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The document presents an analysis and improvement of a temperature control system for a chemical process using a PID controller. The implementation of the PID controller reduced the peak time from 16 seconds to approximately 7.47 seconds, maintained a 5% overshoot, and eliminated steady-state error, confirming its effectiveness. Results from MATLAB Simulink corroborate the analytical findings, highlighting the importance of systematic controller design in enhancing industrial process control performance.

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2 views

Assignment

The document presents an analysis and improvement of a temperature control system for a chemical process using a PID controller. The implementation of the PID controller reduced the peak time from 16 seconds to approximately 7.47 seconds, maintained a 5% overshoot, and eliminated steady-state error, confirming its effectiveness. Results from MATLAB Simulink corroborate the analytical findings, highlighting the importance of systematic controller design in enhancing industrial process control performance.

Uploaded by

nemo.chk
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment

Course code: EEE 4104

Course title: Control System I Lab

Submitted by:
Muntasir Hossain Nadid (213016009)
Amit Kumar Chakma (213016007)

Submitted to: Md. Shahjalal, PhD

Date of submission: 01 January 2025


Problem description:
Consider the temperature control system for a chemical process shown in Figure 1. The
uncompensated system is operating with a rise time approximately the same as a second-order
system with a peak time of 16 seconds and 5% overshoot. There is also considerable steady-state
error.

Figure 1. Chemical process temperature control system.

Answer

Objective: To analyze and improve the performance of a chemical process temperature control
system by addressing steady-state error and rise time characteristics.

Theory: A system's response to inputs determines its performance. Key parameters like rise time,
peak time, overshoot, and steady-state error are essential metrics in evaluating system stability and
accuracy.
For a second-order system, the rise time is the time required for the system output to go from 10%
to 90% of its final value. The peak time is the duration until the maximum overshoot occurs.
Overshoot, expressed as a percentage, indicates how much the system exceeds its desired value
before settling. Steady-state error refers to the difference between the system's output and the
desired value as time approaches infinity.
In practical applications, significant steady-state error or sluggish rise time can degrade system
performance. Compensation techniques, such as adding controllers (e.g., proportional-integral-
derivative, or PID, controllers) or modifying system dynamics, are often employed to address these
issues. By analyzing the uncompensated system's response, appropriate modifications can be
designed to meet desired performance criteria.
MATLAB Circuit Diagram:

Figure: 01

Output:

Figure 02: Response with PID Controller


From the Figure 2 we can see that 𝑇𝑝 (Peak Time) is 7.47 s, which is approximates to the desired
value of 8 s. At 𝑇𝑝 of 8 s (approx.) the Peak Value of the amplitude of 1.05 is reached.

We know, the equation of Overshoot (% OS) is as follows:


𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝐶𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
% OS = × 100%
𝐶𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

We notice from the graph at Diagram 5 above that the peak is reached at 𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥 =1.05. Also, the
final value of the amplitude, 𝐶𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 1.

𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝐶𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 1.05−1


∴ % OS = × 100% = × 100% = 5%
𝐶𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 1

The graph (Figure 2) shows that the amplitude (𝐶𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 ) has a final value of 1. Hence there is no
steady state error.

Result Generated by PID Tuner:


The above readings from the graph are also confirmed by the results generated by Simulink which
are provided below:

Figure 03: Parameters of PID Controller

Here that the %OS is 4.51% (≈5%) and the peak amplitude is 1.05. This confirms our analysis
made from the graph.
Discussion:

The implementation of a PID controller in the given temperature control system significantly
enhances its dynamic performance. Initially, the uncompensated system exhibited a peak time of
16 seconds with a 5% overshoot and a considerable steady-state error, which are undesirable for
efficient chemical process control. The introduction of the PID controller reduced the peak time to
approximately 7.47 seconds, closely meeting the desired target of 8 seconds, as seen in Figure 2.
The overshoot was maintained within acceptable limits at 5%, ensuring stability and minimal risk
of system oscillations. Furthermore, the elimination of steady-state error, with the final amplitude
reaching unity, demonstrates the controller's effectiveness in achieving precise control. These
results are corroborated by the PID Tuner in MATLAB Simulink, which reported an overshoot of
4.51% and a peak amplitude of 1.05. This consistency between analytical calculations and
simulation results validates the tuning process and confirms the reliability of the implemented
controller. Overall, the use of a PID controller effectively addressed the limitations of the
uncompensated system, offering a stable, responsive, and accurate solution. This underscores the
importance of systematic controller design in optimizing the performance of industrial process
control systems, ensuring both operational efficiency and safety.

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