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5.5 Application of Multiple Integral

This document discusses multiple integrals and their applications to calculating surface area, mass, center of gravity, and centroids. It provides examples of using double integrals to find the surface area of various surfaces and solids, including planes, paraboloids, cones, cylinders, and spheres. It also demonstrates using double and triple integrals to calculate the total mass, center of gravity, and centroid of non-uniform laminae and solids where density is a function of position.

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Ting Wee Kiet
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381 views6 pages

5.5 Application of Multiple Integral

This document discusses multiple integrals and their applications to calculating surface area, mass, center of gravity, and centroids. It provides examples of using double integrals to find the surface area of various surfaces and solids, including planes, paraboloids, cones, cylinders, and spheres. It also demonstrates using double and triple integrals to calculate the total mass, center of gravity, and centroid of non-uniform laminae and solids where density is a function of position.

Uploaded by

Ting Wee Kiet
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.

APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

5.5.1 SURFACE AREA


z z and y x

The area of the surface with equation z = f ( x, y ), ( x, y ) R, where are continuous is

S=

z z x + y + 1 dA

EXAMPLE 1 Find the surface area of the plane 2 x + 3 y + z = 6 in the first octant. SOLUTION First we rewrite the equation of the plane as
z = 6 2 x 3 y

The partial derivatives


z = 2 x
z = 3 y

Thus,
z z + +1 = 14 x y
2 2

The surface area,


S = 14 dA =3 14
R

since

dA
R

is the area of the triangular region R which is equal to 3.

EXAMPLE 2 the plane z = 9. SOLUTION


z = 2x x

Find the area of the part of the paraboloid z = x 2 + y 2 that lies under

The projection of the paraboloid z = x 2 + y 2 , z 9 on the xy-plane is the


z =2 y y

disk x 2 + y 2 9. Since

we have
z z 2 2 + +1 = 4 x + 4 y +1 x y
= 4( x 2 + y 2 ) +1
2 2

Therefore surface area is given by

S=

4( x

+ y 2 ) + 1 dA

2 3

4r 2 + 1 r d r d = ...=

0 0

3 7 1 6

)
z =1 x 2 + y 2

EXAMPLE 3 plane. SOLUTION

Find the area of the part of the cone

that is above xy-

The projection of the cone

z =1 x 2 + y 2

on the xy-plane is the disk

x 2 + y 2 1. Since z = x x x +y
2 2

z = y

y x + y2
2

we have
z z + +1 = x y
2 2

x2 y2 + 2 +1 2 x +y x + y2
2

= 2

Therefore the surface area is given by

S=
since
R

dA = 2 dA =
R

dA is the area of the circular region R which is equal to .

5.5.2 MASS, CENTER OF GRAVITY, AND CENTROID

We consider a thin plate or lamina variable density. Suppose the lamina occupies a region R on the xy-plane and its density (in unit of mass per unit area) at a point ( x, y ) in R is given by ( x, y ), where is a continuous function on R. The total mass M of a lamina is given by
M = ( x, y ) dA
R

EXAMPLE 1 A triangular lamina with vertices (0,0), (0,1) and (1,0) has density function ( x, y ) = xy . Find its total mass. Solution
M = ( x, y )dA = xydA = x ydydx = ... =
R R 0 0 1 1x

1 24

Center of Gravity of an Inhomogeneous Lamina

The center of gravity ( x, y ) of a lamina occupying the region R and having density function ( x, y ) is given by
x=
_

My M

1 M

x ( x, y )dA
D

y=

Mx 1 = M M

y ( x, y)dA
R

where M y and M x are the first moment of lamina about y-axis and x-axis respectively. and the mass M is given by
M = ( x, y ) dA
R

EXAMPLE 2

A triangular lamina with vertices (0,0), (0,1) and (1,0) has

density function ( x, y ) = xy . Find its center of gravity. SOLUTION We have found that (in Example 1), the mass of this lamina is equal to
1 / 24 .

The moment of the lamina about y-axis is


M y = x ( x, y )dA = x 2 ydA = x 2
R R 0 1 1x

ydydx
0

= ... =

1 60

and the moment about x-axis


M x = y ( x, y ) dA = xy 2 dA = x
R R 0 1 1x

y
0

dydx = ... =

1 60

Thus,
x=
_

My M

1 / 60 2 = 1 / 24 5
5 5

y=

M x 1 / 60 2 = = M 1 / 24 5

2 2 So the center of gravity is , .

The center gravity of a homogeneous lamina is called the centroid of the lamina. The centroid ( x, y ) is given by
x=
_
_ _

1 xdA A R

y=

1 ydA A R
y = 4 x 2 .
_

EXAMPLE 3 Find the centroid of semicircle

SOLUTION Since the circle is symmetric about y-axis, x = 0. Now,


y=
_

1 2

(r sin )rdrd = ... = 3


0 0

so the centroid is 0,

8 . 3

CENTER OF GRAVITY AND CENTROID OF SOLID The mass M,


M = ( x, y , z ) dV
G

The center of gravity,


x= 1 M

x( x, y, z )dV
G

y=

1 M

y ( x, y, z )dV
G

z=

1 M

z ( x, y, z )dV
G

The centeroid,

x=

1 V

xdV
G

y=

1 V

ydV
G

z=

1 V

zdV
G

Example 4

Find the mass and center of gravity of cylindrical solid of height h and

radius a, assuming that the density at each point is proportional to the distance z from the base of the solid. Solution The mass,
M = kzdV = kzdA
G R 0 h

Let ( x, y , z ) = kz ,

k is positif constant.

1 2 1 kh dA = kh 2a 2 2 2 R

since Now,

dA
R

is the area of the circular region R of radius a which is equal to 2 . a

z=

1 M

kz
G

dV = ... =

2 h 3

EXERCISE 18 Find the following surface area. 1. The portion of the cylinder y 2 + z 2 = 9 that is above the rectangle
R = {( x, y ) : 0 x 1,3 y 3}.

2. The portion of the plane 2 x + 2 y + z = 6 in the first octant. 3. The portion of the cone z 2 = 6( x 2 + y 2 ) that is above the region in the first quadrant bounded by the line y = x and the parabola y = x 2 . 4. The portion of the cone
z= x2 + y2

that lies inside the cylinder x 2 + y 2 = 2 x.

5. The portion of the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16 between the planes z = 1 and z = 3. Find the mass and center of gravity of the lamina. 6. A lamina with density ( x, y ) = x + 2 y is bounded by the x-axis, the line x =1, and the curve
y= x.

7. A lamina with density ( x, y ) = xy is in the first quadrant and is bounded by the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 and the coordinate axes. Find the centroid of the solid. 8. The tetrahedron in the first octant enclosed by the coordinate planes and the plane
x + y + z = 2.

9. The solid bounded by the surface z = y 2 and the planes x = 0, x =1, and z = 4. 10. The solid in the first octant that is bounded by the sphere x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 and the coordinate planes. Answers:1. 3 6. M = 3.
7 6

4.

5.

16

9 130 13 , ; center of gravity at 10 189 27


15 15

16 16 7. M =8; center of gravity at ,

1 1 1 8. , , 2 2 2

9.

12 1 ,0, 5 2

10.

3 3 3 , , 4 4 4

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