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Lab4

The document outlines an experiment to study the relationships of voltages and currents in RL circuits, including both series and parallel configurations. It details the objectives, required equipment, procedures for measuring voltages and currents, and methods for calculating phase angles and circuit impedance. Additionally, it includes preview questions and questions for analysis at the end of the experiment.

Uploaded by

Gideon Tyree
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Lab4

The document outlines an experiment to study the relationships of voltages and currents in RL circuits, including both series and parallel configurations. It details the objectives, required equipment, procedures for measuring voltages and currents, and methods for calculating phase angles and circuit impedance. Additionally, it includes preview questions and questions for analysis at the end of the experiment.

Uploaded by

Gideon Tyree
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gideon Tyree

EXPERIMENT ϰ
RL CIRCUITS
Objectives:
To examine the relation of voltages in an RL series circuit.

To examine the relation of currents in an RL parallel circuit.

To determine phase angle between current and voltage in an RL series circuit.

Equipment & Components:

Function Generator (1)

Digital Multimeter (DMM) (1)

Oscilloscope (1)
Breadboard with jumper wires (1)

Resistors: 10 kΩ (1)

Inductor: 100 mH (1)

Preview Questions

1. What is the relation of voltages in an RL series circuit?

2. What is the relation of currents in a RL parallel circuit?

3. What are the phase angles between voltage and current of a resistor and that of an
inductor?
ϴR = ____________ ϴL = ____________
Procedures:
74.50
1. Select a 100 mH inductor and measure its winding resistance, R L = ___________.

10.64 k
2. Pick a 10 kΩ resistor and measure its resistance, R = ___________.

3. Build a circuit as shown in Figure 1. Adjust the function generator’s output to sine wave,
10 kHz, and 10 Vp-p.

4. Use a DMM to measure the applied voltage, and voltages across the inductor and
resistor.
3.5377 V
VT = _____________ VL = ______________
2.2029 V VR = _______________
3.0037 V

5. Explain how these voltages relate. The total voltage is the resistor's voltage plus the inductor's voltage,
but the inductor voltage is imaginary so the value comes out
differently than if you just added the base numbers.
6. Measure the current at point A. I A = ____________.
260.43 µA

7. Calculate the current in the resistor. ‫ܫ‬ோୀೇೃୀ


ೃ 300.37 µA

Does IA = IR? Yes: _______ No: _________

8. Connect both channels of the oscilloscope. Attach channel 1 to the function generator
and channel 2 across the resistor. Remember that both negative leads of the
oscilloscope must always be attached to the same spot in the circuit. Use the auto scale
button on the oscilloscope. You should see a yellow wave (channel 1) and a green wave
(channel 2). Select each channel, then click in on the zero knob to center both waves on
the same axis.
There are two methods to determine the phase difference. 1. Use the screen divisions.
First, get 1 wave on the screen. Remember that time is displayed across the screen.
Considering that AC waves are essentially circles that have been stretched out over
time, we can say 1 full wave = 360 degrees of electrical rotation.
Count how many divisions one full wave takes. ___________. That makes each
division = 360 degrees / (Divisions for 1 wave) = ___________ degrees per division.
With both waves centered, the phase angle is the difference between where the two
waves cross the zero-axis going upward. Count the divisions between where they cross
the zero axis. Multiply this amount by the degrees per wave found above.

ϴ = ____________
The second method is to use the measure button. The oscilloscope can show 4
measurements at the bottom of the screen. If phase angle isn’t selected, use the
measurement type soft key to change the type to phase angle.

ϴ = _____________ This should match what you observed above.

9. Calculate inductive reactance (XL) of the inductor with VL and I.


ܸ௅
ܺ௅ ൌ  ൌ
‫ܫ‬
If XL >> RL, (about 10x), we may ignore the inductor’s winding resistance and assume the
inductor has only XL in calculations.

10. In a series RL circuit, the phase angle between applied voltage and current can be
௑
calculated from ߐ ൌ –ƒିଵ ሺ ಽ ሻ =
ோ

11. Remember XL is the inductive reactance, it is 90 degrees off from normal resistance R.
They are combined into a term called circuit impedance Z. Z can be calculated with
applied voltage and current.

்ܸ
ܼ ൌ ൌ ݈ܽ‫ ܼ݁ݐ݈ܽݑ݈ܿܽܿ݋ݏ‬ൌ  ටܴ ଶ ൅ ܺ௅ ଶ ൌ
‫ܫ‬

12. Now set the function generator’s frequency to 20 kHz. Measure the current again at
point A using a DMM and measure the phase angle using the oscilloscope.

IA = _________________ ϴ = ________________

Why are these values different from the ones you found in previous steps?
13. Now build the parallel circuit in Figure 2. Set the function generator back to 10 kHz, 10
Vp-p.

14. Measure the total current, the current in the inductor, and the current in the resistor
with a DMM.

IT = _____________ IL = ______________ IR = _______________


How do these currents relate?

15. Measure the applied voltage, the voltage across the inductor, and the voltage across the
resistor?

VT = _____________ VL = ______________ VR = _______________


16. Calculate the circuit impedance Z, the inductive reactance X L, and the resistance R.

்ܸ ܸ௅ ܸோ
ܼ ൌ ൌ ܺ௅ ൌ  ൌ ܴ ൌ  ൌ
‫்ܫ‬ ‫ܫ‬௅ ‫ܫ‬ோ

17. Verify these with the circuit parameters:

ܴ ‫ܺ כ‬௅
ܺ௅ ൌ ʹߨ݂‫ ܮ‬ൌ ܽ݊݀ ܼ ൌ ൌ
ඥܴ ଶ ൅ ܺ௅ ଶ

Questions:
1. Explain why there is a phase shift between input voltage and the inductor voltage in an
RL series circuit.

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