Multimedia Systems

Introduction to
Multimedia
 Introduction to Multimedia

De ning Multimedia
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 De ning Multimedia

What is Multimedia?
Multimedia is the use of computers to
present text, graphics, video, animation,
and audio in an integrated format.
The word itself, sometimes spelled with a
hyphen as multi-media, has been used
since 1962, from multi-, or "many," rooted
in the Latin multus, "many or much;" and
media, the plural form of medium, or
"system of communication."
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 De ning Multimedia

How is Multimedia used?

Multimedia is most commonly used in
education and business. In education,
teachers use multimedia elements to
deliver lessons effectively for various
learning styles.
Any given student population may consist
of auditory, visual, and kinesthetic learners,
so a teacher’s curriculum should include
multimedia elements that address each of
these styles.
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 De ning Multimedia

How is Multimedia used?

From a business perspective, multimedia is
a necessity for engaging customers online.
The more ways a customer can understand
how a product works, the more likely they
are to make a purchase.
For example, a product listing on a business’s
website may include photos, a text description,
and a video of the item in action to highlight the
product’s bene ts.
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Introduction to Multimedia

History of Multimedia
 History of Multimedia

History of Multimedia
In July 1966, American showman,
songwriter, and artist Bobb Goldsteinn
coined the term multimedia to promote the
opening of his "LightWorks at L'Oursin"
show at Southampton, Long Island, New
York.
Some say he was inspired by composer Dick
Higgins, who coined the term “intermedia” two
years earlier to describe art that couldn’t be
classi ed into one speci c category.
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History of Multimedia

History of Multimedia
- In the 1970s, Multimedia was used to describe
presentations consisting of multi-projector slide shows
timed to an audio track.
- The 1990s saw multimedia take on its current meaning
and in 1993, in “McGraw-Hill’s Multimedia: Making It
Work,” Tray Vaughan de ned Multimedia as “any
combination of text, graphic art, sound, animation and
video, delivered by the computer”.
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Today, “multimedia art” is
For example, an audio recording might play
most often associated with alongside a light display. A dancer might
art that incorporates the perform against the backdrop of a short lm.
A poem might incorporate the use of
use of technology. animated images.

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Introduction to Multimedia

Categories of
Multimedia
Categories of Multimedia

Multimedia may be
broadly divided into linear
and non-linear categories.
One form of multimedia is called linear because it
plays out in one continuous narrative sequence.
Another type of multimedia is called nonlinear
because information is not laid out in a
chronological manner, but with many potential
directions.
Categories of Multimedia

Linear Multimedia
- Linear Multimedia is a type of a - Because of its nature where audience
multimedia that is designed to be participation is not expected, Linear
presented in a sequential manner. It Multimedia may also be referred to as
has a distinct beginning and end. It “Passive Multimedia”.
goes on a logical ow from a starting - In this kind of presentation, the creator
point to a conclusion. of the multimedia is in control.
- It is usually intended for display - This kind of media is preferential if
purposes with not much interaction interaction is not necessary in the
or distraction from the audience. presentation
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Categories of Multimedia

Linear Multimedia
- Main goals include: to entertain, to
transmit knowledge, and to make
people familiar on a certain topic
without any form of diversion.
- Examples may be:
✴A simple Powerpoint presentation
✴A slideshow of pictures that goes
on with a speci c direction
✴A storyline or movie
✴ An anime episode
✴ A Youtube video
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Categories of Multimedia

Linear Multimedia
Advantages Disadvantages
- Audience gets to focus and - Minimal interactivity, or none at all
concentrate on a speci c topic. - Audience has no say on the topic they
- There is logical order in the want to dwell into.
presentation. Organized.
- Presenter controls the ow of the
presentation
- Effective when we need our audience
to absorb the information well
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Categories of Multimedia

Non-Linear Multimedia

- Non-linear multimedia is a non- - With the presence of an interface, the

sequential type of multimedia where person and the computer interacts with
the person’s participation is crucial. each other.
- In this type of media, the person - From a starting point, the person using
needs to interact with a computer a nonlinear multimedia is given a range
program, thus making him in control of options that, according to his own
of the experience. preferences, will lead him to a new
information.
Categories of Multimedia

Non-Linear Multimedia
Examples may be:
✴A website
✴A search engine’s home page
✴A DVD menu screen
✴ A Youtube Channel
✴A streaming site
Categories of Multimedia

Non-Linear Multimedia

Advantage Disadvantages
- The person is in control and may use - Requires a level of computer literacy
the multimedia according to his from the user
preferences and needs. - May be unorganized if not used well
Introduction to Multimedia

Applications of
Multimedia
Nowadays, it is nearly
impossible for an organization
or company to work without
integrating di erent
multimedia platforms to
conduct its day-to-day
operations.
Catering to the demand of various types,
multimedia has different usages in a given
situation.
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Popular applications
of multimedia

‣ Creative Industries ‣ Communication

‣ Commerce ‣ Journalism
‣ Entertainment ‣ Engineering
‣ Education ‣ Medicine
‣ Educational ‣ Research
Technology ‣ Interior Designing
‣ Social Work Purposes
Applications of Multimedia

Journalism

Media organizations everywhere are Guardian’s multimedia story ‘The Shirt on

incorporating convergent Your Back’ is a prime example of how a
multimedia story is developed through the
technology in their daily reporting
use of text, video, and other forms of
and practices of journalism.
interactive technologies.
Global newspapers like the New York Times,
Nowadays, a journalist, with the help of a
Guardian, etc, have already made
mobile phone, is capable of making live
themselves pioneers in its usage and
video broadcasts without the need for a
ushering global media towards a new age.
camera person.
Applications of Multimedia

E-Commerce

Online business has effectively replaced

traditional ways of buying and selling.
Simply by scrolling through online shopping sites like
Amazon, we see how text, pictures, and videos have been
blended into making an appealing user interface.

Through the use of multimedia, various companies offer

interesting details of products to the prospective consumer
who, simply through a mobile phone, buys and compares
products online to check their suitability and price
variances.
Applications of Multimedia

Entertainment

One of the main and widespread applications of

multimedia can be seen in the entertainment
industry. Movies, ads, and short clips are now
being created using special effects and
animations, like VFX.
Multimedia is also used for gaming purposes which is
distributed online or through CDs. These games also
integrated various multimedia features. Online storage
distribution of movies is not only its ef cient use but also a
way to secure them against any loss through in nite copies.
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Applications of Multimedia

Education
The applications of multimedia in the education
sector are no less than a paradigm shift. Through its
usage, it is now feasible to create interactive
educational materials, like books, PDFs, videos,
PowerPoint presentations, etc along with one-touch
access to websites like Wikipedia.
Through virtual classrooms, teachers and students can avail
the opportunity to learn, interact and exchange informative
ideas without stepping outside and sitting for hours inside a
classroom. On top of everything, computer-based
competitive as well as scholastic exams are being
conducted globally only via the use of multimedia.
Applications of Multimedia

Computer
With the emergence of the internet and its rapid
spread across the world, traditional types of
communication have become obsolete. Online
video calling has become the new face of
communication.
Video platforms like Skype, and Google Meet allow video chats
that can happen between friends or can be used for conducting
meetings between different heads of countries. Communication
has been moulded as a matter of a fraction of a second, hence,
now you can easily convey anything with just a few clicks. This has
turned out to be a boon in situations of emergency, thus, it is
known as one of the most bene cial applications of multimedia.
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Introduction to Multimedia

Stages of Multimedia
Production
Stages of Multimedia Production

A multimedia program should go through

various multimedia production phases.
There are three main stages of a multimedia project:

Pre-production Production Post-production

The process before The process in which The process after the
producing multimedia multimedia project is production of multimedia
project. produced. project.
Stages of Multimedia Production

Pre-production
Stages of Multimedia Production

Pre-production
Pre-production is a fairly loose term which
refers to the tasks undertaken before
production begins. Exactly what is included
in this stage depends on the medium and
situation.

For a small video company, pre-production

may refer to everything that happens
before shooting begins, for example,
meeting with the client, research,
storyboarding, location planning, etc.
 Stages of Multimedia Production

Pre-production

For feature lms, pre-production is more speci c and only begins

when other milestones have been met such as nancing, screenplay,
casting and major staf ng. In this case pre-production includes:

‣ Location scouting

‣ Prop and wardrobe identi cation and preparation

‣ Special effects identi cation and preparation

‣ Production schedule

‣ Set construction

‣ Script-locking (semi- nalization of the script)

‣ Script read-through with cast, director and other interested parties

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Stages of Multimedia Production

Production
 Stages of Multimedia Production

Production
It refers to the part of the process in which In large feature lms, the beginning of the
footage is recorded. This is what most production phase marks the "point of no
people imagine when they think of a lm return", i.e. the point at which it is no longer
being made — actors on sets, cameras nancially viable to cancel the project.
rolling, etc. The production phase is also At this point, it is almost always cheaper to
known as principal photography. continue until the project is nished than to deal
with the nancial fall-out of canceling.
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Stages of Multimedia Production

Production

The goal of principal photography is obviously

to record all required shots, however it is fairly
common to shoot "pick-up" shots in post-
production.
Pick-up shots may be required when a mistake is noticed, a
script change is made (this is unusual), or even if a
performance is deemed to be unsatisfactory.
In music, production usually refers to the creative direction of a
project. Unlike a lm producer who is more of a manager, a
music producer has a very hands-on role in the creative
development.
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Stages of Multimedia Production

Post-production
Stages of Multimedia Production

Post-production
Post-production is the third and nal major phase of
the production process. It is often referred to simply
as post, e.g. "We can sort that out in post".
There are many things which can happen in post-
production. Common tasks include:

‣ Editing video footage

‣ Editing the soundtrack, adding sound effects, music, etc.
‣ Adding titles and graphics
‣ Colour and exposure correction
‣ Adding special effects
‣ Re-shooting certain scenes if required ("pick-up" shots)
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Stages of Multimedia Production

Post-production
In some cases post-production is
relatively straightforward, consisting of
choosing and arranging footage in the
correct sequence.

In most cases however, post-production is

a time-consuming job taking longer than
the actual production phase.
Stages of Multimedia Production

Post-production timeline of
Avengers: Endgame

July 2018 September 2018 October 2018

Editing for Endgame Main additional photography Additional photography is
begins a few weeks before for Endgame begins with the completed.
the release of Ant-Man cast returning to the Atlanta
and the Wasp. set.
 Stages of Multimedia Production

Post-production timeline of
Avengers: Endgame

November 2018 January 2019 March 2019

The Russo brothers said Some nal reshoots occurs, The Russos con rmed that
they were "about halfway including the climax where the nal lm edit for
through" editing the lm. Tony Stark uses the In nity Endgame was locked.
Stones.
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Stages of Multimedia Production

Recap
‣ Pre-production refers to the tasks
undertaken before production
begins.
‣ Production is the part of the process
in which footage is recorded.
‣ Post-production is the process of
altering and enhancing audio, visual,
and motion graphics after lming has
been completed.
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Introduction to Multimedia

Elements of
Multimedia
 Elements of Multimedia

Text
- Text is the basic element of multimedia. It involves the
use of text types, sizes, colors and background colors.
- In multimedia, text is mostly use for titles, headlines,
menus, paragraphs, and lists.
- In a multimedia application, other media or screen can
be linked through the use of text. This is what you call
hypertext.
- The most commonly used software for viewing text les
are Microsoft Word, Notepad, Word Pad, etc. Mostly, the
text les are formatted with DOC and TXT extensions.
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 Elements of Multimedia

Graphics
- It is a digital representation of non-text information, such as
a drawing, chart, or photograph.
- Graphics make the multimedia application attractive. They
help to illustrate ideas through still pictures.
- There are two types of graphics used: bitmaps and vectors.
- Bitmaps graphics are also called raster graphics. A bitmap
represents the images as an array of dots called pixels.
Bitmap graphics are resolution-dependent and generate
large le sizes.
- Vectors graphics are images drawn on the computer with
software that uses geometrical formulas to represent images
and only require a small amount of memory.
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Elements of Multimedia

Video
- Video is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing,
storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images
representing scenes in motion.
- Photographic images that are played back at speeds of 15 to 30 frames a
second provide the appearance of full motion
- The uses of video:
‣ convey information which can incorporate a personal element which
other media lack.
‣ Promoting television shows, lms, or other non-computer media that
traditionally have used trailers in their advertising.
‣ Giving users an impression of a speaker’s personality.
‣ Showing things that move. For example, a clip from a motion picture.
Product demos of physical products are also well suited for video.
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Elements of Multimedia

Audio
- In multimedia, audio means related with recording or playing.
- It increases the understandability and improves the clarity of
the concept.
- Audio includes speech, music, or any other sound.
- The use of sound:
‣ Music
• Background
• Attention grabber
• Sound effect
‣ Speech
• Narration
• Instruction
Elements of Multimedia

Animation
- Animation is a simulation of movement created by a series of
illustrations or photographs displayed in rapid succession.
- Whereas videography takes continuous motion and breaks it up
into discrete frames, animation starts with independent pictures and
puts them together to form the illusion of continuous motion.
- It is an optical illusion of motion due to the phenomenon of
persistence of vision, and can be created and demonstrated in a
number of ways.
- The uses of animation:
‣ To attract attention
‣ To inform about the state of process
‣ Demonstrations
‣ Interactive simulations