3 z − 2 + 4 z − 3 X(f ) =  . The value
Q.54 If H ( z) = is
b0 + b1 z −1 + b2 z − 2 + b3 z − 3 0 ; otherwise
∞
an all pass filter, then the values of

2
of f (t ) dt is
b3 , b2 , b1 , b0 respectively are −∞

(A) 1, 2, 3, 4 (B) 4, 3, 2, 1 4π 4 8π4

(A) (B)
(C) 2, 3, 1, 4 (D) 0, 3, 2, 0 5 5
Q.55 The fourier transform for the signal 16π4 32π4
shown in the following figure is (C) (D)
5 5
 3.10 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
Q.58 For a continuous time LTI system with Q.60 Consider a continuous time system
impulse response h(t ) = u (t ) , the described by the differential equation,
applied input is, dy (t )
− 5ty (t ) = 4 x(t ) with y (0) = 2.718
cos t , 0 < t < 2π dt
x(t ) = 
 0, Otherwise Where, x(t ) and y (t ) represents input
Response y (t ) of the system for given and output respectively. The system is
(A) Time invariant
input is,
(B) Nonlinear
y (t )
(C) Unstable
(D) None of these
1
2
Q.61 The area under the signal x(t ) = 4e− 2t is
2p
(A) p
t ______. (rounded off to one decimal
place)
–1
Q.62 The inverse Fourier transform of the
y (t ) spectrum X (ω) = 5 is
t t
2 (A) δ(t ) + δ   + δ  
2 4
(B)
t t 
p 2p
t (B) δ(t ) + δ   + δ  
 3  2
y (t )  t  ( )
(C) δ(t ) + δ   + δ 2t
 3.5 
2
(D) None of the above
(C) Q.63 Consider a continuous time signal x(t )
p 2p
t given as
∞ ∞
x(t ) =  u (t + 4 − 4n) −  u (t − 12 − 4n)
y (t ) n =0 n =0

Power of signal x(t ) (in watts) is

2 ________. (rounded off to nearest
p integer)
(D) t
2p Q.64 A continuous time signal x(t ) has the
–2 1
Laplace transform X ( s) = . The
s+4
Q.59 The value of the integral
correct statement (s) about Laplace
6
(t + 4)δ(2t − 4)  transform of signal x * (t ) at s = 3 + j 2
I=   + 4cos πt ⋅ δ '(t − 0.5) 
dt is
−8 is/are [MSQ]
_______. (rounded off to two decimal 7
places) (A) Real part is
53
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.11

−2 The difference equation for the cascade

(B) Imaginary part is
53 system is
−7 3 1
(C) Imaginary part is y [ n] = x [ n] + y [n − 1] − y [n − 2]
53 4 8
1 β
(D) Magnitude is The value of is ______. (rounded off
53 α
Q.65 Consider the cascade of the following to nearest integer)
two systems S1 and S 2 as shown in Q.66 The Laplace transform of x(t ) is given
figure below as
x[n]
v[n]
y[n]
A ( s + a ) cos θ + B sin θ
S1 S2 X ( s) =
(s + a)
2
+ b2
1
S1 : Causal LTI v [n] = v [n − 1] + x [n]
2 Initial value of x(t ) at A = 4, B = 3
S 2 : Causal LTI and θ = 300 is _________. (rounded off
y [ n] = αy [ n − 1] + β v [ n] to three decimal places)
Q.67 The DTFS coefficients of a signal x[n] are shown in figure below,

The value of x[0] is _____. (rounded off to nearest integer)

Q.68 The N-point DFT of the given finite- 1 + e − j 2 πKL /N
duration sequence s ( n) is given by (D) S ( K ) =
1 + e− j 2 πK /N
1 ; 0 ≤ n ≤ L −1 Where, K = 0,1,..., N − 1
s ( n) = 
0 ; Otherwise
Q.69 A sequence x [ n] has non zero values as
1 + e − j 2 πK ( L −1)/N shown in figure
(A) S ( K ) =
1 + e− j 2 πK /N x[n]
Where, K = 0,1,..., N − 1 4
3
1 − e− j 2 πKL /N 2
(B) S ( K ) = 1
1 − e− j 2 πK /N -2 2
Where, K = 0,1,..., N − 1 -4 -3 -1 1 3 n
-1
1 − e − j 2 πK ( L +1)/N -2
(C) S ( K ) =
1 − e− j 2 πK /N
Where, K = 0,1,..., N − 1
DTFT
If x [n] ←⎯⎯ → X (e j ω ) .
 3.12 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
Then the value of integral If X ( s ) represents the Laplace
π
d
2 transform of x (t ) then value of X ( s ) at

−π
dω
X (e jω ) d ω is s = 4 is
π
(A) 74 π (B) 120 π (A) π (B)
8
(C) 224 π (D) 332 π π π
Q.70 A continuous time signal x (t ) has the (C) (D)
4 16
Fourier transform as shown in figure. Q.74 Consider a continuous time signal
π mathematically expressed as
Value of signal x (t ) at t = sec is
4  0; −∞ < t < −4
_______. (rounded off to two decimal  4; −4 < t < −2

places)  −2t ; −2 < t < 0

x(t ) =  2t ; 0<t <2
 4; 2<t <4

−2t + 12; 4<t <6

 0; 6<t <∞
If x1 (t ) = x (2 − t ), then the value of
x1 (t ) at t = +1 sec is ______. (rounded
Q.71 The Z-transform of signal off to nearest integer)
x [n] = n(n − 1)a n − 2u [n] is Q.75 The Z-transform of signal x [ n] is given
2z az by
(A) (B)
( z − a )3 ( z − a )3 1
X ( z) = , z >1
2a 2 z 2az ( z − 1)3
(C) (D) The value of signal x [ n ] at n = 5 is
( z − a )3 ( z − a )3
Q.72 Consider the LTI system with impulse _______. (rounded off to nearest
integer)
response h (t ) shown in figure.
Q.76 Consider a continuous time periodic
signal
x(t ) = 8cos(4πt − 500 ) + 10sin (4πt − 200 ) .
Input x (t ) to the system is causal
The power of x (t ) is
impulse train with area of each impulse
(A) 82 W (B) 42 W
unity and frequency of occurrence of
(C) 122 W (D) 164 W
impulses is 0.25 Hz. If Y ( s ) represents
Q.77 Consider signal x(t ) with Laplace
the Laplace transform of output y (t ) ,
transform X ( s ) .
then the value of Y ( s ) at s = 1 is
Where x (t ) = π sinc(t )u (t ) , if the value
________. (rounded off to two decimal 2π
places) of X ( s ) at s = 3π is , then the
k
Q.73 Consider a continuous time signal, value of k is _______. (rounded off to
x (t ) = Sa (4t ) ⋅ u (4t ) nearest integer)
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.13
Q.78 The transfer function of a continuous 1 1
(C) − (D) −
time LTI system is given as 12 4
s 2 + 3s + 4 Q.82 A signal x(t ) is convolved with itself to
H (s) =
s2 + s − 2 16 + t 2
If the Fourier transform of impulse get a signal y (t ) . If y (t ) = then
4 − t2
response h(t ) exists, then the impulse
the energy of x (t ) (in J) is ______
response h(t ) is
(rounded off to nearest integer).
8 2
(A) δ(t ) + et u (−t ) − e −2t u (t ) Q.83 If x(n) = {1,5, −2,1,3, 4, 2, 0,5} . The
3 3 ↑
8 2
dX ( e jω )
2
(B) δ(t ) − et u (−t ) − e −2t u (t ) π
3 3 value of −π dω
d ω is
8 2
(C) δ(t ) − et u (−t ) + e −2t u (t )
3 3 (A) 1380π (B) 1380
8 2
(D) δ(t ) + et u (−t ) + e −2t u (t ) (C) 1256π (D) 1256
3 3
Q.84 A continuous time sinc and Gaussian
Q.79 The impulse response of a discrete time
signals are given as,
LTI system is given by
πt 2
n −
1 x(t ) = 40π sinc(− 4t + 12) and y (t ) = πe k
h [n] =   u (n − 2)
4 If the area under both functions x (t ) and
If the difference equation describing the y (t ) are equal, then the value of ' k ' is
system is ______. (rounded off to nearest integer)
h [ n] − ph [ n − 1] = 0.0625 δ[ n − 2] , t ∞

 e
j 2 πft
then the value of p is _______ (rounded Q.85 If I (t ) = df d τ , then I(3) is
−∞ −∞
off to two decimal places).
Q.80 A signal x (t ) is applied as input to a ________. (rounded off to nearest
linear time invariant system to get an integer)
∞ Q.86 Consider the cascaded structure shown
1
e
− st
output y (t ) . If x(t )dt = and below.
−∞
s
impulse response h(t ) = e −2t u (t ) then
the steady state value of y (t ) is
y (t ) in terms of x (t ) is
________. (rounded off to one decimal
(A) x(t ) (B) x 2 (t )
place)
Q.81 If the z-transform of x ( n) is (C) − x(t ) (D) πx(t )
z Q.87 Consider 3 discrete time sequences
, then DTFT of x ( n) at
( z − 2)( z − 3) x1[n], x2 [n] and x3 [n] with their
ω = π is discrete Fourier transforms
1 1 X 1 (k ), X 2 (k ) and X 3 ( k ) respectively,
(A) (B) −
6 6 with
 3.14 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®

x1[n] = {2, 3, a, 7} , x2 [n] = {3, b, 1, 2} 3

(B)  X ( k )e
k =0
j πk
=0
X 3[k ] = X 1 (k ) X 2 (k )
3

 X (k )
2
If x3 (0) = 52 and x3 (2) = 46 then the (C) =8
k =0
value of (a + b) 2 − (a − b) 2 is ______. 3
(D)  X (k ) = 16
2
(rounded off to nearest integer)
k =0
Q.88 The discrete time system represented by
Q.91 A continuous time signal x (t ) = 4 cos 2t
input - output relation
n3 is passed through an LTI system having
π 
y [ n ] =  sin  k  ⋅ x [ k ] is impulse response h(t ) = sinc 2(t − 1) . If
k =0 2 
y (t ) is the output of this system, then
(A) Non linear, Time variant, non causal
the value of y (1) will be _______. [in
and stable
(B) Linear, Time invariant, causal and integer]
unstable Q.92 A continuous time LTI system having
(C) Linear, Time variant, non causal and impulse response
stable h(t ) = δ(t + 1) + δ(t − 1)
(D) Linear, Time variant, non causal and is subjected to an input x(t ) as shown in
unstable figure.
Q.89 Split radix method is used to compute 12 x (t )
point DFT X (k ) of a 12 point sequence
x[ n] in DIT-FFT algorithm. Input
6
sequence x[ n] is divided into 4 parts
f1[n] , f 2 [ n], f 3 [n] and f 4 [n] of 3
t
samples each. If F1[ K ], F2 [ K ], F3[ K ] –2 2

and F4 [ K ] are 3-point DFT’s of f1[n], If output produced by the system is

dy (t )
f 2 [n], f3 [n] and f 4 [n] , respectively, y (t ), then values of and
dt t =− 0.8
then the value of X ( K ) at K = 7 is
(A) F1 (1) + W127 F2 (1) + W122 F3 (1) + W129 F4 (1)
{ y(1.4) − y(− 2.4)} are respectively
(B) F1 (2) + W127 F2 (2) + W129 F3 (2) + W1211 F4 (2) (A) 3, 0 (B) 0, 3
(C) – 3, 3 (D) 3, 3
(C) F1 (1) + W122 F2 (1) + W129 F3 (1) + W127 F4 (1)
Q.93 Consider a 4 point sequence x[ n] given
(D) F1 (2) + W124 F2 (2) + W127 F3 (1) + W125 F4 (1)
as, x[ n] = {4, 5, 6, 7} .
Q.90 The 4 point DFT of a sequence
nπ n 12-point
If x1[n] = x   , x1[n] ⎯⎯⎯→ X 1 (k ) ,
x(n) = cos is X (k ) . The correct 3 DFT
4
option is/are [MSQ] then the value of X 1 (0) − X 1 (6) is
3
________. (rounded off to nearest
(A)  X (k ) = 4
k =0 integer)
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.15
Q.94 Output input relation for a continuous (C) P-l, Q-3, R-l, S-4
time system is given as (D) P-l, Q-2, R-4, S-3
y (t ) = x (1 − t ) − x(t − 5) Q.97 The step response of a discrete time LTI
The system is system is given as
n
(A) Linear, time variant and invertible. y [ n] =  a j , a < 1
(B) Linear, time variant and non- j =0

invertible. Impulse response of the system is

(C) Non-linear, time variant and non- (A) a n u ( n ) (B) na n u ( n )
invertible.
(C) a n +1 u ( n ) (D) na n u ( n + 1)
(D) Non-linear, time invariant and
invertible. Q.98 Consider the signal x (t ) = (cos t +
Q.95 Consider a discrete - time signal with cos 2t ) 2 . If the amplitude of second
DTFS
fourier representation x(n) ←⎯⎯ → Ck , highest frequency of this signal is H and
π if the average value of this signal is A,
with fundamental frequency Ω0 = . then the value of H + A is
10
The discrete time signal corresponding (A) 1 (B) 2
to fourier series coefficient (C) 0 (D) 3
Q.99 Consider the time domain signal as
 πk 
d k = cos   Ck is shown below.
 5 
1
(A) [ x(n + 5) + x(n − 5)]
2
1
(B) [ x(n + 2) + x(n − 2)]
2
1
(C) [ x(n + 10) + x( n − 10) ]
2 The odd part of the following signal is
(D) None of the above (A)
Q.96
System I/O relation LTI behavior
1. Non-linear,
P. y (t ) = 3 x (t ) + 5
time variant
2. Linear, time-
Q. y (t ) = t 2 x(t 3 ) (B)
variant
t 3. Non-linear,
R. y (t ) =  x(τ)d τ
−∞ time-invariant
4. Linear, time-
S. y (t ) = tx 2 ( τ)
invariant
(A) P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-l
(B) P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-l
 3.16 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
(C) Q.102 Consider two signals x(t ) and g (t ) as
shown in below figure having Fourier
transforms X (ω) and G (ω)
respectively.
x(t)

(D) –2 4
t

g(t)

t
0 2 3
 ω
If G (ω) = Pe− jQω X  −  , then the
 r
Note :
Q
1. Any even number can be expressed as : value of P + = ______.
r
(i) Sum of two even numbers. For
Q.103 A discrete-time signal x ( n) is obtained
example, 4 = 2 + 2
by sampling an analog signal at 10 kHz.
(ii) Sum of two odd numbers. For
The signal x ( n) is filtered by a system
example, 4 = 3 + 1
with impulse response
2. Any odd number can be expressed as :
h [ n ] = 0.5 {δ [ n ] + δ [ n − 1]}
(i) Sum of an even and an odd number,
for example 5 = 3 + 2 = 4 +1 The 3dB cut-off frequency of the filter is
Same concept is valid for signals (A) 1.25 kHz (B) 2.50 kHz
too. (C) 4.00 kHz (D) 5.00 kHz
Q.100 The real conjugate symmetric portion of Q.104 Consider the sequence as given below
a signal x(t ) = e(3+5 j ) is having D.T.F.T X (e jω )
(A) sin3t sinh5t (B) cos3t cosh5t
(C) cosh3t cos5t (D) sin5t sinh5t
Q.101 Two signals x(t ) and y(t ) are defined
as x(t ) = 2 u (t ) − u ( t − 2 ) 

and y (t ) = 3 u (t − 3) − u ( t − 5 )  .
If z (t ) = x (t ) * y (t ) then the area of
z (t ) = ______ (rounded off to one The value of X (e jπ ) is ________.
decimal place). (rounded off to nearest integer)
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.17
Q.105 The Fourier coefficient of the signal 4 −3t 1
(A) e u (t ) + e −2t u (t )
1
n
5 5
x (t ) is given as Cn = − j   . The
2 4 −3t 1
(B) e u (t ) + e −2t u (t )
Fourier coefficient of the conjugate 5 5
signal x* (t ) will be 4 1
(C) − e3t u (−t ) + e −2t u (t )
−n −n 5 5
1 1
(A) j   (B) − j   4 −3t 1
2 2 (D) e u (t ) − e 2t u (−t )
5 5
(C) j ( 2 ) (D) − j ( 2 )
−n −n
Q.108 If Fourier transform of a continuous time
Q.106 Consider a continuous time signal x (t ) signal x(t ) is X (ω) and
d2 2, | t |≤ 2 
as shown in figure and y (t ) = x (t ) x(t ) =  
dt 2  0 Otherwise 
Consider the value of A = 3 , the value of ∞ 2
∞ then  X ( ω) d ω = Aπ . The value of
1
y (t )dt is _______. (rounded off to −∞

A will be ________. (rounded off to

one decimal place) nearest integer)
Q.109 Consider a system with input x(t ) and
the output y (t ) is given by
y (t ) = x(t ) − sin t x (t − 1) − 0.5 x (t + 2) + 1
The system is
(A) Non-linear
Q.107 The pole zero location of X ( s ) is shown (B) Non-causal
1 (C) Time-varying
in figure with X (0) = −
6 (D) All of the above
jω Q.110 Which of the following statements is/are
true about the signal shown below,
∞
 k 
s − plane
x(t ) =  (−1) δ  t − 500 
k =−∞
k
[MSQ]

(A) The time period of the signal x(t) is

σ
−2 −1
0 3 4 millisecond.
(B) If the signal x(t ) is passed through
an ideal low pass filter having a
cutoff frequency of 800 Hz, then the
output of the low pass filter will
If inverse Laplace transform of X ( s ) is contain the fundamental and the
x (t ) , then expression of x (t ) [consider third harmonic components
x (t ) is causal] is respectively.
 3.18 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
(C) If the signal x(t ) is passed through s ( s + 5)
X (s) = .
an ideal low pass filter having a s 2 + 16
cutoff frequency of 800 Hz, then the
If x ( t ) = 5cos 4t − 4sin 4t + x3 ( t ) , then
RMS value of the signal at the output
of this ideal low pass filter will be x3 ( t ) will be
1000. (A) An impulse function
(D) The time period of the signal x(t ) is
(B) A step function
4 second.
(C) A ramp function
Q.111 Let x(t ) be a continuous time signal
(D) A sinusoidal function
having Laplace transform
Q.112 Consider a discrete time signal shown in figure.
x [ n]
2 3

1 2 3 4
n
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 n = 0 5 6 7

-1

Let the Fourier transform of this signal be written in rectangular form as,
X (e jω ) = A(ω) + jB(ω). Then the time function corresponding to the transform,
Y (e jω ) = B(ω) + jA(ω) is
(A) {3 j , 0, 0, 0, − j , 0, 0, 0, 2 j} (B) {2 j , 0, 0, 0, − j , 0, 0, 0, 3 j}
↑ ↑

(C) {− j , 0, 0, 0, 3 j , 0, 0, 0, 2 j} (D) {2 j , 0, 0, 0, 3 j , 0, 0, 0, − j}
↑ ↑

Q.113 The value of α for which the area under π

d
2

the signal x(t ) = (t 2 − 2t + 3)δ(t − α) will

(C) 
−π
dω
X (e jω ) d ω = 440π

be minimum is _______. [in integer] π 2

d
Q.114 Consider the discrete time signal (D) 
−π
dω
X (e jω ) d ω = 220π

∞

x(n) = 2   {δ(n − 1 − k ) − δ(n − 6 − k )} Q.115 Consider the periodic signal
 k =0  ∞
6  nπ 
having discrete time Fourier transform x(t ) = 64 +  sin 2   cos(500nπt ) .
n =1 n  2 
X (e jω ) . Which of the following is/are Which of the following statements is
correct? [MSQ] correct? [MSQ]
1
π
2 (A) Time period of x(t ) is 4 msec.
(A)  X (e jω ) d ω = 40
π −π (B) The signal x(t ) is odd signal.
π
(C) The signal x(t ) is half wave
1 2
(B)  X (e jω ) d ω = 20 symmetric signal.
π −π
(D) The signal x(t ) is even signal.
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.19
Q.116 The value of integral π
∞
(B) 12 sec, rad/sec
 2ω  − jω 6
 sinc
2
I=   e d ω is _______.
 π  π
−∞ (C) 48 sec, rad/sec
(rounded off to three decimal places) 24
Q.117 The DTFS coefficients (Ck ) of the (D) x(t ) is not periodic
Q.120 The fourier series expansion of signal
sequenc
x( n) = sin (0.2 πn) with fundamental
{
x(n) = ...., −1, 2,1, 2, −1, 0, −1, 2,1, 2,.....
↑
} frequency Ω is given by
N −1
is given by x(n) =  Ck e jΩnk .
1  πk   k =0
(A) 1 + 4 cos   
4  3  The sum of coefficients C1 and C9 is

1   πk  ______. (rounded off to nearest integer)

 πk  
(B)  cos   + cos    Q.121 The energy of the signal
3  6   3 
x(t ) = 4[sgn(t ) + sgn(6 − t )] (in joules) is
1  πk   2πk   ______. (rounded off to nearest integer)
(C) 1 − 4 cos   − cos  
8  6   3  Q.122 An LTI discrete time system with input
1  πk   2πk   x(n) and output y(n) has the frequency
(D) 1 + 4 cos   − 2 cos  
6  6   3  Ω
response H (e jΩ ) = tan   .
Q.118 The fourier transform of a signal x(t ) is 2
The difference equation which describe
4e −2 jω , ω ≤2
X (ω) =  the system is
 0, Otherwise (A) y ( n) + y ( n − 1) = − jx ( n) + jx ( n − 1)
Then x(t ) will be (B) y ( n) + y ( n − 1) = x ( n) + x ( n − 1)
4sin(t − 2) 4sin(t − 2) (C) y (n) − y ( n − 2) = jx( n) + x (n − 2)
(A) (B)
πt π(t − 2) (D) y ( n) + y ( n − 2) = jx( n) − jx ( n − 1)
4sin 2 (t − 2) 4sin 2 (t − 2) Q.123 The Fourier transform of the signal x(t )
(C) (D)
π(t − 2) πt shown in figure below is
Q.119 Two signals x1 (t ) and x2 (t ) are defined x (t )
as
∞ 2
x1 (t ) =  δ(t − 6 K ) − δ(t + 2 − 6 K )
K =−∞
1
∞
x2 (t ) =  δ(t − 8K ) − δ(t + 4 − 8K )
K =−∞ t
−2 0 2
Then fundamental period and frequency
(A) 2sinc(2 f ) + 4sinc2 (4 f )
of signal x(t ) = x1 (t ) + x2 (t ) are
(B) 4sinc(2 f ) + 2sinc2 (4 f )
respectively :
(C) 4sinc(4 f ) + 2sinc2 (2 f )
π
(A) 24 sec, rad/sec (D) 2sinc(4 f ) + 4sinc2 (2 f )
12
 3.20 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
Q.124 A casual LTI system has the frequency
response H ( jω) shown below. For the
input signal x(t ) = e − jt , the output will
be
H ( jw)

2j

w
-1 1

-2 j

(A) −2 je − jt (B) 2 je− jt

(C) 4πje− jt (D) − 4πje− jt
Q.125 The energy of the signal x(t ) in J shown
below is _______. (rounded off to
nearest integer)
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.21

Answers Signals & Systems

1. A 2. B, D 3. A 4. A 5. A, B, C
6. C 7. C 8. B 9. 1.867 10. C
11. 2 12. D 13. 5.75 14. A 15. –2
16. D 17. A, C, D 18. 0.2454 19. C 20. 10.67
21. D 22. 0.03307 23. D 24. 3.25 25. A
26. 0.1 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. C
31. C 32. 16 33. B 34. C 35. A
36. 4 37. C 38. 3 39. B, C 40. 1.57
41. B 42. C 43. A, B, D 44. C 45. D
46. B 47. 2 48. A, B, C 49. B, C, D 50. A
51. 12 52. A 53. D 54. A 55. C
56. C 57. D 58. A 59. 15.56 60. C
61. 5.013 62. C 63. 8 64. A, B, D 65. 4
66. 3.464 67. 3 68. B 69. D 70. 6.48
71. A 72. 0.880 73. D 74. 2 75. 6
76. C 77. 12 78. B 79. 0.25 80. 0.5
81. C 82. 4 83. A 84. 100 85. 1
86. C 87. 100 88. C 89. A 90. A, B, C
91. 2 92. B 93. 24 94. B 95. B
96. A 97. A 98. B 99. B 100. C
101. 24 102. 1.2 103. B 104. 8 105. A
106. 1.5 107. B 108. 32 109. D 110. A, B, C
111. A 112. A 113. 1 114. A, C 115. A, D
116. 1.178 117. D 118. C 119. A 120. 0
121. 384 122 A 123. C 124. B 125. 34

Explanations Signals & Systems

1. (A) First, we shall find the Z-transform of

n
Given : The given discrete-time signal is,  1
x1 (n) =  −  ⋅ u (n)
n −n  2
 1 1
x ( n) = n  −  u ( n) *   u ( − n ) We know that,
 2 4 1
Let, x(n) = x1 (n) * x2 (n) u (n) ←⎯⎯Z .T .
→ ; ROC : z > 1
1 − z −1
 1
n
Using the scaling property,
where, x1 (n) = n  −  ⋅ u (n) n
 2  1 Z .T . 1
 −  . u (n) ←⎯⎯ → −1
−n  2    1  −1 
1 1 −  −  z 
and x2 (n) =   ⋅ u (− n)
4  2  
 3.22 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
1 1 z 1
n
z 1
= = = Z .T .
 1 1 1   ⋅ u (n) ←⎯⎯ →
1
ROC : z >
1 −  −  z −1 1 + z
−1
z+ 4 z− 4
 2 2 2 4
n
 1 Z .T . z 1 Applying the time-reversal property,
 −  . u (n) ←⎯⎯ →
1
; ROC : z >
 2 z+ 2
1
−n
Z .T .
2 x2 (n) =   u (−n) ←⎯⎯ → X 2 ( z)
4
Now, using the Z-domain differentiation
property, z −1
x2 ( n) = ROC : z < 4
n 1
 1 −1
z −
x1 (n) = n  −  u (n) ←⎯⎯Z .T .
→ X1 ( z) 4
 2
d  z  1 Z .T . 4
x1 (n) = − z  ; ROC : z > x2 (n) ←⎯⎯ → X 2 ( z) = −
dz z + 1  2 z −4
 
 2 ROC : z < 4 …(ii)
 1  1
z+ 2−z − z
2
Applying Convolution property,
X1 ( z) = − z  2
= Z .T .
2 x(n) = x1 (n) * x2 (n) ←⎯⎯ → X ( z) = X1 ( z) X 2 ( z)
 z + 1    z + 1 
  
2   
 
2 n −n
 1 1 Z .T .
x(n) = n  −  u (n) *   u (− n) ←⎯⎯ → X ( z)
1  2 4
ROC : z >
2 x ( n) = X 1 ( z ) X 2 ( z )
1
− z
2  1 
 − z  (− 4)
Z .T .
x1 (n) ←⎯⎯ → X1 ( z) =
1
X ( z) = 
 1
2
2 
⋅ ROC : < z <4
z+  
2
1  z −4 2
 2
z+ 
1  2
ROC : z > …(i)
2 2z 1
X ( z) = ROC : < z <4
Next, we shall find the Z-transform of  1
2
2
−n ( z − 4)  z + 
1  2
x2 (n) =   ⋅ u (− n)
4 Hence, the correct option is (A).
We know that,
2. (A), (D)
1
Z .T .
u (n) ←⎯⎯ → ROC : z > 1
1 − z −1 Given fourier transform of x(t ) is as shown
Applying time scaling property, below
n
1 1 X (w)
Z .T .
  ⋅ u (n) ←⎯⎯ → −1
4   1  −1 
1 −   z 
 4   1

1 z 1
= = ROC : z >
1 1 4 w (r / s)
1 − z −1 z− - 250 p 0 250 p
4 4
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.23
As The non-zero coefficients will be
X (w) C−6 , C−5 , C0 , C5 , C6

1 Hence, the correct option is (A).

sin at FT 4. (A)
¬¾® -a w
pt 0 a
Given : y (t ) = x (t ) cos t
sin 250πt
x(t ) = Taking Fourier transform both sides and
πt
applying multiplication property,
x(t ) will have null value if 250 πt = nπ
1
t=
n
where n = 1, 2, 3......
Y (ω) = [ X (ω) ∗ π{δ(ω − 1) + δ(ω + 1)}]
2π
250
1
If, n = 1 then t =
1
= 4 m sec
Y (ω) = [ X (ω − 1) + X (ω + 1)] …(i)
2
250
If, n = 2 then t = 8 m sec and so on. Given : Y (ω) = 2, ω ≤2
∴ x(t ) will have null value if t is the = 0, otherwise
multiple of 4 m sec. Y (w)
Only options (B) and (D) are correct as they are
2
multiples of 4.
Hence, the correct options are (B) & (D). w
-2 2
3. (A)
From equation (i),
Given : Signal, x ( t ) = 5sin 5t + 7 cos 6t + 3
X (ω − 1) + X (ω + 1) = 2 Y (ω) …(ii)
Fundamental frequency of x(t ) is
2Y (w)
ω0 = H .C.F ( 5, 6 ) = 1
4
x(t ) = 5sin 5ω0t + 7 cos 6ω0t + 3
w
-2 2
 e j 5ω0t − e − j 5ω0t   e j 6 ω0t + e − j 6 ω0t 
x(t ) = 5   + 7 +3
 2j   2  Checking from the options :
7 5 − j 5 ω0t We have,
x ( t ) = e − j 6 ω0t − e +3
2 2j X (w)
5 j 5ω0t 7 j 6ω0t 1
+ e + e sin xt F.T.
2j 2 ¬¾¾ ®
pt -x x w
∴ The exponential Fourier series
coefficients of x(t ) are : Option (A) :
7 −5 X (w)
C−6 = , C−5 = , C0 = 3 ,
2 2j 4
4sin t F.T.
5 7 x(t ) = ¬¾¾ ®
C5 = , C6 = pt -1 1
w
2j 2
 3.24 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
1 15
X (w - 1) X (w + 1) 1−
∴ x(t ) = 16 = 16
4 4
1 1 (17 + 8cos t )
w w 1 + + 2 × cos t
2 -2 16 4 16
15
X (w - 1) + X (w + 1) ∴ x(t ) =
17 + 8cos t
4 Hence, the correct option is (C).
w 7. (C)
-2 2
From the definition of Fourier transform,
Hence, we can see that option (A) satisfies ∞

 x(t ) ⋅ e
− j ωt
equation (ii), X ( jω) = dt
−∞
4sin t
∴ x(t ) = ∞
πt
Hence, the correct option is (A).
X ( j 0) =  x(t ) dt
−∞

5. (A), (B), (C) = Area under the curve of x(t )

x(t )
Given system is as shown below,
10
x(t ) 40 y (t )
H (s) = 8
(Input) s2 + 4 (Output)
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
y (t ) = H ( s ) s = s x(t ) t
0
-2 0 2 4 6 8
40 4t Total area under the graph of x(t ) ,
For x(t ) = e4t , y (t ) = 2
e = 2e4t
4 +4
A = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 + A5 …(i)
40
For x(t ) = e −4 t
, y (t ) = 2
e−4t = 2e−4t 1
(−4) + 4 A1 = × 2 × 8 = 8 square units
2
So, both e 4t and e −4t are eigen functions of the A2 = 2 ×10 = 20 square units
system with same eigen value = 2.
1
Hence, the correct options are (A), (B) & (C). A3 = × 2 × 8 = 8 square units
2
6. (C) 1
A4 = × 2 × 8 = 8 square units
n 2
 1
Given : Cn =  −  , ω0 = 1 rad/s A5 = 2 × 8 = 16 square units
 4
From equation (i),
1 − α2
For signal x(t ) = , the A = 8 + 20 + 8 + 8 + 16 = 60 square units
1 + α 2 − 2α cos ω0t
Hence, the correct option is (C).
n
Fourier series coefficient is given as = (α)
8. (B)
Comparing with the given coefficient,
Given : X (k ) N = {1, 2, 3, 4}
1
α=− DFT
4 Let, x[n] ←⎯⎯ → X (k ) N
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.25
Multiplication in time domain becomes circular From equation (i),
convolution in frequency domain for DFT. 17
3 = + Energy in x0 [n]
1 15
DFT
x 2 [n] ←⎯⎯ → { X (k ) N * X (k ) N }
N 17 28
∴ Energy in x0 [n] = 3 − = = 1.867
15 15
Hence, the correct answer is 1.867.
10. (C)

Given : x ( t ) = 5 + 4sin 4π t ,
y ( t ) = 2cos 6π t + 4sin 2πt
Linear convolution of X ( K ) and X ( K ) gives and z ( t ) = x ( t ) ⋅ y ( t ) ←⎯⎯
F .S .
→ Ck
{1, 4, 10, 20, 25, 24, 16}. To convert linear
Fundamental frequency of z (t ) is given as,
convolution to circular convolution add the last
three terms to the first three terms. ω0 = HCF of [ 4π, 6π, 2π] = 2π
{ X (k ) N * X (k ) N } So, in x (t ), 5 represents the component of 0th
= {1 + 25, 4 + 24,10 + 16, 20} harmonic and 4sin 4π t represent component of
= {26, 28, 26, 20} 2nd harmonic and in y (t ), 2 cos 6π t represent

2  26 28 26 20 
DFT
component of 3rd harmonic and 4 sin 2 π t
x [n] ←⎯⎯
→ , , , 
4 4 4 4 represents component of 1st harmonic. Let the
= {6.5, 7, 6.5, 5} Fourier series coefficient of x ( t ) and y ( t ) are
Hence, the correct option is (B). ak and bk respectively. Then coefficients of
9. 1.867 z ( t ) = x ( t ) ⋅ y ( t ) is given as
Given : Energy of x [ n] = 3 J Ck = ak * bk … (i)
n
1 [Using multiplication property of Fourier series]
Even component of x [ n ] , i.e., xe [n] =  
4  e j 4πt − e− j 4πt 
x ( t ) = 5 + 4sin 4π t = 5 + 4  
Energy of x [n] = Energy in xe [n]  2j 
+ Energy in x0 [ n] …(i) 4 j 4πt 4 − j 4πt
x (t ) = 5 + e − e
If x [ n] = (α )
n 2j 2j

1 + α2 x ( t ) = 5 − 2 j e j 4πt + 2 j e− j 4πt
Then its energy is given as, E =
1 − α2 Comparing with synthesis equation,
So, energy in even part of ∞

1
2 x (t ) = a k e jk ω0t , ω0 = 2π
1+   17 k =−∞

4 17
x [n] =  2 = 16 = a0 = 5, a−2 = 2 j , a2 = −2 j
1 15 15
1−  
4 16 {
ak = 0, 2 j , 0, 5, 0, − 2 j , 0
↑
}
 3.26 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®

Given : y ( t ) = 2 cos 6π t + 4sin 2π t x1 (−t − 1) = x1[−(t + 1)] = u (t + 2) − u (t )

x2 (-t ) x2 [-(t - 2)] = x2 (-t + 2)
 e j 6 π t + e− j 6 πt   e j 2 π t − e− j 2 π t 
y (t ) = 2   + 4  
 2   2j  1 1

 y (t ) = e j 6πt
+e − j 6πt
−2je j 2πt
+2je − j 2πt
-2 0
t
0 2
t

∴ b3 = 1, b−3 = 1, b1 = −2 j , b−1 = 2 j x2 (−t + 2) = x2 [−(t − 2)] = u (t ) − u (t − 2)

{
bk = 1, 0, + 2 j , 0, − 2 j , 0, 1
↑
} x3 (t ) = x1 (−t − 1) * x2 (−t + 2)

Now using equation (i), x3 (t ) = [u(t + 2) − u(t )] *[u(t ) − u(t − 2)]

Ck = ak * bk × u (t + 2) * u (t ) − u (t + 2) * u (t − 2)
−u (t ) * u (t ) + u (t ) * u (t − 2)
ak
bk 0 2j 0 5 0 -2j 0 x3 (t ) = r (t + 2) − r (t ) − r (t ) + r (t − 2)
1 0 2j 0 5 0 -2j 0 [ u(t − t1 ) * u(t − t2 ) = r (t − t1 − t2 )]

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x3 (t ) = r (t + 2) − 2r (t ) + r (t − 2)
x 3 (t )
2j 0 -4 0 10j 0 4 0 0− 2
x3 (t ) − 2 = (t − 0) 2
−2−0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x3 (t ) = t + 2

-2j 0 4 0 -10j 0 -4 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
(t + 2) 2
1 0 2j 0 5 0 -2j 0  3
−∞
x (t ) dt = 
−2
(t + 2) dt =
2
=2
−2

0, 2 j, 0, 1, 0, 4 + 8 j , 0,  Hence, the correct answer is 2.

Ck =  ↑

4 − 8 j , 0, 1, 0, − 2 j , 0  12. (D)

So, C−1 = 4 + 8 j and C3 = 1 For system-1 :

Hence, the correct option is (C). x ( t ) + x ( −t )
y ( t ) = Even  x ( t )  =
11. 2 2
1
Given : y (t ) =  x ( t ) + x ( −t )  …(i)
2
1
To check linearity, y1 ( t ) =  x1 ( t ) + x1 ( −t ) 
2
1
y2 ( t ) =  x2 ( t ) + x2 ( −t ) 
2
x 1(– t )
y3 ( t ) = α y1 ( t ) + β y2 ( t )
α β
y3 (t ) =  x1 ( t ) + x1 ( −t )  +  x2 ( t ) + x2 ( −t ) 
2 2
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.27

1 α { x1 ( t ) + x1 ( −t )}  System is represented by a linear differential

y3 ( t ) =   equation.
2
 +β { x2 ( t ) + x2 ( −t )} 
(A) As all the coefficients are not constants,
…(ii) so the system will be time variant.
Let x3' ( t ) = α x1 ( t ) + β x2 ( t ) (B) As the coefficients are function of
1 independent variable only and not the
y3' ( t ) =  x3' ( t ) + x3' ( −t )  function of dependent variable x ( t ) or
2
{Using equation (i)} y ( t ) , so the system will be linear.
1 α x1 ( t ) + β x2 ( t )  So system (1) and (3) are linear and time variant
y3' ( t ) =  
2  +α x1 ( −t ) + β x2 ( −t )  systems.
Hence, the correct option is (D).
1 α { x1 ( t ) + x1 ( −t )} 
y3' ( t ) =   13. 5.75
2
 +β { x 2 ( t ) + x2 ( −t )} 
Given : y ( t ) = x ( −2t + 2 ) + x ( −t − 2 )
…(iii)
From equation (ii) and (iii), Let y1 ( t ) = x ( −2t + 2 ) and y2 ( t ) = x ( −t − 2 )
y3' ( t ) = y3 ( t ) → System is linear.
Given signal x ( t ) is shown below :
To check time invariancy,
x (t )
1
y ( t ) =  x ( t ) + x ( −t ) 
2
6
Delayed response,
1 4
y ( t − t0 ) =  x ( t − t0 ) + x {− ( t − t0 )}
2 t
-2 2 3 4 6
Response for delayed input,
1 (i) To find y1 ( t ) = x ( −2t + 2 )
 x ( t − t0 )  = y1 ( t ) =  x ( t − t0 ) + x ( −t − t0 ) 
2 Applying operations from right to left,
As y1 ( t ) ≠ y ( t − t0 ) , so the system is time first operation is shifting by +2, resultant
variant. signal is shown below
For system-2 : x (t + 2)

x ( t ) + x* ( t )
y ( t ) = Real  x ( t )  = 6
2
As conjugate is a nonlinear operator, so the 4
given system is nonlinear.
t
-4 -2 1 2 4
For system-3 :
d 2 y (t ) dy ( t ) t Applying second operation, i.e. scaling
4 +t⋅ + e ⋅ y (t ) = x (t )
dt 2
dt by 2
 3.28 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
x (2t + 2) During interval −2 < t < 0 , expression
of y2 ( t ) is,
6
y2 ( t ) = −3t
4
 1
∴ y2 ( t ) t =−0.25 sec = −3 ×  −  = 0.75 …(ii)
-2 -1 1 1 2
t  4
2 Hence, y ( t ) t =−0.25 sec = y1 ( t ) t =−0.25 sec
Finally taking time reversal, we get
+ y2 ( t ) t =−0.25 sec
y1 ( t ) as shown below
y, (t ) = x (-2t + 2) Substituting values from equations (i) and (ii),
we get
Slope = 4 6
Slope = -6
y ( t ) t =−0.25 sec = 5 + 0.75 = 5.75
4
Hence, the correct answer is 5.75.
t
-2 -1 -1 1 2 14. (A)
2
h(n) = δ(n − 5) − (− 0.5) n u (n) − 8(2) n u (−n − 3)
1
During interval − < t < 0 , expression ZT
δ(n − 5) ←⎯→ z −5
2
of y1 ( t ) is ZT 1 1
(− 0.5) n u (n) ←⎯→ ROC : z >
(1 + 0.5 z −1 ) 2
y1 ( t ) = 4t + 6 ZT
x(n) ←⎯→ X ( z)
∴ y1 ( t ) t =−0.25 sec = 4 × ( −0.25 ) + 6 = 5 b 1
ZT
x(an + b) ←⎯→ z X ( z ) a a
…(i)
n
(ii) To find y2 ( t ) = x ( −t − 2 ) 1 ZT 1 1
  u (n) ←⎯→ ROC: z >
2  1 −1  2
Again applying operations from right to 1 − z 
left  2 
− n −3
x (t - 2) 1 ZT  1 
  u (−n − 3) ←⎯→ z3 
2 1 
 1− z 
 2 
6
1 1
4 ROC : >
z 2
t
2 4 5 6 8 ZT z3
8(2) n u (−n − 3) ←⎯→ z <2
Applying time reversal to get y2 (t ) = x(-t - 2)  1 
1 − z 
 2 
 1  z3
H ( z ) = z −5 −  −1 
− ,
 1 + 0.5 z  1 − 1 z 
 
 2 
1
0 < z <2
2
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.29

 1   2z 
2
X (s) =
( s + 1)( 5s + 11) = 5s + 11
H ( z ) = z −5 −  +
−1   −1 
,
 1 + 0.5 z   1 − 2 z  ( s + 1)( s + 2 )( s + 3) ( s + 2 )( s + 3)
1 ∴ ROC of X ( s ) is R e {s} > −2
< z <2
2
Given ROC : Re {s} > P
Hence, the correct option is (A).
P = −2
15. –2
Hence, the correct answer is – 2.
2s + 3
Given : X 1 ( s ) = 16. (D)
( s + 1)( s + 2 )
3s + 1 Given : x(t ) = er (t ) = et u (t )
X2 (s) =
( s + 1)( s + 3) 1, t > 0
u (t ) = 
Let X ( s ) = X 1 ( s ) + X 2 ( s ) 0, t < 0
e t t >0
As X 1 ( s ) and X 2 ( s ) are Laplace transforms of ∴ x(t ) = e tu ( t )
=
1 t<0
right sided signals, so the ROC of X ( s ) will be
t
∴ x(t ) = e u (t ) + u
(−t ) …(i)
the region in s-plane, right to the right most pole.
x1 ( t ) x2 ( t )
X ( s ) = X1 ( s ) + X 2 ( s )
x1 (t ) = et u (t )
2s + 3 3s + 1
X (s) = + 1
( s + 1)( s + 2 ) ( s + 1)( s + 3) ∴ X1 (s) =
s −1
, Re{s} > 1

X (s) =
( 2s + 3)( s + 3) + ( 3s + 1)( s + 2 ) x2 (t ) = u (−t )
( s + 1)( s + 2 )( s + 3) −1
2 2 ∴ X 2 ( s) =
, Re{s} < 0
2 s + 6 s + 3s + 9 + 3s + 6s + s + 2 s
X (s) =
( s + 1)( s + 2 )( s + 3) Using linearity properly, Laplace transform of
5s 2 + 16 s + 11 x(t ) from equation (i)
X (s) =
( s + 1)( s + 2 )( s + 3) X ( s) =
1 1
− , ROC :
s −1 s
5s 2 + 5s + 11s + 11
X ( s) = [ Re {s} > 1] ∩ [ Re {s} < 0]
( s + 1)( s + 2 )( s + 3)
jω As there is no common area between ROC, so
ROC is not defined, hence Laplace transform
does not exist.
RO C Hence, the correct option is (D).
17. (A), (C), (D)
σ
−3 −2 Response of L.T.I system is given by,
y (t ) = x (t ) * h (t )
y (t ) = x (t ) * [δ(t + 1) + δ(t − 1)]
y (t ) = x (t + 1) + x (t − 1)
 3.30 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
x (t + 1), x (t − 1) and y (t ) can be plotted as ∴ Slope of y (t ) in the range −1 < t < 1 is
shown below zero.
x(t + 1) The shape of y (t ) is trapezoidal.
d
The plot of y (t ) can be drawn as shown
6 dt
Slope = -3 below,
d
t y (t )
-3 -1 1 dy

x(t - 1) 3

t
-3 -1 1 3

-3
6
Slope = +3
d
-1 1 3
t ∴ Energy of y (t ) will be
dt
y (t ) = x(t + 1) + x(t - 1)
 −1 2 3

E =   3 dt +  (− 3) 2 dt 
6  − 3 1 
E = 32 × 2 + (−32 ) × 2 = 36 J
t
-3 -1 1 3
Hence, the correct options are (A), (C) & (D).

18. 0.2454

Given signal x(t ) is shown below,

x(t )

t
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
t =0

During the overlapping interval, decreasing slope of the function is equal to increasing slope of other
function. So the net slope is zero. Hence the function x(t ) can be redrawn as
∴ x(t ) = r (t ) − r (t − 2)
x(t )
−2 s −2 s
1 e 1− e
X ( s) = 2
− 2 = 2
s s s2
1 − e−4 0.986
∴ X (s) s =2 = = = 0.2454 t
4 4 2

Hence, the correct answer is 0.2454.

GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.31

19. (C) From equation (ii),

x(t ) = − jtx1 (t )
d  sin 6ω .sin 3ω 
Given : X (ω) = …(i)
d ω  ω 
x(t ) = − jt.
1  t +6  t − 6 
 rect   − rect  
F .T . sin 6ω . sin 3ω 4j   6   6 
Let x1 (t ) ←⎯⎯ → X 1 (ω) =
ω −t  t +6  t − 6 
∴ x(t ) =  rect   − rect  
If x1 (t ) ←⎯
→ X 1 (ω) 4   6   6 
d Hence, the correct option is (C).
tx1 (t ) ←⎯
→j X 1 (ω)
dω 20. 10.67
d
∴ − jtx1 (t ) ←⎯
→ X 1 (ω) Given : X ( z ) = cos(4 z −1 )
dω
So, taking inverse Fourier transform in equation x2 x4 x6
cos x = 1 − + − + ......
(i), 2! 4! 6!
x(t ) = − jtx1 (t ) …(ii) ∴ cos(4 z −1 ) = X ( z )
sin 6ω.sin 3ω (4 z −1 ) 2 (4 z −1 ) 4 (4 z −1 ) 6
X 1 (ω) = c X ( z) = 1 − + − + ....
ω 2! 4! 6!
sin 3ω  e j 6ω − e− j 6ω  (4) 2 −2 (4)4 −4 (4)6 −6
X 1 (ω) = X ( z) = 1 − z + z − z + ......
ω  2j 
 2! 4! 6!
Taking inverse z-transform
1× 3   sin 3ω  j 6 ω − j 6 ω 
X 1 (ω) =  (e − e )
2 j   3ω   x[n] = δ[n] −
(4) 2
δ[n − 2]
2!
3
X 1 (ω) =  Sa(3ω).e j 6 ω − Sa(3ω)e− j 6 ω  …(iii) (4) 4 (4)6
2j + δ[n − 4] − δ[n − 6] + .......
4! 6!
t  ωτ 
We have, A rect   ←⎯→ AτSa    −(4) 2 (4) 4 −(4)6 
τ  2  x[n] = 1, 0, , 0, , 0, , 0....
↑ 2! 4! 6! 
1
For A = , τ = 6
6 (4) 4 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 32
∴ x[n] n = 4 = = =
1 t 4! 4 × 3 × 2 ×1 3
rect   ←⎯→ Sa (3ω)
6 6 x[n] n =4 = 10.67
1 t+6 Hence, the correct answer is 10.67.
∴ rect  → Sa(3ω).e j 6 ω
 ←⎯
6  6  21. (D)
1 t −6 Let Fourier series coefficients of input x(t ) are
rect   ←⎯ → Sa (3ω).e − j 6 ω
6  6 
Cn and of output y (t ) are d n .
From equation (iii), taking inverse F.T.
x(t )
3 1 t +6 1  t − 6 
x1 (t ) =  rect   − rect  
2 j 6  6  6  6 
2
1  t +6  t − 6 
x1 (t ) =  rect   − rect   t
4j   6   6  -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
 3.32 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®

x(t ) y (t ) t
h(t ) ∴ 2rect   ←⎯ →16 Sa (4ω)
8
Then, Cn and d n are related by the relation ∴ H (ω) = 16 Sa (4ω)

d n = H (ω) ω= nω0 Cn …(i) ∴ d n = H (ω) ω= nω Cn

0

Where, H (ω) is Fourier transform of impulse  nπ 

d n = 16 Sa (4ω) ω= n π Sa  
response h(t ) and ω0 is the fundamental 4  2 
frequency of input signal x(t ) .  π   nπ 
d n = 16 Sa  4 × n  Sa  
2π π  4  2 
Here T0 = 8, ω0 = =
T0 4 sin nπ  nπ 
d n = 16 Sa  
T0
2
nπ  2 
1
∴ Cn =
T0 
−T0
x(t ) ⋅ e− jnω0t dt ∴ d n = 0 for n ≠ 0
2 Hence, the correct option is (D).
4 2
1 1 22. 0.03307
Cn = 
8 −4
x(t )e− jnω0t dt =  2e − jnω0t dt
8 −2
Given signal x(t ) can be expressed in terms of
2
1e 
− jnω0t
1 e − j 2 nω0
−e j 2 nω0
 difference of delayed cosine signals as
Cn =   =  
4  − jnω0  −2 4  − jnω0  4cos 2tu (t )

1  e j 2 nω0 − e− j 2 nω0  1 4
p 3p
Cn =  = sin 2nω0
2nω0  2j  2nω0 2 2
t
p 2p
 nπ 
sin  
1  π  2 
Cn = sin  2n  =
π  4  nπ  4cos 2(t - p) u (t - p)
2n ×  
4  2  3p 5p
2 2
 nπ  3p
∴ Cn = Sa   …(ii) p 2p t
 2 
h(t )
4cos 2(t - p) u (t - 2p)

2
5p
2
t
2p 3p
t
-4 4

2, t <4
Given, h(t ) =  4cos 2(t - p) u (t - p) - 4cos 2(t - 2p)u (t - 2p) = x(t )
0, Otherwise
t
∴ h(t ) = 2rect  
8 p 3p 2p
t
2
 t  F .T .  ωτ 
A rect   ←⎯⎯ → AτSa  
τ  2 
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.33
x(t ) = 4 cos 2(t − π)u (t − π) 4s
X ( s) = 2
e−πs − e−2 πs 
−4 cos 2(t − 2π)u (t − 2π) …(i) s +4
4s 4se−πs
4 cos 2t u (t ) ←⎯
→ , Re{s} > 0  X ( s) = 2
(1 − e−πs )
2
s +4 s +4
4se−πs 4 ×1
4 cos 2 (t − π) u (t − π) ←⎯
→ , Re{s} > 0 ∴ X ( s ) s =1 = 2 e −π − e −2 π 
s2 + 4 (1) + 4
4se −2 πs 4
4cos 2(t − 2π) u (t − 2π) ←⎯
→ , Re{s} > 0 X ( s ) s =1 = × 0.0413
s2 + 4 5
4se −πs 4se −2 πs ∴ X ( s) s =1 = 0.03307
∴ X ( s) = − , Re{s} > 0
s2 + 4 s2 + 4 Hence, the correct answer is 0.03307.

23. (D)

Using long division method to find inverse z-transform x [ n] :

4 z 6 + 5z5 - 8z 4 + 2 z 2
z 7 + 2 z 6 + 5z5 + 1 4 z -1 - 3 z -2 - 22 z -3
4 z 6 + 8 z 5 + 20 z 4 + 4 z -1
- - - -
- 3 z 5 - 28 z 4 + 2 z 2 - 4 z -1
- 3 z 5 - 6 z 4 - 15 z 3 - 3 z -2
+ + + +
- 22 z + 15 z + 2 z 2 - 4 z -1 + 3 x -2
4 3

-22 z 4 - 44 z 3 - 110 z 2 - 22 z -3
+ + + +
59 z - 108 z - 4 z -1 + 3 x -2 + 22 z -3
3 2

X ( z ) = 4 z −1 − 3 z −2 − 22 z −3 + ....
Taking inverse z-transform, x [ n] = 4δ( n − 1) − 3δ( n − 2) − 22δ( n − 3) + ....
or in tabular form, x [n] = { 0 , 4, −3, −22,....}
↑
n=0

Hence value of x [ n] for n = 3 is – 22.

Hence, the correct option is (D).
∞ t
24. 3.25 − 1 7
 f (t )e 2 dt = F   =
2 4
 ∞ ∞ t
− dt  −∞
Given : I =   f (t )e−t dt +  f (t )e 2
 3 7
 −∞ −∞  I= + = 3.25
2 4
Comparing with equation of F.T.,
∞
Hence, the correct answer is 3.25.

− j ωt
F (ω) = f (t )e dt 25. (A)
−∞

∞ Given : x1[n] = u [n] − u [n − 4]

3

−∞
f (t )e − t dt = F (1) =
2 x2 [n] = u [−n]
 3.34 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
x1[n] x(t ) = e s0t = e− 4t
∴ s0 = − 4
1
2 2
H ( s ) s = s0 = 2
=
n (−4) + 4 20
n=0 1 2 3
2 − 4t
∴ y (t ) = e
20
Comparing with given output y (t ) = Ae − 4t , we
get
2
-1 -2 -3 0 A= = 0.1
20
Signals, x1 [n], x2 [n] and their product h [ n] are Hence, the correct answer is 0.1.
shown in figure. 27. (C)
h [n] = x1[n] × x2 [n]
Given : x (t ) = sgn(sin t )

1 1 t >0
As sgn (t ) = 
−1 t < 0
n=0
n  1 sin t > 0
Similarly, sgn (sin t ) = 
As, h [n] = δ [n] −1 sin t < 0
sin(t )
y [ n] = x [n]* h [ n] = x [ n]* δ [ n]
∴ y [n] = x [ n] -2p -p p 2p 3p
t
x [ n] y [ n]
h [n] = d[n]
x (t ) = sgn(sin t )
So, the system is static, causal and LTI.
Hence, the correct option is (A). 1
26. 0.1 t
-2p -p p 2p 3p 4p
Given : x(t ) = e −4t , h(t ) = sin 2t u (t )
-1
Wave form for x (t ) = sgn (sin t ) is shown in
As, any input of the form x(t ) = e s0 t to a LTI figure.
system is the Eigen function, for which output From the waveform, it is clear that x (t ) is odd
of the system is given as
and half wave symmetric signal.
y (t ) = H ( s ) s = s0 e s0 t …(i) As x (t ) is odd, so area under one time period is
( H ( s ) s = s0 = Eigen value, e s0t = Eigen function) zero, hence average value a0 = 0 . Also, as x (t )
Here, h(t ) = sin 2t u (t ) is odd, so its Fourier series expansion will not
2 contain cosine terms, so an = 0 only bn exists
H ( s) = 2
s +4 and as x (t ) is half wave symmetric signal.
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.35

So only odd harmonics will exist. So bn exists I1 I 2 I 3

I= + +
only for n = odd . 2 4 4
Hence, the correct option is (C). 2π 2π 2π
I= + + = 2π
28. (D) 2 4 4
Hence, the correct option is (D).
Given : x[n] = {− 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, − 2}
29. (D)
π

 X (e
jω 2
I= ) cos ω d ω Given : y (t ) = tri (t ) * cos 2πt
−π
Applying Fourier transform,
π
1 + cos 2ω 
I =  X (e j ω )   d ω
 ω
Y (ω) = sinc 2   × π[δ(ω − 2π) + δ(ω + 2π)]
 2
−π  2π 
π π
X (e j ω ) X (e jω ) cos 2ω Y (ω) = π sinc 2 (1) δ(ω − 2π)
I= − π 2 d ω + − π 2
dω
+ π sinc 2 (−1)δ(ω + 2π)
π π
1 1 [By product property of impulse]
I =  X (e j ω ) d ω +  X ( e j ω ) e j 2 ω d ω
2 −π 4 −π Y (ω) = 0 [sinc(any integer value) = 0]

1
π By definition of Fourier transform,
+  X (e j ω ) e − j 2 ω d ω ∞
4 −π
 y(t ) e
− jωt
Y (ω) = dt
1 1 1 −∞
I= I1 + I 2 + I 3 …(i)
2 4 4 At ω = 0 ,
π ∞

Where, I1 =  X (e
jω
) dω Y (0) =  y(t ) dt
−∞
−π

π ∞

I2 =  X (e
jω
) e j 2ωd ω ∴  y(t ) dt = Y (0) = 0
−∞
−π

π Hence, the correct option is (D).

and I 3 = 
−π
X (e j ω ) e − j 2 ω d ω
30. (C)

Comparing I1 , I 2 and I 3 with the equation of Given : Periodic signal x(t ) as shown in figure
inverse DTFT i.e., below,
2π
1
x[n] = 
2π − π
X (e jω ) e jωn d ω

I1 = 2πx[n] at n =0 = 2πx(0) = 2π
0
I 2 = 2πx[n] at n = 2 = 2πx(2) = 2π
For causal repeating signal x(t ) , the Laplace
I 3 = 2 πx[ n] at n = − 2 = 2πx ( − 2) = 2π transform is given as
Substituting values of I1 , I 2 and I 3 in equation X ( s)
X ( s ) = 1 −Ts …(i)
(i), 1− e
 3.36 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
Where, X 1 ( s ) is the Laplace transform of signal ∞
ak
x [ n] =  δ [n − k ]......
x1 (t ) as shown in figure below, k =1 k

(As given in option (B))

an
x [ n] =u [n − 1]......
n
(As given in option (A))
0
So, only option (C) does not represent x [ n] .
x1 (t ) can be expressed as
Hence, the correct option is (C).
1 1
x1 (t ) = r (t ) − r (t − T ) − u (t − T ) 32. 16
T T
1 e− sT e − sT Given :
∴ X1 (s) = − − 1. f (t )u (t ) = f (t )
Ts 2 Ts 2 s
1 − sT e− sT According to this statement, f (t ) is
X 1 (s) = (1 − e ) −
Ts 2 s causal, i.e., f (t ) = 0 for t < 0
From equation (i) we get, t

∴
X ( s) 1
X ( s ) = 1 −Ts = 2 −
e − sT 2. 
−∞
f (t )δ(t − 2)dt = 4e −1u (t − 2)
1− e Ts s (1 − e −Ts )
f (t )δ(t − 2) = f (2)δ(t − 2)
Hence, the correct option is (C).
So, L.H.S. becomes,
31. (C)
t t

 1 
Given : X ( z ) = ln  = − ln (1 − az −1 )  f (2)δ(t − 2)dt = f (2)  δ(t − 2)dt
−1  −∞ −∞
 1 − az 
t
x 2 x3 x 4
ln (1 − x) = − x − − − .......  f (2)δ(t − 2)dt = f (2)u (t − 2)
2 3 4 −∞

x 2 x3 x 4 Given, f (2)u (t − 2) = 4e−1u (t − 2)

− ln (1 − x) = x + + + .......
2 3 4 So, f (2) = f (t ) t =2 = 4e −1 …(i)
−1
X ( z ) = − ln (1 − az )
df (t )
a2 a3 3. 2 f (t ) + 4 =0
X ( z ) = az −1 + z −2 + z −3 + ....... dt
2 3
It is a homogeneous first order
Taking inverse Z-transform
differential equation, for which
a2 characteristic equation is given as
x [n] = aδ [n − 1] + δ [n − 2]
2 4D + 2 = 0
a3 1
+
δ [n − 3] + ...... D=−
3 2
[As given in option (D)] Solution for f (t ) follows,
 a 2 a3
x [n] = 0, a, , ,....... 1
− t
↑ 2 3 f (t ) = ce 2
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.37
To find value of constant ‘c’, using 34. (C)
result of equation (i),
1 The convolved signal will have the periodicity
− ×2
−1
f (t ) t = 2 = ce 2
= 4e of N = 3 × 4 = 2 × 6 = 12 . So, the resulting
So, the value of constant c is 4. Fourier coefficients would be = Nck d k where
Therefore, signal f (t ) is, ck , d k are Fourier series coefficient of the signal
1
− t x1 (n) and x2 (n) respectively.
f (t ) = 4e 2

But from statement 1, f (t ) is causal and Hence, Fourier series coefficient of the resultant
equal to f (t )u (t ) . signal = 12ck d k
1
− t Hence, the correct option is (C).
So, f (t ) = 4e 2
u (t )
 Key Point
− at 1 Energy
e u (t ) ⎯⎯⎯→ Convolution in time domain corresponds to
2a
1
multiplication in frequency domain. Since, ck
− t
Energy 1
e 2
u (t ) ⎯⎯⎯=1 → and d k represents the coefficients of variable
1
2×
2 harmonics of frequency components present
Using amplitude scaling property of in Fourier series representation. So, the
energy signals. resultant coefficient will be product of ck and
t
−
Energy dk .
4e 2 u (t ) ⎯⎯⎯ → 42 ×1 = 16 J
Hence, the correct answer is 16. 35. (A)
33. (B) Given : Transfer function of the system is given
a
−1 as,
Given : X ( z ) = e = eaz z

2 3
H ( z ) = 1 + 2 z −1 − 3 z −2 + 2 z −3 + z −4
x x
As ex = 1 + x + + + ....... Here, h(0) = 1, h(1) = 2, h(2) = −3
2! 3!
−1 a 2 −2 a 3 −3 h(3) = 2, h(4) = 1
X ( z ) = e az = 1 + az −1 +
z + z + .......
2! 3! Here, N =5
Taking inverse Z-transform,  h( n) = h(4 − n)
a2 Here, h(0) = h(4) = 1, h(1) = h(3) = 2
x [n] = δ [n] + aδ [n − 1] + δ [n − 2]
2!
Hence, this filter is symmetric and has linear
a3
+ δ [n − 3] + ....... phase about n = 2.
3!
Hence, the correct option is (A).
 a 2 a3 
x [n] = 1, a, , ,.......  Key Point
 2! 3! 
A filter is said to be symmetric and has linear
an phase if for some N ,
∴ x [n] = u[n]
n!
h( n) = h( N − 1 − n)
Hence, the correct option is (B).
 3.38 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®

36. 4 t
∴ x(t ) = Sa  
4
Given : X (ω) is shown in figure
X (ω) = 4 π rect (2ω) …(i) g (t ) = x(t ) + x (t )
ætö
x(t ) = Sa ç ÷
è4ø

-12p 12p
-4p 4p t
-8p 8p

Fourier transform of rectangular signal is given t t

as sin   sin  
g (t ) = 4 + 4
t  ωτ  t t
A rect   ←⎯ → Aτ Sa      
τ  2  4 4
Applying duality property, x (t ) + x(t )
tτ  −ω 
A τSa   ←⎯ → 2 πA rect   2
2  τ 
 ω
= 2π Arect   …(ii) t
τ -12p -8p -4p 4p 8p 12p 16p

 ω
2 πA rect   ≈ 4 π rect (2ω) t t
τ sin   sin  
g (0) = Lt  4  + Lt 4
1 t →0  t  t →0  t 
A= 2, τ=    
2 4 4
Using result of equation (ii),
g (0) = 1 + 1 = 2
tτ  ω
A τSa   ←⎯ → 2 πA rect   ∴ 2 g (0) = 2 × 2 = 4
 2 τ
Waveform of g (t ) is also shown in figure.
1
For A = 2 , τ = Hence, the correct answer is 4.
2
t 37. (C)
Sa   ←⎯ → 4 π rect (2ω)
4 −4
Given : y (t ) = x ( −4t + 8)
ætö
x(t ) = Sa ç ÷
5
è4ø As time shifting, time scaling, time reversal,
amplitude scaling or amplitude reversal do not
1 effect invertibility of the system, so the system
is invertible.
t To find inverse system,
-12p -8p -4p 4p 8p 12p 16p
(i) Replace t in x(t ) by τ
x ( −4t + 8) → x ( −4τ + 8)
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.39

(ii) Put bracket term of x equal to ‘t’ and  2 3 x 

 x + 2 x + 3 x + .... =
find value of τ (1 − x ) 
2

8−t  Provided x < 1 
−4τ + 8 = t  τ =  
4
−4 ∴ h ( n) = δ [ n − 2 ]
(iii) Amplitude of system A =
5 x ( n) y ( n)
h1 (n) = d (n - 2)
1 −5
∴ Amplitude of inverse system = = ∴ y ( n) = x ( n) * δ( n − 2) = x ( n − 2)
A 4
Inverse system is given as, For x( n) = nu ( n),
1 x( n − 2) = ( n − 2)u (n − 2) = y ( n)
z (t ) = x (t ) = y (τ)
A y [ n] = (n − 2) u (n − 2)
−5  8 − t 
∴ z (t ) = y  0, n<2
4  4  y [ n] = 
(n − 2), n≥2
Hence, the correct option is (C).
∴ y (5) = 3
38. 3
y (n) = (n - 2)u (n - 2)
Equivalent of the cascaded system is given as,
x ( n) y ( n) x ( n) y ( n)
h1 (n) h2 (n) h3 (n) h3 (n) hk (n) Þ h( n)

where, h(n) = h1 (n) * h2 (n) * h3 (n) * ......hk (n)

1  1 
2

h(n) = δ  n − 1.  * δ  n − 2 ×   
 2    2  
 From the graph y(5) = 3
1 
3

*δ  n − 3 ×    *....upto ∞ …(i) Hence, the correct answer is 3.

  2  
39. (B), (C)
From the property of convolution,
δ(n − n1 ) * δ(n − n2 ) * δ(n − n3 )... Given transform X (ω) for signal x(t ) is shown
in figure,
= δ [ n − (n1 + n2 + n3 ...)]
X(w)
From equation (i),
 2
1 
∞ k

h( n) = δ  n −  k .    …(ii)
 k =1  2  
w
k 2 3 –2 0 4
∞
1 1 1 1
 k. 2  = 1.   + 2.   + 3.   + ........∞
2 2 2
From figure it can be observed that given
k =1
transform is real but neither even nor odd. So
1 1 from symmetry conditions of Fourier transform,
∞ k
 
1
 k.  =
2
 
2
2
= 2 =2
1
following conclusions can be made :
k =1  1 (i) Time domain signal is neither even nor
1 −  4
 2 odd and will be complex in nature.
 3.40 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
So, x ( − t ) ≠ x (t ) and x * (t ) ≠ x (t ) π − π 2f
2 2

∴ X(f ) = e
Hence, options (A) & (D) are wrong. 2
(ii) As the transform is real, so time domain π − π 2f
2
π −π2 f π 2 2
2 2 2

signal x(t ) must be conjugate Y( f ) = e × e = e −π f

2 2 2
symmetric, i.e., x * ( − t ) = x (t ) ∞

 y(t )e
− j 2 πft
Hence, option (B) is correct. We know that, Y ( f ) = dt
−∞
From Rayleigh energy theorem, ∞
∞
1
∞ Y (0) =  y(t )dt
 
2 2
x(t ) dt = X (ω) d ω −∞
−∞
2π − ∞ ∞
π
 y(t )dt = Y (0) = 2 e
− π2 ×02
Y (0) =
1  
∞ 0 4

   X (ω) d ω +  X (ω) d ω
2 2 2
x(t ) dt = −∞

−∞
2π  − 2 0  ∞
π
…(i)
Y (0) =
−∞
 y (t )dt = 2 = 1.57
For − 2 < ω < 0 , X (ω) is a half triangular signal Hence, the correct answer is 1.57.
with amplitude A = 2 and half width τ = 2 .  Key Point
0 2
A2 τ 4 × 2 8 Any signal of the form x(t ) = e − at will have

2
∴ X (ω) d ω = = =
−2
3 3 3 the fourier transform X ( f ) = Ae− Bf
2

For 0 < ω < 4 , X (ω) is a rectangular signal π

with amplitude A = 2 and total width τ = 4 . Where, A = and B = πA2 .
a
4

 X (ω)
2
∴ d ω = A2 τ = 4 × 4 = 16 41. (B)
0

∴ From equation (i), Given : x ( t ) = 2 cos ( 4t − 300 ) + 2 cos ( 4t + 300 )

4
1 8  1 56 28  e j ( 4t −300 ) + e− j ( 4t −300 ) 

2
x(t ) dt =  + 16  = × = x (t ) = 2  
0
2π  3  2π 3 3π  2 
 
So, option (C) is also correct.
 e j ( 4t +300 ) + e − j ( 4t +300 ) 
Hence, the correct options are (B) & (C). +2  
 2 
40. 1.57  
j ( 4 t − 30 )
0
− j ( 4 t − 30 )
0
j ( 4 t + 30 )
0
− j ( 4 t + 30 )
0

x (t ) = e
2
Given : Signal is, x(t ) = e−2t +e +e +e
Also, y (t ) = x ( t ) * x ( t ) x ( t ) = e j 4t e − j 30 + e − j 4t e j 30 + e j 4t e j 30
0 0 0

Taking fourier transform on both sides, we get 0

+e − j 4t e − j 30
Y( f ) = X ( f )X ( f )

Here, X ( f ) = A.e− Bf
2 ( 0

)
x ( t ) = e j 4 t e j 30 + e − j 30 + e − j 4 t e j 30 + e − j 30
0

( 0 0

)
2
x ( t ) = e j 4t × 2cos 300 + e − j 4t × 2 cos 300
π π
where, A = and B = πA2 =
2 2 x ( t ) = 3e j 4t + 3e− j 4t
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.41
∴ Exponential Fourier series coefficient of Signal x(t ) is shown below,
x ( t ) are C1 = 3 and C−1 = 3 . x(t)
A3
1
C1 + C−1 = 3 + 3 = 2 3 2
–2 –1 – 0.5 0 3 1
Hence, the correct option is (B). A1 1
t
A2 A4
3
42. (C) –1
Slope = – 1
For the continuous time linear system, given
Slope = – 2 – 2
input-output relation is, Slope = – 3
x(t ) y( t ) From plot of x(t ) ,
e j 6t e j14t x(t ) t =− 0.5 = 0 + {(− 2) × 0.5} = − 1
− j 6t − j14 t
e e
 2
x(t ) t = 2 = 1 + (− 3) ×  = − 1
T {e } = e
j 6t j14 t
3  3
T {e− j 6t } = e− j14t So, options (A) and (B) are correct.
∞
For given input, x(t ) = cos(6t + 8)
j (6 t +8) − j (6 t +8)
Total area of x(t ) =  x(t ) dt = A + A 1 2 + A3 + A4
e +e −∞
x(t ) =
2 1 1
A1 = ×1× (−1) = −
e j8 e − j 8 − j 6t 2 2
x(t ) = × e j 6t + ×e
2 2  1
   A2 = ×1× (− 2) = −1
x1 ( t ) x2 ( t ) 2
As the given system is linear, so output for 1 1 1
A3 = × ×1 =
x(t ) = x1 (t ) + x2 (t ) is y (t ) = y1 (t ) + y2 (t ) 2 3 6
T {e j 6t } = e j14t 1 2 2
A4 = × × (− 2) = −
2 3 3
 e j8  e j8
∴ T  × e j 6t  = × e j14t = y1 (t ) ∞
1 1 2 12
 2  2 ∴  x(t ) dt = − 2 − 1 + 6 − 3 = − 6 = −2
T {e− j 6t } = e− j14t
−∞
And
0
1 3
T
 e − j 8 − j 6t  e − j 8 − j14t
×e  = ×e = y2 (t )  x(t ) dt = A + A1 2 = − −1 = −
2 2
 2  2 −∞

1 Hence, the correct options are (A), (B) & (D).

∴ y (t ) = [ e j 8 × e j14t + e− j 8 × e− j14t ]
2 44. (C)
j (14 t +8) − j (14 t +8)
+e
e Given : x(n) = {1,3, 2,1}
y (t ) = = cos(14t + 8) ↑
2
x( n) = δ( n + 1) + 3δ( n) + 2δ( n − 1) + δ( n − 2)
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Taking Z-transform on both sides, we get
43. (A), (B), (D)
X ( z ) = z + 3 + 2 z −1 + z −2
Given :
x(t ) = − r (t + 2) + u (t + 1) − r (t + 1) X (2 z ) = 2 z + 3 + 2(2 z ) −1 + (2 z ) −2
+3u (t ) − r (t ) + 2u (t − 1) + 3r (t − 1) X (2 z ) = 2 z + 3 + z −1 + 0.25 z −2
 3.42 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
∴ Inverse z-transform of X (2 z ) will be Taking z-transform, we get
2δ( n + 1) + 3δ( n) + δ( n − 1) + 0.25 δ( n − 2) 0.36 z −1
H ( z ) = 0.8 +
Hence, the correct option is (C). 1 + 0.8 z −1
45. (D) 0.8 + 0.64 z −1 + 0.36 z −1 0.8 + z −1
H ( z) = =
1 + 0.8 z −1 1 + 0.8 z −1
Given : h [ n] = 0.8δ [ n] + 0.36 (− 0.8) n −1 u [ n − 1]
Since the numerator and denominator
By using property, coefficients of H ( z ) appear in reverse order, it
z −1 is an all pass filter.
(− a) n −1 u (n − 1) ←⎯⎯
Z.T.
→
1 + az −1 Hence, the correct option is (D).
46. (B)
Given :

…(i)

According to the differentiation property in frequency domain,

d
j  X (e jω )  ←⎯⎯
DTFT
→ n x ( n)
dω
d
 X (e jω )  ←⎯⎯DTFT
→ − jn x(n)
dω 
n n n
15 5 15
∴ y (n) = − jn ×   = − j  =  
n3 3 j 3
Hence, the correct option is (B).
Comparing with 5e − jαω , we get α = 2 .
47. 2
Hence, the correct answer is 2.
Given : x ( n) = 5 δ(8 − 4n)
48. (A), (D), (C)
 b
δ( an + b) = δ  n +  [ δ(an) = δ(n)] Average value of x(t ) is,
 a
1 2
2 0
 8 [ x(t )]avg =x(t ) dt
δ( − 4n + 8) = δ  n −  = δ( n − 2)
 4 1 1 1
[ x(t )]avg =  1 dt = (t )10 = 0.5
The DTFT can be written as, 2 0 2
∞
Exponential Fourier series coefficient is,
X (e jω ) =  x ( n) e − jωn

1
2


n =−∞
Cn = 1e − jnω0t dt
DTFT
δ(n) ←⎯⎯ →1 20
DTFT
δ(n − a ) ←⎯⎯ → e − jωa
2π
But ω0 = =π,
2
DTFT
δ(− 4n + 8) = δ(n − 2) ←⎯⎯ → e− j 2ω 2 1
1 1
Cn =  e − jnπt dt =  e − jnπt dt
DTFT
5δ(− 4n + 8) = 5δ(n − 2) ←⎯⎯ → 5e − j 2 ω 20 20
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.43
1
1  e − jnπt  1  1 − e − jnπ  1
Cn = ×  (−1) n −1 u (n − 1) ←⎯
Z
→
 =   z +1
2  − jnπ 0 2  jnπ 
∴ Inverse Z-transform of X ( z ) will also
1  1 − (−1) n 
Cn =   be x(n) = (−1) n −1 u (n − 1) , which is an
2  jnπ 
infinite duration and causal sequence.
1 Hence, the correct options are (B), (C) & (D).
Cn = ; n odd
jnπ
50. (A)
= 0; n even
n
1 1  1
Cn = = ; n odd Given : x(n) =  −  u (−n − 3)
jnπ nπ  4
z
= 0; n even Z .T .
u (n) ←⎯⎯ →
z −1
1
C− n = = − Cn By time inversion property,
− nπ
1
∴ Magnitude of Cn is odd for odd values 1
u (− n) ←⎯⎯Z .T .
→ z = ROC : z < 1
1
of n and zero for even values of n. −1 1 − z
Hence, the correct options are (A), (B) & (C). z
49. (B), (C), (D) By time shifting property,
Z .T . z3
1 1 u (−(n + 3)) ←⎯⎯ → ROC : z < 1
Given : X ( z ) = , X ( z) = = (1 + z ) −1 1− z
z +1 z +1
By time scaling property,
X ( z ) = 1 − z + z 2 − z 3 + .....
z
Taking inverse z-transform, we get a n x [ n ] ←⎯⎯
Z .T .
→X   ;
a
x(n) = {........., − 1, 1, − 1, 1} n
↑
 1 Z .T . ( − 4 z )3
From the above sequence, it can be concluded  −  u ( − ( n + 3)) ←⎯⎯ →
 4 1 − (− 4 z )
that x(n) is an infinite duration and anticausal
− 64 z 3 1
sequence. = ROC : z <
1+ 4z 4
Z z
We know that, (−1) n u (n) ←⎯ → − 64 z 3 1
z +1 X ( z) = ; ROC : z <
1+ 4z 4
n −1 z −1 × z
Z
(−1) u (n − 1) ←⎯→ Hence, the correct option is (A).
z +1
51. 12
π π
Given : x [ n ] = cos n 2 + cos n 2
4 6
Let x [ n ] = x1 [ n ] + x2 [ n ]
π π
Where x1 [ n ] = cos n 2 and x2 [ n ] = cos n 2
4 6
If x [ n ] is periodic with period N, then x [ n ± N ] = x [ n]
 3.44 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®

To find values of n for which values of x1 [ n] and x2 [ n] are repeated :

π π
n x1 [ n] = cos n2 n x2 [ n] = cos n2
4 6
n=0 cos 0 = 1 n=0 cos 0 = 1
n=4 cos 4π = 1 n=6 cos 6π = 1
n=8 cos16π = 1 n = 12 cos 24π = 1
n = 12 cos 36π = 1 n = 18 cos 54π = 1
n =1 π 1 n =1 π 3
cos = cos =
4 2 4 2
n=5 25π  π n=7 49π  π
cos = cos  6π +  cos = cos  8π + 
4  4 6  6
π 1 π 3
= cos = = cos =
4 2 6 2

x1 [ 0] = x1 [ 4] = x1 [8] = x2 [ 0] = x2 [ 6] = x2 [12] = 
x1 [1] = x1 [5] = x1 [9] =  x2 [1] = x2 [ 7] = x2 [13] = 
From above tables, we can conclude that time periods of x1 [ n] and x2 [ n] are respectively
N1 = 4 and N 2 = 6 .
Hence time period of x [ n] = LCM of ( N1 , N 2 ) .
∴ N = LCM of ( 4, 6 ) = 12
To check the result : If N1 is period of x1 [ n] , then x1 [ n + N1 ] = x1 [ n]
π π π
x1 [ n + 4] = cos ( n + 4 ) = cos ( n 2 + 8n + 16 ) = cos  n 2 + 2nπ + 4π 
2

4 4 4 
 π  π
cos  2π(n + 4) + n 2  = cos n 2 = x1 [ n ]
 4  4
Similarly we can check validity of N 2 .
Hence, the correct answer is 12.
1 s
52. (A) Using scaling property, x(αt ) ←⎯
→ X 
α α
Given : x (t ) * h(t ) = y (t )
1 s
Applying convolution property of Laplace Similarly, h(αt ) ←⎯
→ H 
α α
transform,
X ( s ).H ( s ) = Y ( s ) …(i) 1 s
y (αt ) ←⎯
→ Y 
L .T α α
x(t ) ←⎯⎯ → X ( s)
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.45

s  0, x1 (t ) < 0
Where, Y   can be obtained from equation y3 (t ) = 
α  x1 (t ) + x1 (t + 1), x1 (t ) ≥ 0
s
(i), by replacing s by .  0, x2 (t ) < 0
α +
 x2 (t ) + x2 (t + 1), x2 (t ) ≥ 0
s s s
Y   = X  × H   …(i)
α α α
Let x3 '(t ) = x1 (t ) + x2 (t )
1 s s
∴ y (αt ) ←⎯
→ X  × H   Then from the given relation
α α α
 0, x3 '(t ) < 0
Again, from convolution property, y3 '(t ) = 
 x3 '(t ) + x3 '(t + 1), x3 '(t ) ≥ 0
LT [ x(αt ) * h(αt )] = LT [ x(αt )] × L.T [ h(αt )]
i.e.,
1 s 1 s  0, x1 (t ) + x2 (t ) < 0
LT [ x(αt ) * h(αt )] = X  × H   
α α α α  x1 (t ) + x2 (t ) 
y3 '(t ) =  
1 1 s s  + x1 (t + 1)  , x1 (t ) + x2 (t ) ≥ 0
LT [ x(αt ) * h(αt )] = × X  × H   
α α α α  + x2 (t + 1) 
 
LT [ y ( αt )] …(ii)
Taking inverse Laplace transform, From equation (i) and (ii),
1 y3 '(t ) ≠ y3 (t )
x ( α t ) * h (α t ) = y (α t )
α So, the system is not following the additivity
property, hence it will be non linear.
In given problem α= − 4 ,
In the given relation, there is no extra ‘t’ term
1 1
So, x(− 4t ) * h(− 4t ) = y (−4t ) = y (−4t ) other than x(t ) and y (t ) , there is no time
−4 4
scaling in x(t ) or y (t ) , so the given system is
Hence, the correct option is (A). time invariant.
53. (D) Hence, the correct option is (D).
54. (A)
 0, x(t ) < 0
Given : y(t ) = 
 x(t ) + x(t + 1), x(t ) ≥ 0 1 + 2 z −1 + 3 z − 2 + 4 z − 3
Given : H ( z ) =
b0 + b1 z −1 + b2 z − 2 + b3 z − 3
As present output depends on future input {due
to term x (t + 1) }, so the system is dynamic and For all pass filter, if numerator is given by,
non causal. a0 + a 1 z −1 + a2 z − 2 + a3 z − 3

x1 (t ) < 0 Then, denominator will be,

 0,
y1 (t ) =  a3 + a2 z −1 + a1 z − 2 + a0 z − 3
 x1 (t ) + x1 (t + 1), x1 (t ) ≥ 0
where, a0 = 4, a1 = 3, a2 = 2, a3 = 1
 0, x2 (t ) < 0
y2 (t ) =  By comparing the equation with denominator
 x2 (t ) + x2 (t + 1), x2 (t ) ≥ 0 b0 = 4, b1 = 3, b2 = 2, b3 = 1
y3 (t ) = y1 (t ) + y2 (t ) Hence, the correct option is (A).
 3.46 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®

55. (C) Then using convolution property,

From the figure, differentiating x(t ) two times Cn = T0 .an .bn … (i)
so that we get impulse function from the given Where T0 = LCM of [ T1 and T2 ]
triangular function.
For x(t ) = cos πt , W01 = π
x(t )
2π
1 T1 = = 2sec
π
For g (t ) = sin πt , W02 = π
2 3 4
-4 -3 -2 0
t
2π
T2 = = 2sec
π
-1 ∴ T0 = LCM (2,2) = 2 sec
dx(t )
1 dt 1 1
Also x(t ) = cos πt = e jπt + e − jπt
2 2
2 3 4 1 1 
-4 -3 -2 0
t ∴ an =  , 0. 
2 2
-1 1
∴ a1 =
d 2 x(t ) 2d(t - 3) 2
d(t + 4) d(t + 2)
dt 1 jπt 1 − jπt
g (t ) = sin πt = e − e
-3 2 4 2j 2j
t
-4 -2 0 3
 −1 1
-d(t - 2) -d(t - 4)
∴ bn =  , 0, 
-2d(t + 3)
2 j 2j
1
d 2 x(t ) ∴ b1 =
= −δ(t − 2) + δ(t + 2) + 2δ(t − 3) 2j
dt 2
−2δ(t + 3) − δ(t − 4) + δ(t + 4) From equation (i),
Taking Fourier transform on both sides we get, Cn = T0 .an .bn
( jω) 2 X ( jω) = −e− j 2 ω + e j 2 ω +2e − j 3ω 1 1
C1 = T0 .a1.b1 = 2 × ×
− 2e j 3ω − e− j 4 ω + e j 4 ω 2 2j
[By differentiation property] 1 −j
∴ C1 = =
2 2j 2
X ( jω) = [sin(2 ω) − 2sin(3 ω) + sin(4 ω)]
jω2 Hence the correct option is (C).
Hence, the correct option is (C). 57. (D)
56. (C)
1 ; −1 < f < 1
F .S . Given : X ( f ) = 
Given : y (t ) = x (t ) * g (t ) and y (t ) ←⎯⎯
→ Cn 0 ; otherwise
If x(t ) ←⎯
→ an and g (t ) ←⎯
→ bn F .T .
x(t ) ←⎯⎯ →X(f )
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.47
By Parseval’s Theorem, y (t )
∞ ∞

 
2 2
f (t ) dt = F ( f ) df
−∞ −∞
1

By differentiation property, 2π
t
2 π
d
x(t ) ↔ F ( f ) = ( j 2πf ) 2 X ( f )
dt 2 −1
= − 4π 2 f 2 X ( f ) y (t ) = sin t u (t ) − sin t u (t − 2π)
∞ 1
2 y (t ) = sin t [u (t ) − u (t − 2π)]
  4π
2 2
f (t ) dt = f 2 df
−∞ −1 sin t , for 0 < t < 2π
y (t ) = 
∞ 1
 0, Otherwise
∴
 f (t ) dt = 16π4  f 4 df
2

−∞ −1
Hence, the correct option is (A).
∞ 59. 15.56
16π4 32π4

2
f (t ) dt = ×2 = 6
5 5
−∞
I =  (t + 4)δ(2t − 4) dt
Hence, the correct option is (D). −8
6
58. (A)
+  4 cos πt ⋅ δ '(t − 0.5) dt
Given for an LTI system, h(t ) = u (t ) −8

cos t , 0 < t < 2π I = I1 + I 2 …(i)

x(t ) = 
 0, Otherwise 6
1
6

x(t ) = cos t[u (t ) − u (t − 2π)]

I1 =  (t + 4)δ(2t − 4) dt =
−8
2 −8
(t + 4)δ(t − 2) dt

Output of LTI system is given as,

 1 
y (t ) = x (t ) * h (t )  δ(2t − 4) = δ {2(t − 2)} = 2 δ(t − 2) 
t
y (t ) = x(t )* u (t ) =  x(τ) d τ 1
I1 = (t + 4)
−∞ 2 t =2
(From the property of convelution)
t
b 
  x(t ) δ(t − t0 ) dt = x(t ) if a < t0 < b 
y (t ) =  cos τ{u(τ) − u(τ − 2π)} d τ
−∞
 a t =t0

t t 1
I1 = ×6 = 3
y (t ) = 
−∞
cos τu (τ) d τ − 
−∞
cos τu (τ − 2π) d τ 2
6
t
y (t ) =  cos τ d τ −  cos τ d τ
t
I2 =  4 cos πt ⋅ δ '(t − 0.5) dt
−8

0
  2 π
  d
for t > 0 for t > 2 π
I2 = − (4 cos πt )
y (t ) = [sin τ]t0 − [sin τ]t2 π dt t = 0.5
   
for t > 0 for t > 2 π b dx(t ) 
y (t ) = [sin t − sin 0] − [sin t − sin 2π]   x(t ) ⋅ δ '(t − t0 ) dt = − if a < t0 < b 
     a dt t =t0 
for t > 0 for t > 2 π
 3.48 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
π 61. 5.013
I 2 = (4π sin πt ) t =0.5 = 4π sin
2 2

I 2 = 4π = 12.56 Given signal is, x(t ) = 4e − 2t

Substituting values of I1 and I 2 in equation (i), The Fourier transform of x(t ) will be,
∞
I = 3 + 12.56 = 15.56 X ( f ) =  x(t )e − j 2 πft dt
−∞
Hence, the correct answer is 15.56.
∞
60. (C) X (0) =  x(t ) dt
−∞
As coefficients are either constant or for y (t ) , it
Area under, x(t ) = X (0)
is ' t ' , which is function of independent variable, 2 2

so the system is linear but time variant, so − 2t 2 π − π 2f

FT
and e ←⎯→ e
options (A) and (B) are incorrect. 2
Stability of non LTI systems are analyzed using π − π 2f
2 2

− 2t 2 FT
zero input response (ZIR). 4e ←⎯→ 4 e
2
For ZIR, x(t ) = 0
d π
∴ y (t ) − 5ty (t ) = 0 ∴ Area under, x(t ) = 4 = 5.013
dt 2
dy (t ) Hence, the correct answer is 5.013.
= 5t y (t )
dt 62. (C)
Using variable separable method,
Given spectrum is, X (ω) = 5
1
dy (t ) = 5t dt For option (A) :
y (t )
Integrating both sides,  t   t  FT 1 1
δ(t ) + δ   + δ   ←⎯→ 1+ + =7
t2 2 4 1/ 2 1/ 4
ln[ y (t )] = 5 × + c
2 For option (B) :
 t   t  FT
2
∴ y (t ) = e(2.5t +c ) 1 1
δ(t ) + δ   + δ   ←⎯→ 1+ + =6
Given, y[0] = 2.718 = ec (∴ c = 1)  3  2 1/ 3 1/ 2
2
+1)
For option (C) :
∴ y (t ) = e(2.5t
 t  ( ) FT
As t → ∞, y (t ) → ∞ δ(t ) + δ   + δ 2t ←⎯→1 + 3.5 + 0.5 = 5
 3.5 
So, the system is unstable.
Hence, the correct option is (C).
Hence, the correct option is (C).
63. 8
∞ ∞
Given : x(t ) =  u (t + 4 − 4n) −  u (t − 12 − 4n)
n=0
 n =0 
x1 ( t ) x2 ( t )
∞ ∞
Let us consider, x1 (t ) =  u (t + 4 − 4n) and x2 (t ) =  u (t − 12 − 4n) .
n=0 n=0

So, upon expanding the terms, x1 (t ) = u (t + 4) + u (t ) + u (t − 4) + u (t − 8) + u (t − 12) + u (t − 16)......

GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.49

x2 (t ) = u (t − 12) + u (t − 16) + u (t − 20) + u (t − 24) + .......

x(t ) = x1 (t ) − x2 (t )
6
5
x1 (t ) 4
3
2
1

t
–4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 4

3
x2 (t ) 2
1

t
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
x(t )
4
3
2
1

t
–4 0 4 8 12

T /2
1
T →∞ T 
2
Power of x(t ) is, Px = lim x(t ) dt
− T /2

1 
−4 0 4 8 T /2
Px = lim
T →∞ T
  0dt +  1 ⋅ dt +  4dt +  9dt +  16dt 
 −T / 2 −4 0 4 8

1 T 
Px = lim  0 + (1 × 4) + (4 × 4) + (9 × 4) + 16  − 8  
T →∞ T 2 
1
Px = lim [ 0 + 4 + 16 + 36 + 8T − 128]
T →∞ T

1 1 1
Px = lim (56 − 128 + 8T ) = lim (56 − 128) + lim ⋅ 8T = 8 W
T →∞ T T →∞ T T →∞ T

Hence the correct answer is 8.

* *
64. (A), (B), (D)  7 + j2   7 + j2 
X *( s*) =   = 
*  49 + 4   53 
L .T  1 
Given : x *(t ) ←⎯⎯
→ X *( s*) =   7 − j2 7 2
 s*+ 4  X *( s*) = = −j
53 53 53
At s = 3 + j 2 , 7
Real part =
 1   1 
* * 53
X *( s*) s =3+ j 2 =  =  −2
 3 − j2 + 4   7 − j2  Imaginary part =
53
 3.50 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
1 1 α 1
X *( s*) = ( 49 + 4) = =
53 53 2 8
Hence, the correct options are (A), (B) & (D). 1
α=
65. 4 4
β 1
Given system is shown in figure below, ∴ = =4
v[n] α 1
x[n] S1 S2 y[n]
4
1 Hence, the correct answer is 4.
v [n] = v [n − 1] + x [n] … (i)
2 66. 3.464
y [ n] = αy [ n − 1] + β v [ n] … (ii) A ( s + a ) cos θ + B sin θ
3 1 Given : X ( s ) =
(s + a)
2
and y [ n] = x [ n] +
y [n − 1] − y [n − 2] + b2
4 8
… (iii)  a
A s 1 +  cos θ + B sin θ
Substituting value of v [ n] from equation (i) in X (s) =  s
s 2 + 2as + a 2 + b 2
equation (ii)
β   a B sin θ 
y [n] = αy [n − 1] + v [n − 1] + βx [n] s  A 1 +  cos θ + 
  s s 
2 X (s) =
β v [ n − 1] = 2 y [ n] − 2αy [ n − 1] − 2β x [ n]  2a a 2 + b 2 
s 2 1 + + 
… (iv)  s s2 
Replacing ‘n’ by ‘n – 1’ in equation (ii), Using initial value theorem, initial value of x ( t )
y [ n − 1] = αy [ n − 2] + β v [ n − 1] is given by
Substituting β v [ n − 1] from equation (iv), Lt x ( t ) = Lt s ⋅ X ( s )
t →0 s →∞
y [n − 1] = αy [n − 2] + 2 y [n]
  a B sin θ 
−2αy [ n − 1] − 2β x [ n] s  A 1 +  cos θ + 
  s s 
1 Lt s ⋅
y [ n] = β x [ n] + y [n − 1] + αy [n − 1] s →∞  2a a 2 + b 2 
2 s 2 1 + + 
 s s2 
α
− y [n − 2]   a B sin θ 
2  A  1 +  cos θ + 
1   s s 
y [ n] = β x [ n] + y [n − 1] Lt x ( t ) = Lt
2
t →0 s →∞  2a a 2 + b 2 
1 + + 
α  s s2 
+αy [n − 1] − y [n − 2]
2 ∴ Lt x ( t ) = A cos θ
t →0
1  α
y [ n ] = β x [ n ] +  + α  y [ n − 1] − y [ n − 2] Hence initial value of x ( t ) at
2  2
… (v) A = 4 and θ = 300 is
Comparing equation (v) by given difference 3
Lt x ( t ) = 4 cos 300 = 4 ×
= 3.464
equation (iii), t →0 A= 4, θ= 30 0
2
β =1 Hence, the correct answer is 3.464.
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.51

67. 3 69. (D)

Discrete Time Fourier series is given by, Given sequence is shown in below figure,
x[n]
N −1 2 πnk
x [ n ] =  ck e
j 4
N
2 3
k =0
1
Where, N = Time period. -2 2
N −1 6 -4 -3 -1 1 3 n
x [ 0] =  ck =  ck [ N = 7] -1
k =0 k =0 -2

x [ 0] = −1 + 2 + 2 = 3 From parsevals relation

∞ π 2
Hence, the correct answer is 3. 1 d
 
2
nx [n] = X (e j ω ) d ω
68. (B) n =−∞ 2π −π d ω
π 2 ∞
1 ; 0 ≤ n ≤ L −1 d
 X (e jω ) d ω = 2π  {nx [n]}
2
Given : s (n) =  ∴
0 ; Otherwise −π
dω n =−∞

DFT of sequence s ( n) is given by, {(−4) x[−4]}2 + {(−3) x[−3]}2 

 
N −1
 +{(−2) x[−2]}2 + {(−1) x[−1]}2 
S ( K ) = DFT [ s (n) ] =  s (n) e − ( j 2 πK /N ) n = 2π  
+{(0) x[0]}2 + {(1) x[1]}2
n =0
 
L −1  +{2 x[2]}2 + {3x[3]}2 
S ( K ) =  1⋅ e − ( j 2 πK /N ) n
n=0 = 2π [64 + 4 + 1 + 16 + 81]
S (K ) = e − ( j 2 πK /N )0
+e − ( j 2 πK /N )1
+ ...... = 2π×166 = 332π
Hence, the correct option is (D).
+ e − ( j 2 πK /N )( L −1)
70. 6.48
S ( K ) = 1 + e − j 2 πK /N + ... + e − ( j 2 πK /N )( L −1)
L −1 Given, X (ω) is shown in figure,
S ( K ) =  (e − j 2 πK / N m
) … (i)
m=0

This is a geometric progression sum of GP,

N
1 − a N +1
 ( a) m =
m =0 1− a
Therefore, from equation (i),
1 − ( e − j 2 πK /N )
L −1+1
X (ω) can be represented in terms of triangular
1 − e − j 2 πKL /N
S (K ) = = signal as,
1 − e − j 2 πK /N 1 − e − j 2 πK /N
 ω
1 − e − j 2 πKL /N X (ω) = 8πtri  
S (K ) = 4
1 − e − j 2 πK /N
We have Fourier transform of triangular
Where, K = 0,1,..., N − 1
function.
This is the N-point DFT of the sequence s ( n ) .
t  ωτ 
Atri   ↔ AτSa 2  
Hence, the correct option is (B). τ  2 
 3.52 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
Applying duality property, 7.2 0.880
 tτ   −ω  ω Given : h(t ) = u (t ) − u (t − 2)
AτSa 2   ↔ 2π Atri   = 2πAtri  
2  τ  τ
For input x (t ) , given that it is causal impulse
 ω  ω
X (ω) = 8π tri   ≈ 2πAtri   train.
4 τ
∴ A = 4, τ = 4
Inverse signal x (t ) is given as,
 tτ 
x (t ) = Aτ Sa 2   = 16 Sa 2 (2t )
2
2
 sin 2t 
x (t ) = 16  
 2t  y (t )
2
 π
 sin 2  1 64 1
x (t ) t = π = 16   = 16 × 2 = 2 = 6.48
π π π
4
  2 4 6 8
t
 2  4
Hence, the correct answer is 6.48. f s = 0.25 Hz

71. (A) 1
Ts = = 4 sec
fs
Given : x [n] = n(n − 1)a n − 2u [n]
Output of LTI system is given as,
x [n] = (n 2 − n) a n a −2u [n] y (t ) = h (t ) * x (t )
x [ n] = a −2  n 2 a n u [ n] − na n u [ n] Where x (t ) can be expressed as,
∞
z
We have, u [n] ←⎯
→ , z >1 x (t ) =  δ (t − KTs )
z −1 K =0

z ∞
a n u [n] ←⎯ → , z >a ∴ y (t ) = h(t ) *  δ (t − KTs )
z−a K =0
az ∞
n ⋅ a nu [n] ←⎯→ , z >a  y (t ) =  h(t ) * δ (t − KTs )
( z − a)2
K =0
a2 z + z 2a ∞
n 2 ⋅ a n u [n] ←⎯
→ , z >a y (t ) =  h (t − KTs )
( z − a )3
K =0

−2  a z + z a az 
2 2
∴ X ( z) = a  −  y (t ) = h(t ) + h(t − Ts ) + h(t − 2Ts ) + .....
 ( z − a)
3
( z − a) 2  …(i)
 a z + z a − az + a z 
2 2 2 2 Impulse response h (t ) , input x(t ) and output
X (z) = a −2  
 ( z − a )3  y (t ) are shown in figure.
2a 2 z 2z Applying Laplace transform in equation (i),
−2
X (z) = a ⋅ 3
= Y ( s ) = H ( s ) + e − sTs H ( s ) + e −2 sTs H ( s ) + .....
( z − a) ( z − a )3
Hence, the correct option is (A). Y ( s ) = H ( s )[1 + e − sTs + (e − sTs ) 2 + (e − sTs )3 + .....]
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.53
∞
1 4 1
Y (s) = H (s)  (e−sTs )n ∴ X ( s) s =4 = cot −1   = cot −1 (1)
n =0
4 4 4
1 H (s) 1 π π
Y (s) = H (s) = …(ii) = × =
1− e − sTs
1 − e −4 s 4 4 16
Given, h(t ) = u (t ) − u (t − 2) Hence, the correct option is (D).
74. 2
1 e−2 s 1 − e −2 s
H ( s) = − =
s s s Given :
From equation (ii),  0; −∞ < t < −4
−2 s  4; −4 < t < −2
(1 − e ) 
Y (s) =
s (1 − e −4 s )  −2t ; −2 < t < 0

x(t ) =  2t ; 0<t <2
1 − e −2 (1 − e −2 )
∴ Y ( s ) s =1 = =  4; 2<t <4
1 − e −4 (1 − e −2 )(1 + e −2 ) 
−2t + 12; 4<t <6
1 
Y ( s ) s =1 = = 0.880  0; 6<t <∞
1 + e −2
Hence, the correct answer is 0.880. ∴ x(t ) can be plotted as
x (t )
73. (D)

Given : x (t ) = Sa (4t ) ⋅ u (4t )

= Sa (4t ) ⋅ u (t ) [ u ( at ) = u (t )] 4

sin 4t
= ⋅ u (t ) t
4t -4 -2 2 4 6

LT 4 Shifting left by 2 we get,

We have, sin 4tu (t ) ←⎯→ 2
s + 16 x (t + 2)
Using division by ‘t’ property,
∞
sin(4t ) u (t ) LT 4
←⎯→  2 ⋅ ds 4
t s
s + 16
∞
 1  s  t
=  4 × tan −1    -6 -4 -2 0 2 4
 4  4  s
After time reversing the signal, we have
sin(4t ) s
LT
u (t ) ←⎯→ tan −1 (∞) − tan −1  
t 4
sin(4t ) 1 π  s 
LT
u (t ) ←⎯→  − tan −1   
4t 4 2  4 
1 s
∴ X ( s) = cot −1  
4 4 Hence, the value of x1 (t ) at t = 1 sec is 2.
 3.54 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®

75. 6
1 1
Given : X ( z ) = 3
= 3 2
( z − 1) z − 3z + 3z − 1
Applying long division method,
)1
z 3 - 3z 2 + 3z - 1
-1 -2 -3
)z -3
+ 3 z -4 + 6 z -5 + 10 z -6 + 15 z -7 .....
1 - 3z + 3z - z
-+ - +
3 z -1 - 3 z -2 + z -3
3 z -1 - 9 z -2 + 9 z -3 - 3 z -4
- + - +
6 z -2 - 8 z -3 + 3 z -4
6 z -2 - 18 z -3 + 18 z -4 - 6 z -5
- + - +
10 z - 15 z + 6 z -5
-3 -4

10 z -3 - 30 z -4 + 30 z -5 - 10 z -6
+ - +
15 z -4 - 24 z -5 + 10 z -6
..
..
.
X ( z ) = z −3 + 3z −4 + 6 z −5 + 10 z −6 + 15 z −7 + .....
Taking inverse z-transform, x [n] = {0, 0, 0,1, 3, 6,10,15,.....}
∴ x [5] = 6
Hence, the correct answer is 6.
76. (C)
Given : x(t ) = 8cos(4πt − 500 ) + 10sin(4πt − 200 )
x(t ) = 8cos (4πt − 500 ) + 10 cos(4πt − 200 − 900 )
x(t ) = 8cos (4πt − 500 ) + 10 cos (4πt − 1100 )
For signal,
x(t ) = A cos (w1t + f1 ) + B cos (w2 t + f2 )

If w1 ¹ w2 If w1 = w2
2 2
A B A2 B 2
Power Px = + Power Px = + + AB cos (f1 - f2 )
2 2 2 2
Here, x(t ) = 8cos (4πt − 500 ) + 10 cos (4πt − 1100 )
ω1 = ω2 = 4π, φ1 = −500 , φ2 = −1100 , A = 8, B = 10
A2 B 2
Power of x(t ) is, Px = + + AB cos (φ1 − φ2 )
2 2
(8) 2 (10) 2 1
= + + 8 ×10 × cos{−50 + 1100 } = 32 + 50 + 80 × = 122 W
2 2 2
Hence, the correct option is (C).
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.55

77. 12 78. (B)

Given : x (t ) = π sinc(t ) u (t ) s 2 + 3s + 4 s 2 + 3s + 4
Given : H ( s ) = =
To find a standard result for such signals, taking s 2 + s − 2 ( s − 1)( s + 2)
example of sampling function. Converting transfer function to proper function,
sin t
Let, x '(t ) = Sa (t )u (t ) = u (t ) s2 + s - 2 s 2 + 3s + 4 1
t 2
s +s-2
LT 1 - - +
sin t.u (t ) ←⎯→ 2
s +1 2s + 6
Using division by ‘t’ property , i.e. 2s + 6
x(t ) LT
∞ H (s) = 1 + 2
←⎯→  X ( s )ds s +s−2
t s Taking partial fraction we get,
∞
sin t 1 2s + 6 A B
 H ( s) = 1 + = 1+ +
LT
u (t ) ←⎯→ ds
t s
2
s +1 ( s − 1)( s + 2) s −1 s + 2
→ tan −1 ( s)∞s
Sa (t )u (t ) ←⎯ 2s + 6 8 2s + 6 −2
A= = , B= =
π s + 2 s =1 3 s − 1 s =−2 3
So, Sa (t )u (t ) ←⎯ → − tan −1 s = cot −1 s
2 8 1  2 1 
H ( s) = 1 +  −   …(i)
Replacing t by kt and applying time scaling 3  s −1  3  s + 2 
property of Laplace transform Given that Fourier transform of impulse
1 s response h(t ) exist, so the impulse response
→ cot −1  
x '(kt ) = Sa (kt )u (kt ) ←⎯ ...(i)
k k will be bounded and the system is stable. Hence
sin πt ROC of H ( s ) must include the jω axis.
sinc(t ) = = Sa(πt )
πt So, the ROC for the system can be plotted as
1 s jw
∴ Sa(πt )u (t ) ←⎯
→ cot −1  
π π
Given, x(t ) = πsinc(t )u (t ) = πSa (πt )u (t )
1 s
∴ → π × cot −1  
π Sa (πt )u (t ) ←⎯
π π
s
-2 1
 s
∴ X ( s ) = cot −1  
 π
−1
 3π  −1 π
X (s) s= = cot   = cot 3=
 π 
3π
6
2π To include jω axis, we will have to take right
Given : X ( s) s = 3π =
k  1 
sided inverse of factor   and left sided
2π π  s+2
=
k 6  1 
inverse of factor  .
Hence the value of k is 12.  s −1 
 3.56 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
Using results, we have Taking z-transform both sides,
1 H ( z ) − P z −1 H ( z ) = 0.0625 z −2
e − at u (t ) ←⎯
→
s+a H ( z )[1 − P z −1 ] = 0.0625 z −2
1
−e− at u (−t ) ←⎯
→ 0.0625 z −2
s+a H ( z) = …(ii)
1 − P z −1
8 1  2 1 
H ( s) = 1 +  −   Comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get
3  s −1  3  s + 2 
P = 0.25
8 Hence, the correct answer is 0.25.
∴ h(t ) = δ(t ) + (−1) e − ( −1) t u (−t )
3
80. 0.5
2
− e −2t u (t ) ∞
1
3
e
− st
Given : x(t )dt =
8 2 −∞
s
∴ h(t ) = δ(t ) − et u (−t ) − e −2t u (t )
3 3 1
L{x(t )} =
Hence, the correct option is (B). s
1
79. 0.25 X ( s) =
s
n
1 Also, impulse response, h(t ) = e−2t u (t )
Given : h [n] =   u (n − 2)
4 1
Transfer function, H ( s ) = L{h(t )} =
Z .T . 1 s+2
u [n] ←⎯⎯ →
1 − z −1 ∴ Y ( s) = X ( s) H ( s)
z −2 1 1
Z .T .
u [n − 2] ←⎯⎯ → Y (s) =
1 − z −1 s s+2
→ z − n0 X ( z ) ,
→ X ( z ) , x [n − n0 ] ←⎯
[If x [n] ←⎯ Steady state value of y (t ) will be
1 1
n  z  y (∞) = lim s × × = 0.5
( z0 ) x [n] ←⎯
→X  ] s →0 s s+2
 z0  Hence, the correct answer is 0.5.
−2
 z  81. (C)
n  
1  1/ 4  z
  u [ n − 2] ←⎯→
4  z 
−1 Given : X ( z ) =
1−   ( z − 2)( z − 3)
 1/ 4 
For DTFT, put z = e jω = e jπ = − 1
1 −2
(4 z ) −2
z −1 −1
∴ H ( z) = = 16 At z = − 1 , =
1 − (4 z ) −1 1 − 1 z −1 (− 1 − 2)( − 1 − 3) 12
4 Hence, the correct option is (C).
0.0625 z −2  Key Point
H ( z) = …(i)
1 − 0.25 z −1 DTFT is basically calculating Z-transform on
Difference equation is given as, unity circle z = r e jω , where r = 1 [Unity
h [n] − ph [ n − 1] = 0.0625 δ [n − 2] circle].
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.57

82. 4 Standard result,

Function Area Energy
Given : y (t ) = x (t ) * x (t )
sin πt
Taking Fourier transform on both sides sinc(t ) = 1 1
πt
Y( f ) = X ( f )X ( f )
1
Y( f ) = X ( f )X ( f ) e− πt
2
1
∞ ∞
2
 Y ( f )df =  X
2
( f )df Effect of operation on area, energy and power,
−∞ −∞
∞
Property Signal Area Energy Power
 Y ( f )df = Energy of x(t ) Original
x(t ) A E P
−∞ signal
∞
Time
But y (0) =  Y ( f )df ,
−∞
shift
x(t − t0 ) A E P

16 + 0 Time A E
∴ Energy of x(t ) = y (0) = =4 x (αt ) P
4−0 scaling α α
Hence, the correct option is 4. Time
x(− t ) A E P
83. (A) reversal
Amplitude
Given : x(n) = {1,5, −2,1,3, 4, 2, 0,5} k x (t ) kA k 2E k 2P
scaling
↑
For a signal x ( n) and its Discrete time Fourier x(t ) = 40π sin c ( − 4t + 12)

transform X ( e jω ) Taking effect of operations applied from right to

left on area of sinc(t ) ,
d
nx(n) ↔ j X (e jω ) Area
sinc(t ) ⎯⎯⎯ →1
dω
Time shift
[By differentiation property] sinc(t + 12) ⎯⎯⎯⎯
No effect
→1
By Parseval’s theorem, Time scaling 1
2 sinc(4t + 12) ⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯
Division by α
→
1 π d ∞ 4
X ( e jω ) d ω =  n.x ( n )
2

2π −π d ω Time reversal 1
n =−∞
sinc(− 4t + 12) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
No effect
→
2 ∞ 4
d
X ( e jω ) d ω = 2π  n.x ( n )
π 2
 −π dω n =−∞
Amplitude scaling
40πsinc(− 4t + 12) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ → 40π×
1
Multiplication by k
2
4
d
X ( e jω ) d ω = 1380π
π
So, area [ x(t )] = 10π square units.
 −π dω t2
−π
Hence, the correct option is (A). y (t ) = πe k

2
84. 100 Rearranging y (t ) to be compared with e− πt
Given : x (t ) = 40π sinc( − 4t + 12) −π
t2  t 
− π 
2

πt 2 y (t ) = πe k
= πe  k
−
y (t ) = πe k
Taking effect of operations on area of standard
Area [ x(t )] = Area [ y(t )] …(i) Gaussian function, e − πt ⎯⎯⎯
Area
→1 .
2
 3.58 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®

H.T ( x(t ) ) = xˆ (t )
2
 t  t
− π  t→ 1
e  k
⎯⎯⎯⎯→ k
= k
Time scaling
 1  H.T ( xˆ (t ) ) = − x(t ) [Two times phase shift by
 
 k
2
900 means shift by 1800 . Hence, sign changes.]
 t 
− π  Amplitude scaling Hence, the correct option is (C).
πe  k
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ →π k
87. 100
So, area [ y (t )] = π k
DFT
From equation (i), Given : x1[n] = {2, 3, a, 7} ⎯⎯⎯ → X 1 (k )
DFT
π k = 10π x2 [n] = {3, b, 1, 2} ⎯⎯⎯ → X 2 (k )
k = 10 ( k = 100) DFT
x3[n] ⎯⎯⎯ → X 3 (k )
So, to have equal area in x(t ) and y(t ) , the As X 3[k ] = X 1 (k ) X 2 (k ) ,
value of ' k ' is 100.
So, from circular convolution property of DFT,
Hence, the correct answer is 100.
x3 [n] = x1[n] ∗ x2 [n]
85. 1
Using matrix method to calculate circular
t ∞
convolution,
 e
j 2 πft
Given : I (t ) = df d τ
−∞ −∞  x3 (0)   2 7 a 3   3
We know that, δ(t ) ←⎯⎯
→1 F .T .  x (1)   3 2 7 a  b 
 3 =
Inverse Fourier transform for any signal is given  x3 (2)   a 3 2 7  1 
    
by,  x3 (3)   7 a 3 2   2
∞
x3 (0) = 6 + 7b + a + 6 = 12 + 7b + a
 X ( f )e
j 2 πft
df = x(t )
−∞
x3 (1) = 9 + 2b + 7 + 2a = 16 + 2a + 2b
∞

 1⋅ e
j 2 πft
Hence, δ(t ) = df x3 (2) = 3a + 3b + 2 + 14 = 16 + 3a + 3b
−∞
x3 (3) = 21 + ab + 3 + 4 = 28 + ab
[ X ( f ) = 1 for x (t ) = δ(t ) ]
t Given : x3 (0) = 52
I (t ) =
−∞
 δ(τ) ⋅ d τ = u (t ) 12 + 7b + a = 52
a + 7b = 40 …(i)
∴ I (3) = u (t ) t =3 = 1
and x3 (2) = 46
Hence, the correct answer is 1.
16 + 3a + 3b = 46
86. (C)
a + b = 10 …(ii)
The above block is Hilbert transformer (H.T) Solving equation (i) and (ii),
1
whose impulse response is given by . a = 5 and b = 5
πt
The required value,
1
If h(t ) = , then we get output which is phase (a + b) 2 − (a − b) 2 = 4ab = 4 × 5 × 5 = 100
πt
shifted by 900 . Hence, the value of (a + b) 2 − (a − b) 2 is 100.
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.59
N N
88. (C) 4
−1
4
−1

X ( K ) =  x[4m]WNk .4m +  x[4m+1]WNk (4m+1)

(i) System is linear as summation and m=0 m=0
integration are linear processes. N N
−1 −1
( n − n0 )3 4 4
π  +  x[4m+2]WNK (4 m + 2) +  x[4m+3]WNK (4 m +3)
(ii) y [ n − n0 ] = 
k =0
sin  k  ⋅ x [ k ]
2  m=0 m=0
N N
[Delayed response] 4
−1
4
−1

π n3 X ( K ) =  f1 (m)WN4km + WNK . f 2 (m)WN4Km

Γ { x(n − n0 )} =  sin  k  ⋅ x [ k − n0 ] m=0 m=0
k =0 2  N N
−1 −1
[Response of the system for delayed input] 4 4
+WN2 K  f 3 (m)WN4Km + WN3K  f 4 (m)WN4Km
As y [ n − n0 ] ≠ Γ { x(n − n0 )} m=0 m=0

Hence, system is time variant. From the property of twiddle factor

[If limits are function of n, then system WN4 = W N WN4 Km = W NKm
will always be time variant]. 4 4

(iii) As the upper limit n 3 is greater than n, N

4
−1
N
4
−1

hence present output will depend on X ( K ) =  f1 (m)WNKm + WNK  f (m)W2

Km
N
future inputs. So, the system in non- m=0 4 m=0 4

causal. N
4
−1
N
4
−1

(iv)
π 
As −1 < sin  k  < +1 , So, for a
+WN2 K  f (m)W
m=0
3
Km
N + WN3 K  f (m)W
m=0
4
Km
N

2  4 4
K
bounded x [ n ] , output y [ n ] will also be ∴ X ( K ) = F1 ( K ) + W F2 ( K ) N

bounded. +WN2 K F3 ( K ) + WN3 K F4 ( K )

Therefore, system is stable. …. (i)
Hence, the correct option is (C). ∴ F1 ( K + 3 p) = F1 ( K )
89. (A)
Where, p is an integer and W12( K +12) = W12K
Given : x[n] = { x(0), x(1), x(2),.......... x(11)}
Same property is valid for F2 (k ), F3 (k ) and
X [ K ] = { X (0), X (1), X (2),.......... X (11)} F4 (k ) .
N −1
Where, X [ K ] =  x[n].WNkn , N = 12 X (7) = F1 (7) + W127 F2 (7)
n=0

Splitting 12-point sequence into 4-sequences of + W122×7 F3 (7) + W123×7 F4 (7)

3 samples each X (7) = F1 (1) + W127 F2 (1) +W122 F3 (1) + W129 F4 (1)
f1[n] = x(4n), n = 0,1, 2 Hence, the correct option is (A).
f 2 [n] = x[4n + 1] 90. (A), (B), (C)
f3 [n] = x[4n + 2]
nπ
f 4 [n] = x[4n + 3] Given : x(n) = cos
4
N −1 − j 2π
j 2 πkn
X ( K ) =  x[n]WNkn
N −1
1
where, WN = e
 X ( k )e
N
We know that, x(n) = N
n=0 N k =0
 3.60 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
j πkn
1 3 91. 2
x ( n) = 
4 k =0
X ( k ) e 2
( N = 4)
Given : x( x ) = 4 cos 2t
3 j πkn

 X (k )e 2
= 4 x ( n) The Fourier transform of x(t ) will be,
X ( ω) = 4π  δ ( ω − 2 ) + δ ( ω + 2 ) 
k =0

Put n = 0 on both sides, we get

3 X (ω) can be plotted as shown below,
 X (k ) = 4 x(0) = 4cos 0 = 4
k =0
X (w)

So, option (A) is correct. 4p 4p

Now put n = 2 on both sides, we get
3
π
 X ( k )e
k =0
j πk
= 4 x(2) = 4 cos
2
=0
-2 0 2
w

So, option B is correct. Given impulse response, h(t ) = sinc 2(t − 1)

nπ sin 2π(t − 1)
As x(n) = cos h(t ) =
4 2π(t − 1)
x(0) = 1
0.5sin 2π(t − 1)
π 1 h(t ) =
x(1) = cos = π(t − 1)
4 2
On plotting the Fourier transform of h(t ) , we
π
x(2) = cos = 0 get
2
H (w)
3π −1
x(3) = cos =
4 2
0.5e - jw
 1 −1 
∴ x(n) = 1, , 0, 
 2 2 w
-2p 0 2p
N −1 N −1
1
 x ( n)  X (k )
2 2
We know that, = If Y (ω) is the Fourier transform of output signal
n=0 N k =0
3
y (t ) then,
1 3
 x ( n) =  X ( k )
2 2
Y (ω) = X (ω) H (ω)
n=0 4 k =0
3 3
∴ Y (ω) can be plotted as shown below,
 X (k ) = 4 x ( n )
2 2
Y (w)
k =0 n =0
2pe - jw 2pe - jw
3   1 
2
 −1  
2


2
X (k ) = 4 12 +   + 0 2
+   
k =0   2  2  
3
 1 1 w
 X (k )
2
= 4 1 + + 0 +  = 8 -2 0 2
k =0  2 2
Y (ω) = 2πe − jω [ δ(ω + 2) + δ(ω − 2)]
So, option (C) is correct.
Hence, the correct options are (A), (B) & (C). Y (ω) = 2e− jω π [ δ(ω − 2) + δ(ω + 2)]
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.61
Taking inverse Fourier transform on both sides, dy (t )
Hence, =0
we get dt t =− 0.8
y (t ) = 2 cos [ 2(t − 1) ]
Let y (t ) t =1.4 = y (1.4) = x
y(1) = 2cos(0) = 2
Hence, the correct answer is 2. and y (t ) t =− 2.4 = y ( − 2.4) = y

92. (B) x = 6 − (3 × 0.4) = 6 − 1.2 = 4.8

Response of LTI system is given by, y = 0 + (3 × 0.6) = 1.8
y (t ) = x (t ) ∗ h (t ) ∴ y (1.4) − y ( − 2.4) = 4.8 − 1.8 = 3
y (t ) = x(t ) ∗ [ δ(t + 1) + δ(t − 1)] Hence, the correct option is (B).
y (t ) = x (t + 1) + x (t − 1) 93. 24
y (t ) is shown in figure.
Given : x[ n] = {4, 5, 6, 7}
x(t + 1)
n
6 x1[n] = x   = {4, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 7, 0, 0}
3
Slope = –3 From the definition of N-point DFT,
N-Point
t If x1[n] ⎯⎯⎯
DFT
→ X 1 (k )
-3 -1 1
N −1 j 2 πkn
−
x(t - 1) X 1 (k ) =  x1[n]e N

n =0
6
N −1
Slope = +3 X 1 (0) =  x1[n]e0
n=0

t N −1
-1 1 3 ∴ X 1 (0) =  x1[n] = x1 (0) + x1 (1) + .... + x1 (11)
n=0
y (t ) = x(t + 1) + x(t - 1)
Slope = 0 …(i)
6
(As N = 12 )
j 2π N
 N  N −1 − × n
X 1   =  x1[n]e N 2

t  2  n =0
-3 -1 1 3
 N  N −1
We can see that slope of y (t ) is zero for X 1   =  x1[ n]e − jπn
 2  n=0
−1 < t < +1 .
 N  N −1
y (t ) X 1   =  (− 1) n x1[n]
 2  n=0
6 For N = 12 ,
x N −1
Slope = –3
y X 1 (6) =  (− 1) n x1[n] = x1 (0) − x1 (1)
n=0
t
-3 -1 1 3 + x1 (2) − x1 (3)...... − x1 (11)
- 2.4 1.4 …(ii)
 3.62 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
From equation (i), 95. (B)
X 1 (0) = 4 + 0 + 0 + 5 + 0 + 0 DTFS
Given : x(n) ←⎯⎯ → Ck
+6 + 0 + 0 + 7 + 0 + 0
π
X 1 (0) = 22 Ω0 =
10
From equation (ii), DTFS
As x(n) ←⎯⎯ → Ck
X 1 (6) = 4 − 0 + 0 − 5 + 0 − 0
+6 − 0 + 0 − 7 + 0 − 0
DTFS
x(n − n0 ) ←⎯⎯ → e − jn0Ω0k Ck
X 1 (6) = − 2 DTFS
x(n − 2) ←⎯⎯ → e − j 2 Ω 0 k Ck
∴ X 1 (0) − X 1 (6) = 22 − (− 2) = 24 DTFS
x(n + 2) ←⎯⎯ → e j 2 Ω 0 k Ck
Hence, the required value is 24. DTFS
x (n + 2) + x (n − 2) ←⎯⎯ (
→ e j 2 Ω 0 k + e − j 2 Ω 0 k Ck )
94. (B) DTFS
x(n + 2) + x(n − 2) ←⎯⎯ →(2 cos 2Ω0 k )Ck
Given : y (t ) = x (1 − t ) − x(t − 5)
1 DTFS
The time shifting or time reversal on input do [ x(n + 2) + x(n − 2)] ←⎯⎯ →(cos 2Ω 0 k )Ck
2
not vanishe linearity, so both parts of R.H.S.
holds linearity and hence the system is linear. 1 DTFS  2πk 
[ x(n + 2) + x(n − 2)] ←⎯⎯ →  cos  Ck
As time reversal can be treated as special case 2  10 
of time scaling with scaling factor α = − 1 and 1 DTFS  π 
[ x(n + 2) + x(n − 2)] ←⎯⎯ →  cos k  Ck
time scaling makes the system time variant. 2  5 
Let, x (t ) = 5 (constant) then x(1 − t ) = 5 and Hence, the correct option is (B).
x (t − 5) = 5 . 96. (A)
x(t) x(1 - t ) x(t - 5)
(P) y (t ) = 3 x (t ) + 5 is non-linear and Time-
5 5 5
invariant. In any I/O relation if a
t t t
constant is present the system is non-
x t() x(1- t) x(t- 5) linear.
5 5 5 The DC value doesn’t effect the time-
invariant behavior.
t t t
P–3
Time shifting, time reversal and time scaling do
(Q) y (t ) = t 2 x(t 3 ) is linear and time variant
not have any effect on constant.
∴ y (t ) = 5 − 5 = 0 y1 (t ) + y 2 (t ) = t 2 x1 (t 3 ) + t 2 x2 (t 3 ) = t 2 x ( t 3 )
Similarly, for x(t ) = 10, x(1 − t ) = 10 and If x ( t ) = x1 (t ) + x2 (t ) . Thus the system
x (t − 5) = 10 . is linear
y (t ) = 10 − 10 = 0 Consider
As output is same for two different inputs, so the x1 (t ) = x(t − τ)  x1 (t 3 ) = x(t 3 − τ)
system is non invertible.
Hence, the correct option is (B). y1 (t ) = t 2 x1 (t 3 ) = t 2 x(t 3 − τ)
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.63

Similarly, y ( t − τ ) = ( t − τ ) x ( t − τ )
2
( 3
) Y ( z) = X ( z)⋅ H ( z)

∴ y1 (t ) ≠ y ( t − τ ) the system is time Where, x [ n] = u [ n]

variant. 1
So, X (z) =
Q–2 1 − z −1
(R) Integration relation between input and Y ( z) Y ( z)
∴ H ( z) = =
output with limits ( −∞,t ) is linear & X ( z) 1
time invariant (1 − z −1 )
R–4
H ( z ) = (1 − z −1 ) Y ( z )
(S) y (t ) = tx 2 (t ) is non-linear & time-
From equation (i),
variant
If x ( t ) = x1 (t ) + x2 (t ) H ( z ) = (1 − z −1 ) Y ( z )

y1 (t ) + y2 (t ) = tx12 (t ) + tx22 (t ) 1 a (1 − z −1 )
H ( z) = −
≠ t [ x12 (t ) + x22 (t )]2 1 − a (1 − a ) (1 − az −1 )
Thus the system is non-linear.
1 − az −1 − a + az −1
If x1 ( t ) = x(t − τ) then H ( z) =
(1 − a ) (1 − az −1 )
y1 (t ) = tx12 (t ) = tx 2 (t − τ)
H ( z) =
(1 − a )
Similarly, y (t − τ) = ( t − τ ) x 2 ( t − τ )
(1 − a ) (1 − az −1 )
y1 (t ) ≠ y ( t − τ ) then system is time
1
variant. H ( z) =
1 − az −1
S–1 Now, to find impulse response, taking inverse
Hence, the correct option is (A). z-transform of transfer function.
97. (A)
h [ n] = a n u [ n]
Given : For input x [ n] = u [ n] , Hence, the correct option is (A).
n +1
n
1− a 98. (B)
Step response, y [ n ] =  a j = , n≥0
j =0 1− a
Given : x(t ) = (cos t + cos 2t) 2
n +1
1 a
y [ n] = − , n≥0 x(t ) = cos 2 t + cos 2 2t+2cos t cos 2t
1− a 1− a
1 a n +1 1 + cos 2t 1 + cos 4t
x (t ) = + + cos 3t+ cos t
y [ n] = u [ n] − u [ n] 2 2
1− a 1− a
1 a 1 1 1
y [ n] = u [ n] − ⋅ a n u [ n] x (t ) = + cos 2t +
2 2 2
1− a 1− a
Taking z-transform both sides, 1
+ cos 4t + cos3t + cos t
1 1 a 1 2
Y [ z] = ⋅ − ⋅
1− a 1− z −1
1 − a 1 − az −1 ∴ Amplitude of second highest frequency
… (i) is H = 1 .
 3.64 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
1 1 e(3+5 j )t + e− (3+5 j )*t
And average value, A = + =1 ∴ xCS (t ) =
2 2 2
∴ H + A = 1+1 = 2 e3t (cos 5t + j sin 5t )
Hence, the correct option is (B). + e −3t (cos 5t − j sin 5t )
xCS (t ) =
99. (B) 2
Given figure is, e3t + e−3t
Re { xcs (t )} = cos 5t
2
Re { xcs (t )} = cosh 3t cos 5t
Hence, the correct option is (C).
101. 24
x(t ) h(t )

2 3

Odd part of signal is given by,

1
x0 (t ) = { x(t ) − x(−t )} 0
2 Area = 4
2 3
Area = 6
5

1 Area of z (t ) = [ Area of x(t )][ Area of y (t )]

From time inversion, x0 (t ) = { x(t ) − x(−t )}
2
z(t ) = 4 × 6 = 24
Hence, the correct answer is 24.
102. 1.2
Given signals x(t ) and g (t ) are shown below,
x(t)

t
–2 4
g(t)

t
0 2 3
From the given representation, the relation
Hence, the correct option is (B). between signals x (t ) and g (t ) is,
100. (C) 2
g (t ) = x(− 2t + 4)
Conjugate symmetric portion of 5
x ( t ) + x * ( −t ) x(t ) ←⎯
→ X (ω)
x (t ) =
2 → e j 4 ω X (ω)
x(t + 4) ←⎯
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.65

1  ω 1
→ e j 2ω X  
x(2t + 4) ←⎯
2 2
(
H e jω3 dB = ) 2
2 1  ω ω3dB 1
→ e− j 2ω X  − 
x(− 2t + 4) ←⎯ cos =
5 5  2 2 2
 ω ω3dB π
G (ω) = Pe− jQω X  −  =
 r 2 4
Q 1 2 π
P+ = + = 1.2 ω3dB =
r 5 2 2
Hence, the correct answer is 1.2. f ana log = 3dB Frequency = f discrete × f s

103. (B) 1 π
f ana log = × ×10
2π 2
Given : Sampling frequency, f x = 10kHz
f ana log = 2.5kHz
and discrete impulse response,
Hence, the correct option is (B).
h(n) = 0.5{δ(n) + δ(n − 1)}
104. 8
Taking discrete time Fourier transform, ∞

H (e ) = 0.5 + 0.5e
jω − jw X (e j ω ) =  x ( n)e
n =−∞
− j ωn

H ( e ) = 0.5 + 0.5 [ cos ω − j sin ω]

jω 3
X (e j ω ) =  x ( n )e − j ωn

1 n =−3
H ( e jω ) = [1 + cos ω − j sin ω] 3
2 X (e j π ) =  x ( n)e − j πn

1
H ( e jω ) =  (1 + cos ω) + ( sin ω) 
2 2 n =−3

2   ∴ e − j πn
= (−1) n = cos πn
1 3
H ( e jω ) = ( 2 + 2 cos ω)  X (e j π ) =  x(n)(−1) n
2 n =− 3

1 + cos ω ω cos pn
H ( e jω ) = = cos
2 2
3 dB cut-off frequency is defined as the
frequency at which the magnitude of response is n

1
of its peak value.
2
H (e j w )
X (e jπ ) = x(−3)(−1) + x(−2)(1)
+ x ( −1)( −1) + x (0)(1) + x (1)( −1)
1
1
+ x (2)(1) + x(3)( −1)
2 X (e jπ ) = −3 − 2 + 1 − 2 − 1 + 2 − 3
X ( e j π ) = −8
0.5 X (e j π ) = 8
w
w3dB Hence, the correct answer is 8.
 3.66 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®

105. (A)

n
1
Given : Cn = − j  
2
If x ( t ) ←⎯⎯
F .S .
→ Cn

Then, x* ( t ) ←⎯⎯
F .S .
→ C−*n

Hence, Fourier series coefficient of x* ( t ) will

be, ∞ 3 ∞ 3
−n  δ ( t − 2 ) dt = = 1.5
y (t ) dt = 
1 1 2 1 2
C−*n = j  
2 Hence, the correct answer is 1.5.
Hence, the correct option is (A). 107. (B)

106. 1.5 1
Given : X (0) = −
6
Given : A = 3 , K ( s + 1)
From pole zero plot, X (s) =
y (t ) =
2
d x(t ) ( s − 3)( s + 2 )
dt 2 K ×1
Put s = 0 , X (0) =
−3 × 2
−1 − K
=  K =1
6 6

X (s) =
( s + 1)
( s − 3)( s + 2 )
4 1
Using partial fraction, X (s) = 5 + 5
s −3 s + 2
Taking inverse Laplace transform,
Given x(t ) is causal i.e. right sided signal.
Hence, ROC are Re( s ) > 3 and Re( s ) > −2 .
4 1
x(t ) = e3t u (t ) + e −2t u (t )
5 5
Hence, the correct option is (B).
108. 32

2, | t |≤ 2 
Given : x(t ) =  
0, Otherwise 
∞ ∞ 3 
 y (t ) dt =  δ ( t + 2 ) − 3δ(t ) + δ(t − 2)  dt ∞ 2
X ( ω) d ω = Aπ
1 1
 2  −∞
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.67

From the above plot, period of x(t ) is,

2 1
T= = = 4 msec
500 250
2π 2π
ω0 = = × 500 = 500 π
T 2
The Fourier series representation of x(t ) will
FT
x(t ) ←⎯→ X ( ω) be,
∞
Using Parseval’s energy theorem,
x(t ) = a0 +  ( an cos nω0t + bn sin nω0t )
∞ 2 1 ∞ 2
−∞ X ( t ) dt = 2π −∞ X ( ω) d ω
n =1

2π 2π
Where, ω0 = =
∞ 2 ∞ 2 T 1
 X ( ω) d ω = 2π  X ( t ) dt
−∞ −∞ 250
∞ 2 2 ω = 500π
 X ( ω) d ω = 2π 22 dt
−∞ −2 T
1   1 

∞ 2
X ( ω) d ω = 2π× 4 × 4 = 32π = Aπ
a0 = 
T 0 δ(t ) − δ  t −  dt = 1 − 1 = 0
 500  
−∞
T
Hence, the correct answer is 32. 2   1 
an =   δ(t ) − δ  t −   cos nω0t dt
109. (D) T 0  500  

Consider a system with input x (t ) and the 2 nω0  2

an = 1 − cos = [1 − cos nπ]
output y (t ) is given by T  500  T
4
y (t ) = x ( t ) − sin tx(t − 1) − 0.5 x ( t + 2 ) + 1 an = for n = 1, 3, 5, 7......
T
The system is non causal because y (t ) depends = 0 otherwise and
on x (t + 2) future value. 2 
T
 1 
bn =  δ(t ) − δ  t −  sin nω0t dt = 0
Time varying because y (t ) has extra term sin t . T 0  500  
Non linear because y(t ) contains a constant ‘1’ 4
∴ x(t ) = cos 500πnt for n = 1, 3, 5, 7...
Hence, the correct option is (D). T
4 4
110. (A), (B), (C) x(t ) = cos(500πt ) + cos(1500πt )
T T
∞
 k  4 4
Given : Signal x(t ) =  (−1)
k =−∞
k
δt −
 500 
 + cos(2500πt ) + cos(3500πt ) + ....
T T
The signal x(t ) can be plotted as shown below, If x(t ) is passed through an ideal low pass filter
x(t ) having cutoff frequency f c = 800 Hz or
1 1
1 ωC = 1600π rad/sec then output of low pass
1 2
filter will be
500 500
-2 -1
t
4 4
500 500
x0 (t ) = cos(500πt ) + cos(1500πt )
T T
-1 -1 -1 -1 x0 (t ) = 1000 cos(500πt ) + 1000 cos(1500πt )
 3.68 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
It can be seen that x0 (t ) contains fundamental X (e jω ) can be written in rectangular form as,
component ω0 = 500π rad/sec and third X (e jω ) = 2 cos 3ω + j 2sin 3ω − cos ω
harmonic component 3ω0 = 1500π rad/sec . + j sin ω + 3cos 5ω − j 3sin 5ω
Also power present in x0 (t ) is, X (e jω ) = (2 cos 3ω − cos ω + 3cos 5ω)
+ j (2sin 3ω + sin ω − 3sin 5ω)
(1000) 2 (1000) 2
P0 = + = (1000)2 …(i)
2 2
Given that, X (e jω ) = A(ω) + jB(ω) …(ii)
RMS value of x(t ) = P0 = (1000) 2 = 1000
Comparing equation (i) and (ii),
Hence, the correct options are (A), (B) & (C). A(ω) = 2 cos 3ω − cos ω + 3cos 5ω
111. (A) B (ω) = 2 sin 3ω + sin ω − 3sin 5ω
s ( s + 5) Given, Y (e jω ) = B(ω) + jA(ω)
Given : X ( s ) =
s 2 + 16 Y (e jω ) = (2sin 3ω + sin ω − 3sin 5ω)
s 2 + 5s + j (2 cos 3ω − cos ω + 3cos 5ω)
X (s) =
s 2 + 16 jω  e j 3ω − e − j 3ω   e jω − e − j ω 
Y (e ) = 2  + 2j 
s 2 + 16 − 16 + 5s  2j   
X (s) =
s 2 + 16   e j 3ω + e − j 3ω 
 e j 5ω − e − j 5ω 
16 5s −3  + j 2  
X ( s) = 1− 2 + 2  2j    2 
s + 16 s + 16
5s 4× 4  e jω + e − jω   e j 5 ω + e − j 5 ω  
X (s) = 2 − 2 +1 −  +3  
s + 16 s + 16  2   2 
5s  4   e j 3ω − e − j 3ω   e jω − e − j ω 
X (s) = − 4 2 2 
+1 jω
Y (e ) = 2 
2
s +4 2
s +4  2j + 2j 
   
Taking inverse Laplace transform on both sides,
 e j 5ω − e− j 5ω    e j 3ω + e − j 3ω 
we get −3   + j 2  
 2j    2 
x ( t ) = 5cos 4t − 4sin 4t + δ ( t )
On comparing with,  e jω + e − j ω   e j 5 ω + e − j 5 ω  
−  +3 
 2   2 
x ( t ) = 5cos 4t − 4sin 4t + x3 ( t )
Y (e jω ) = e j 3ω{− j + j} + e− j 3ω{+ j + j}
We get x3 ( t ) = δ ( t ) which is an impulse
+e jω{− 0.5 j − 0.5 j} + e− jω{0.5 j − 0.5 j}
function.
Hence, the correct option is (A). + e j 5ω{1.5 j + 1.5 j} + e− j 5ω{− 1.5 j + 1.5 j}

112. (A) Y (e j ω ) = 2 j e − j 3 ω − j e j ω + 3 j e j 5 ω
Taking inverse D.T.F.T.,
Given : x[n] = {2, 0, 0, 0 , − 1, 0, 0, 0, 3}
↑ y [ n] = 2 j δ (n − 3) − j δ (n + 1) + 3 j δ (n + 5)
n =0

x[ n] = 2δ ( n + 3) − δ ( n − 1) + 3δ ( n − 5) ∴ y [ n ] = {3 j , 0, 0, 0, − j , 0, 0, 0, 2 j}
↑
jω j 3ω − jω − j 5ω
∴ X (e ) = 2e −e + 3e Hence, the correct option is (A).
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.69
π
113. 1 1 2

π −π
X (e jω ) d ω = 2[22 + 22 + 22 + 22 + 22 ]
Given : x(t ) = (t 2 − 2t + 3)δ(t − α)
π
Using the property of impulse signal, 1 2

x(t ) = (α 2 − 2α + 3)δ(t − α)

π −π
X (e jω ) d ω = 40

π 2
The area under x(t) is, Ax = α 2 − 2α + 3 ∞
1 d
 
2
Also, nx(n) = X (e j ω ) d ω
dAx n =−∞ 2π −π d ω
For maxima or minima, =0
dα π
d
2 ∞

 X (e jω ) d ω =2π  nx(n)
2
2α − 2 = 0 dω
−π n =−∞
2α = 2
α =1
π
d
2
12 × 22 + 22 × 22 + 32 

jω
X (e ) d ω = 2π  2 2
d 2 Ax −π
dω 2 2 2
×2 + 4 × 2 + 5 × 2 
Also, =2>0
d α2 π
d
2

∴ Ax will be minimum if α = 1 . 
−π
dω
X (e jω ) d ω = 440π

Hence, the correct answer is 1. Hence, the correct options are (A) & (C).
114. (A), (C) 115. (A), (D)
Given discrete time signal is, Given :
 ∞
 ∞
6  nπ 
x ( n ) = 2   δ( n − 1 − k ) − δ( n − 6 − k )  Signal, x(t ) = 64 +  sin 2   cos(500nπt )
 k =0  n =1 n  2 
∞
Fundamental frequency is, ω0 = 500π
We know that, u (n) =  δ(n − k )
k =0 2π 2π
∴ Time period, T = = = 4 msec
∞
ω0 500π
u (n − 1) =  δ(n − 1 − k )
k =0 As the signal x(t ) has non zero dc value and
∞
even harmonics of cosine, it cannot be odd and
Also u (n − 6) =  δ(n − 6 − k )
k =0 half wave symmetric.
∴ x( n) = 2[u (n − 1) − u ( n − 6)] Hence, the correct options are (A) & (D).
= 2, 1≤ n ≤ 5 116. 1.178
x ( n) ∞
 2ω  − jω
 sinc
2
Given : I =   e dω
2 2 2 2 2
−∞  π 
As sinc( x ) = Sa ( πx )
 2ω 
sinc2  2
 = Sa (2ω)
1 2 3 4 5  π 
π ∞
∞
1  2ω  − jω

2
  sinc
2 2
We know that, x ( n) = X (e j ω ) d ω I=   e dω
n =−∞ 2π −π −∞  π 
π ∞
∞
1 jω 2
  Sa (2ω)e − jω d ω
2
 I=
2
X ( e ) d ω = 2 x ( n) …(i)
π −π n =−∞ −∞
 3.70 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
From the definition of inverse Fourier The D.T.F.S coefficients can be given as,
transform, N −1 − j 2 πkn
1
1
∞ Ck =
N
 x ( n)e N

x(t ) = 
2π −∞
X (ω)e jωt d ω n =0

− j 2 πkn − j πkn
1 N −1 1 5
∞ Ck =  x ( n ) e 6
=  x ( n ) e 3

 X (ω) e 6 n =0 6 n =0
jωt
2π x(t ) = dω … (ii)
−∞
1 − j πk
−
j 2 πk
Comparing equation (i) and (ii), Ck =  x (0) + x (1) e 3
+ x (2) e 3
6
I = 2π x(t ) t =−1 … (iii)
− j 4 πk − j 5 πk

Where, x(t ) = IFT [ Sa (2ω)] 2 + x(3)e − jπk + x(4)e 3
+ x(5)e 3


t  ωτ 
→ AτSa 2 
We have A Tri   ←⎯ 1 − j πk − j 2 πk − j 4 πk − j 5 πk

 Ck = 1 + 2e 3
−e 3
−e 3
+ 2e 3 
τ  2  6 
1
At τ = 4 and A = − j 4 πk  2π 
j  −2 π+  k +
j 2 πk
4 But e 3
=e  3 
=e 3

1 t − j 5 πk  π + j πk
→ Sa 2 (2ω)
Tri   ←⎯ j  −2 π+  k
4 4 and e 3
=e  3
=e 3

1 t 1 − j πk − j 2 πk + j 2 πk + j πk

∴ x(t ) = IFT [ Sa 2 (2ω)] = Tri   C k = 1 + 2e 3 − e 3 − e 3 + 2e 3 
4 4 6 
From equation (iii),
1  − j3πk − j πk
  j 23πk − j 2 πk

3 Ck = 1 + 2  e + e 3
−
  e + e 3

∴ I = 2π x(t ) t =−1 = 2π× = 1.178 6      
16
x (t ) 1  πk   2πk  
Ck = 1 + 2  2 cos  −  2 cos 
3  
1
6  3  
4
3 1 πk 2πk 
Ck = 1 + 4 cos − 2 cos
16 6 3 3 

t Hence, the correct option is (D).

-4 -1 4
118. (C)
Hence, the correct answer is 1.178.
117. (D)
4e −2 jω , ω ≤2
Given : X (ω) = 
 0, Otherwise
Given :

{
x( n) = ........ − 1, 2,1, 2, − 1, 0, − 1, 2,1, 2,.....
↑
} X (ω) can be plotted as shown below,
X(w)

Sequence x ( n) has sample values x (0) = 1 ,

x(1) = 2, x (2) = −1, x(3) = 0 ,
x(4) = −1, x (5) = 2 repeating itself after
N = 6sec
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.71
We know that, X 2 (w)
H (w) e- j 2w

1 sin 2(t - 2) F .T
¬¾¾ ® w
p(t - 2) -2 0 2
sin at F .T
¬¾¾ ® w
pt -a 0 a
X (w)

X 1 (w) 4e - j 2 w
4sin 2(t - 2) F .T
1 ¬¾¾ ® w
p(t - 2) -2 0 2
sin 2t F .T
¬¾¾ ® w
pt -2 0 2 Hence, the correct option is (C).
119. (A)

Signals x1 (t ) and x2 (t ) are plotted below,

x1 (t )

– 14 –8 –2 4 10 16
t
– 18 – 12 –6 6 12 18

–1

x2 (t )

– 12 –4 4 12
t
– 16 –8 8 16

–1

From above figures, we can conclude that,

Fundamental period of x1 (t ) = T1 = 6 sec , Fundamental period of x2 (t ) = T2 = 8 sec
T1 6
Ratio of the time periods = = Rational number
T2 8
Hence, x(t ) = x1 (t ) + x2 (t ) is periodic.
Fundamental period of x(t ) is given by,
T = LCM of (T1 , T2 ) = LCM of (6, 8) = 24 sec
2π 2π π
Fundamental frequency of x(t ) , ω0 = = = rad/sec
T 24 12
Hence, the correct option is (A).
 3.72 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®

120. 0 Energy of x(t ) will be,

∞ 6
Given : x( n) = sin (0.2 πn) E =  x 2 (t ) dt =  82 dt = 384 J
−∞ 0
j 0.2 πn − j 0.2 πn
e −e Hence, the correct answer is 384.
x ( n) =
2j 122. (A)
1 jΩn 1 − jΩn
x ( n) = e − e Ω
2j 2j sin  
Ω 2
Given : H (e jΩ ) = tan   =
Where, Ω = 0.2 π  2  cos  Ω 
 
1 −1 2
∴ C1 = and C−1 = Ω Ω
2j 2j j −j
e 2
−e 2
Ω Ω
As Ω = 0.2 π 2j e
j
2
−e
−j
2
2
H (e j Ω ) = = ×
0.2π 1 j
Ω
−j
Ω
2j jΩ
−
jΩ
f = = 0.1 = e 2
+e 2
e 2
+e 2
2π 10
2
∴ Time period of x ( n) is N = 10 sec
 − jΩ j 
Ω

∴ Fourier series coefficient, je 2 −e 2 

jΩ   j ( e− jΩ − 1)
−1 H (e ) = jΩ jΩ
= − jΩ
C9 = C−1+10 = C−1 = − e +1
2j e +e2 2

1 1 Y (e jΩ ) j (e − jΩ − 1)
C1 + C9 = − =0 = − jΩ
2j 2j X (e j Ω ) e +1
Hence, the correct answer is 0. Y (e j Ω ) e − j Ω + Y ( e j Ω )
121. 384 = j  e − jΩ × X (e jΩ ) − X (e jΩ ) 

Given signal is, x(t ) = 4[sgn(t ) + sgn(6 − t )] Taking inverse Fourier transform, we get
y ( n − 1) + y ( n) = − jx( n) + jx( n − 1)
We know that, sgn(t ) = 2u (t ) − 1
Hence, the correct option is (A).
sgn(6 − t ) = sgn[ −(t − 6)] = − sgn(t − 6)
123. (C)
sgn(6 − t ) = − [2u (t − 6) − 1]
Given : Signal x ( t ) can be written as,
∴ x(t ) = 4[sgn(t ) − sgn(t − 6)]
x (t ) = 4[2u (t ) − 1 − 2u (t − 6) + 1] x ( t ) = x1 ( t ) + x2 ( t )
x (t ) = 4[2u (t ) − 2u (t − 6)] Where, x1 ( t ) and x2 ( t ) can be drawn as shown
x (t ) = 8[u (t ) − u (t − 6)] below,
The signal x(t ) can be plotted as shown below, x1 (t )
x(t)

8 1

t t
0 6 -2 0 2
GATE ACADEMY® Signals & Systems 3.73

x2 (t ) Given : x(t ) = e− jt
d − jt
y (t ) = −2(e ) = −2 × − je− jt = 2 je − jt
1 dt
Hence, the correct option is (B).

t 125. 34
−2 0 2
Given signal is as shown below,
Signal x1 ( t ) can be written as,
t
x1 ( t ) = rect  
4
Fourier transform of x1 ( t ) will be
X 1 ( f ) = 4sin c ( 4 f )
Signal x2 ( t ) can be written as,
x(t ) = x1 (t ) + x2 (t )
t
x2 ( t ) = tri   Energy [ x (t )] = Energy [ x1 (t )] + Energy [ x2 (t )]
2
+ 2 Area of [ x1 (t ) x2 (t )]
Fourier transform of x2 ( t ) will be
The plot of x1 (t ), x1 (t ) x2 (t ) and x2 (t ) can be
X 2 ( f ) = 2sin c 2 ( 2 f )
drawn as shown below,
∴ Fourier transform of x ( t ) will be
x1 (t )
X ( f ) = X1 ( f ) + X 2 ( f )
X ( f ) = 4sin c ( 4 f ) + 2sin c 2 ( 2 f )
2
Hence, the correct option is (C).
124. (B) t
0 4
From the given figure,
x2 (t )
H ( jω) = −2 jω
Y ( jω)
= H ( jω) = −2 jω 3
X ( jω)
Y ( jω) = −2 jωX ( jω) …(i)
We know that, t
F .T
0 1 2 3 4
If x(t ) ←⎯⎯
→ X ( jω)
x1x 2 (t )
d F .T
x(t ) ←⎯⎯ →( jω) X ( jω)
dt
On applying inverse fourier transform in 6

equation (i), we get

d
y (t ) = −2 x(t ) t
dt 0 1 2 3 4
 3.74 Paramount 1111 [EC] GATE ACADEMY®
1
Area, [ x1 (t ) x2 (t )] = × 2 × 6 = 6
2
Energy, [ x1 (t )] = 22 × 4 = 16
32
Energy, [ x2 (t )] = ×2 = 6
3
Energy, [ x(t )] = 16 + 6 + 2 × 6
[ x (t )] = 16 + 6 + 12 = 34 J
Hence, the correct answer is 34.

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