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Introduction to Computing Systems

The document outlines a comprehensive introduction to computing systems, covering topics such as computer components, digital systems, number systems, Boolean algebra, combinational and sequential circuits, and computer architecture. It also includes practical applications and programming concepts, specifically focusing on the LC-3 architecture. The content is structured over ten weeks, providing a detailed curriculum for understanding computing fundamentals.

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cabhishekreddy1410
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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4 views

Introduction to Computing Systems

The document outlines a comprehensive introduction to computing systems, covering topics such as computer components, digital systems, number systems, Boolean algebra, combinational and sequential circuits, and computer architecture. It also includes practical applications and programming concepts, specifically focusing on the LC-3 architecture. The content is structured over ten weeks, providing a detailed curriculum for understanding computing fundamentals.

Uploaded by

cabhishekreddy1410
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computing Systems

Week 1

Components and Functions of a Computer

Hardware and Software Components

Levels of Transformation in Computer Systems

History of Computers

Introduction to LC-3

Week 2

Need for Digital Systems

Introduction to Number Systems

Binary Number System

Octal and Hexadecimal Number System

Operations on Binary

Unsigned and Signed Magnitude Representation

Binary Addition Using Signed Magnitude Representation

One’s Complement Representation

Binary Addition Using One’s Complement Representation

Two’s Complement Representation

Arithmetic Operations Using Two’s Complement Representation

Arithmetic Operation: Addition and Subtraction

Arithmetic Operation: Sign Extension and Overflow

Logical Operation: AND, OR, NOT, XOR...

BCD and ASCII code

BCD Arithmetic

Reading Note: Binary Codes

Week 3

Introduction to Boolean Algebra

Important Boolean Algebra Terms

Postulates of Boolean Algebra

Boolean Algebra Theorems


Boolean Algebra

Boolean Functions: Standard and Canonical Forms

Postulates and Theorems

Deriving SOP Expression from a Truth Table

Boolean Functions

Boolean Functions: SOP and POS

De Morgan’s Theorem

Week 4

Introduction to K-Map Method

Representation of SOP and POS on K-Map

Procedure for Boolean Expression Simplification

Two-Variable K-Map

Three-Variable K-Map

Four-Variable K-Map

Don’t Care Condition

POS Expression Simplification Using Three-Variable K-Map

POS Expression Simplification Using Four-Variable K-Map

Logic Circuit Design

Gate-Level Minimization

Week 5

Introduction to Combinational Circuits

Half Adder

Full Adder

4-bit Adder

Combinational Circuits: Binary Adder

Half Subtractor

Full Subtractor

Magnitude Comparator

Binary Subtractor and Comparator

Decoder

Encoder
Applications of Decoder and Encoder

Multiplexer

Demultiplexer

Applications of Multiplexer and Demultiplexer

Combinational Circuits: Data Transmission Circuits

Combinational Logic Circuits

Data Transmission Circuits

Week 6

Introduction to Sequential Circuits

Storage Elements: RS Latch

Storage Elements: RS Flip-Flops

Storage Elements: JK Flip-Flop

Demerits of JK Flip-Flop

Storage Element: JK Master Slave Flip-Flop

Storage Element: D Flip-Flop

T Flip-Flops

Sequential Circuits: Latches and Flip-Flop

Introduction to Registers

Shift Registers

Concept of Memory: Address Space and Addressability

Types of Memory

Example of Memory Unit: 4x2 bit Memory

Basic Storage Elements

Week 7

Von Neumann Architecture: Basic Components

Von Neumann Bottleneck

Harvard Architecture

LC-3 as an Example

Instruction Overview

Instruction Cycle

Computer Organization and Architecture


Week 8

Memory Organization and Registers

Instruction Format and Opcodes

Data Types and Addressing Modes

Condition Codes

LC-3 ISA Overview

LC-3 Operate Instructions

LC-3 Data Movement Instructions

LC-3 Control Instructions

Week 9

Structured Programming

Sequential, Conditional, and Iterative Constructs

Subroutines

Problem to Program: Part 1

LC-3 Programming

Week 10

External Devices

Need for I/O Module

Memory Mapped and I/O Schemes

Example of Memory Mapped and I/O Schemes

Asynchronous and Synchronous Data Transfer

Programmed I/O

Interrupt Driven I/O

Direct Memory Access

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