Choose the most appropriate option for each of the following questions: 1. Identify the correct statement from the following: a) Evaporation produces cooling effect and latent heat of vapourisation is released during this process. b) Evaporation of some liquids can take place even at a higher temperature than the boiling point of those liquids. c) Rate of evaporation depends on the surrounding temperature. d) Evaporation of a liquid always takes place at one particular temperature only. 2.
What is the physical state of water at 50°C and the name of the heat absorbed at 100°C? a) Liquid; latent heat of fusion. b) Vapour; latent heat of vapourisation. c) Solid; latent heat of fusion. d) Liquid; latent heat of vapourisation. 3. Which of the following are homogeneous in nature? (i) ice (ii) wood (iii) soil (iv) air. a) (i) and (iii) b) (ii) and (iv) c) (i) and (iv) d) (iii) and (iv). 4. Two chemical species A and B combine together to form a product C which contains both A and B A+B→C A and B cannot be broken down into simpler substances by simple chemical reactions. Which of the following concerning the species A, B and C are correct? (i) C is a compound. (ii) A and B are compounds. (iii) A and B are elements. (iv) C has a fixed composition. a) (i), (ii) and (iii) b) (i), (ii) and (iv) c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) d) (i), (iii) and (iv).
Page 1 of 5 5. Hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ration of 1:8 by mass. It justifies a) water is a compound. b) the law of conservation of mass. c) the law of definite proportions. d) both a) and c). 6. One atomic mass unit can be defined as a) the mass unit which is exactly equal to the one-twelfth the mass of a C-12 isotope. b) the mass unit which is exactly equal to the mass of a C-12 isotope. c) the mass of one atom of an element. d) none of these. 7. Which of the following represent(s) a molecule of oxygen element? (i) O (ii) O2 (iii) O3 a) (i),(ii) and (iii) b) Only (ii) c) Both (ii) and (iii) d) Only (i). 8. Which of the following correctly represent the electronic distribution in the Al ion? a) 2, 8, 3 b) 2, 8 c) 2, 8, 2 d) 2, 8, 1. 9. Elements with valency 1 are a) always metals b) always metalloids c) either metals or non-metals d) always non-metals. 10. Rutherford’s α–particle scattering experiment showed that (i) electrons have negative charge. (ii) the mass and positive charge of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus. (iii) neutron exists in the nucleus. (iv) most of the space in atom is empty. Which of the above statements are correct? a) (i) and (iii) b) (ii) and (iv) c) (i) and (iv) d) (iii) and (iv). Assertion-Reason Based Questions Each of the following questions consists of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate option as given below: a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true. 1. A: When 10g of CaCO3 is decomposed, 5.6g of CaO is left and 4.4g of CO2 escapes. R: The law of conservation of mass is followed. 2. A: Tincture of iodine does not show Tyndall effect. R: Tincture of iodine is a heavier suspension. 3. A: Increase in temperature of water increases its rate of evaporation. R: Higher is the rate of evaporation, more is the kinetic energy of the water molecules. 4. A: Rutherford’s ‘alpha (α) particles scattering experiment’ resulted in the discovery of neutrons. R: Rutherford used a gold foil in the above experiment. 5. A: A mixture of iron and sulphur is heterogeneous in nature. R: When dilute HCl is added to the above mixture, hydrogen gas is released. 6. A: Chlorine exists as two isotopes with mass numbers 35 and 37 respectively. R: The atomic mass of chlorine is 35.5u. 7. A: The chemical symbol for sodium is NA. R: The chemical symbol is a shorthand representation of an element.
Page 2 of 5 8. A: The molecular formula of aluminium sulphate is Al2(SO4)3. R: The molecular formula represents the composition of a compound. 9. A: Valency of magnesium is 2. R: Electronic configuration of magnesium is K shell (2 electrons), L shell (8 electrons) and M shell (2 electrons). 10. A: Smell of perfume spreads in the surroundings due to diffusion. R: Diffusion involves movement of molecules from its region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
Case Study Based/Paragraph Based Questions
1. Read the following paragraph and answer the following questions: The word ‘matter’ refers to everything in the universe that has mass and takes up space. States of matter are generally described on the basis of certain observable important features. Three states of matter can be found in daily life: solid, liquid and gas. Matter that feels hard and maintains a fixed shape is called a solid, matter that maintains its volume but not its shape is called a liquid. Matter that can change both shape and volume is called a gas. a) In which form, do the water molecules have less kinetic energy? b) “Volume of the gas is equal to the volume of the container confining the gas.”- Is it a correct statement about a gas? Explain. c) Why is the compressibility of a gas maximum? d) Explain the change in kinetic energy of molecules when a solid melts to liquid and attains a temperature higher than its melting point. 2. Read the following paragraph and answer the following questions: Pure substances are classified as elements or compounds. An element is a substance that contains only one type of atom. Also, an element cannot be broken down or transformed into a new substance even by using some physical or chemical methods. A compound is a substance composed of two or more different types of elements, chemically combined in a fixed proportion. The constituents cannot be separated by simple physical methods. However, these substances can be broken down into separate elements by chemical methods. On the other hand, mixtures are different from pure substances. They are called impure substances. They have different characteristics than elements and compounds. They are composed of different elements or compounds mixed together or more than one pure substance that combined together in any composition. When, mixture forms, there is only a little or no energy change. Mixtures are further classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. a) Identify the elements from the following gases: Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, ammonia and methane. b) Can we consider blood as a true solution? Why? c) State two properties of water that justify it as a compound. 3. Read the following paragraph and answer the following questions: Atoms of most elements are not able to exist independently. Atoms of same elements or different elements combine to form molecules and ions. (atoms exist as molecules or ions) Atoms of the same element or of different elements can join together to form molecules. The molecules of an element are constituted by the same type of atoms. Atoms of different elements join together in definite proportions Page 3 of 5 to form molecules of compounds. a) What is the ratio between masses of carbon and oxygen in the molecule of carbon dioxide? b) Mention the name and symbol of the polyatomic ion present in calcium bisulphate. c) Hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ratio of 1:8 by mass to form water. What mass of oxygen gas would be required to react completely with 3 g of hydrogen gas? 4. Read the following paragraph and answer the following questions: Isotopes are elements with the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons. Since, the atomic number is equal to the number of protons and the atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons, isotopes are elements with the same atomic number but different mass numbers. For example, hydrogen has three isotopes namely protium, deuterium and tritium. a) Draw the atomic structure of the three isotopes of hydrogen. b) Which isotope of chlorine has greater mass and why? c) Why do isotopes have similar chemical properties but different physical properties? SA Type Questions 1. Write one similarity and one difference between isotopes of an element. 2. Write symbols of sulphate and phosphate radicals and write the formula of aluminium sulphate and calcium phosphate. 3. Briefly explain any two factors on which the rate of evaporation of any liquid depends. 4. Define atomicity. State atomicity of a) argon and b) ozone. 5. a) Is a saturated solution always a concentrated solution? Comment. b) How can we convert a saturated solution to an unsaturated one? 6. Why does the rate of diffusion increase with the increase of temperature? Mention an activity to demonstrate it. 7. Though methane is made up of hydrogen and carbon, still it is a pure substance. Explain. 8. Why are atomic masses of some elements not in whole numbers? Calculate the average atomic mass of nitrogen. Its isotopes have mass numbers 14 and 15 with occurrence of 99.64% and 0.35% respectively. LA Type Questions 1. a) What do you mean by the concentration of a solution? The concentration of a salt solution in terms of mass by mass percentage is 20% and the mass of solution is 550g. Determine the mass of solute present in the solution. b) 5g of a solute is dissolved in 25g of water to make a saturated solution at 298K. Calculate the solubility of the substance. c) What will happen if the saturated solution is cooled? 2. a) Ammonia and HCl are being prepared in two corners of a laboratory. Which gas will be detected first first by a student working in the middle of the laboratory? Explain. b) Carbon dioxide gas is heavier than both nitrogen and oxygen. Why does not it form a lower layer in the atmosphere? c) Which contains more heat-1kg of ice at 00C or 1kg of water at 1000C? Explain. 3. a) State the law of constant proportions b) In an experiment 6.8g of copper was obtained by the reduction of 8.2g of CuO with hydrogen. In another experiment 3.4g of copper was oxidised and 4.1g of copper oxide was obtained. Prove that these results illustrate the law of constant proportions. c) What is the relative atomic mass of an element? Why is oxygen taken as a standard?
Page 4 of 5 4. a) Calculate the molecular mass of potassium carbonate? [Atomic masses: K=39u, C=12u, O=16u]. b) Calculate the formula unit of calcium chloride. [Atomic masses: C=40u, Cl=35.5u]. c) Write three points about the significance of the symbol of an element. 5. a) What are the observations of Rutherford’s model of an atom? b) What are the conclusions Rutherford gave after seeing the observations? c) What are the drawbacks of Rutherford’s model of an atom? 6. a) In the atom of an element X, 6 electrons are present in the outermost shell. If it acquires noble gas configuration by accepting the requisite number of electrons, then what would be the charge on the ion so formed? b) The atomic number of calcium and argon are 40 and 38 respectively but the mass number of both these elements is 40.What is the name given to a pair of these elements? c) Is it possible for an atom of an element to have one electron, one proton and no neutron? If so name the element. d) The atomic mass of chlorine is fractional. Why?
