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.P 1. MULTIMEDIA
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ww 3) Animation ww ww ww ww

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7. Delivering the Multimedia Product: Are best delivered on CD/DVD or in the website.
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s a l a i
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ww w w ww ww
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ww ww ww************* ww ww

Padasalai
J. BASKARAN M.Sc.,
i . O rg B.Ed. (C.S) i .Org i .Or g
i . O rg B.Ed. (C.S)
J. ILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil.,
.
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ww 2. AN INTRODUCTION TO ADOBE PAGEMAKER
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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ww ww ww ww ww
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i . O i . O i .Org i .Org .
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a s a l a
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w .PaPasteboard is used towtemporarily
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ww ww
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ww ww ww
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s a l a i contains the followingamenus,
s a l i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
P da File, Edit, Layout,PType,
a ada Element, Utilities,.PView,
ada Window, Help. .Pada P ada
w . . .
ww  When you click w onwawmenu item, a pulldown w
ww menu appears with sub-menus
ww
w w
ww .
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a s l a text
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
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d d d d ad
w .PaText Editing is the processw .Pa of inserting and deleting w .Pa words, correctingwerrors, .Pa moving and copying w .Ptext
ww in the document.ww ww ww ww
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i .Orgblock? i.Org i .Org .Org .
 PageMaker
a s a l a uses Text toola s
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acreate text blocks to typea s l a
athe text directly into aitsand l a i
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w .Painvisible. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
10. What is threading text blocks?
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s a l a i that
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da process of connecting
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w . w . w . w . w .
ww 11. What is threading ww text? ww ww ww
 Text blocks that are connected are said to be threaded.
l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
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s a among Text blocks is a
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w w w w
ww To insert pages ww ww ww ww
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a s
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ain the menu bar. a s a l a
a s a l a
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ww Type the numberwof w pages you want to insert ww in the dialog box appears. ww ww
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.Org
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a s l a
a s a l a
a s a la
a s a l a
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d new pages are inserted.
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ww ww ww 11
ww ww
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w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w
w Section-C ww ww

la i Org
Answer the .following questions
la i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org
(3 Marks)
lai.
s
1. What ais PageMaker? s
Explain a its uses. s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .PaAdobe PageMaker w is .aPa
page layout w
software. .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 It is used to design and produce documents that can be printed.
g rg .Org pages. .Org
i.Or you to easily position
 Toolsalaallow a l a i .Otext and graphics ona l i
document
a a l a i alai
.
d a s a s a s a s a s
PaMention
.2. three tools in ad
.PPageMaker and write.P ad keyboard shortcuts.
their .Pa
d
.Pa
d
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
rg rg .Org rg
sa lai.O sa lai.O a l a i
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sa lai.
da da das ada ada
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w.P w .P
ww ww ww w w ww
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sala
da the use of any three sala sala sala s ala
3. Write
a adatools in PageMaker aalong
da with symbols. ada a d a
w.P w.P w.P w.P ww
.P
ww ww ww ww w
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.Org i.
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das
ala
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w ww www www www ww
w

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i.O rg i.Org i.Org .Or g
a la a l a a l a l ai lai.
ada
s
ada
s
ada
s
a dasa ada
sa
w . P w.P w.P w. P w.P
ww 4. How do you rejoin ww split blocks? ww ww ww
Rejoining Spliti .OrgBlocks: i.Org i .Org i .Org .
a s
Toarejoin
l a
a the two text blocks, asa l a
a s a l a
a s al a
a s alai
w P d
.1. w
ad
.Pbottom w
d
.Pa text block, clickwand
d
.Padrag the bottom handle w
ad
.Pup
ww Place the cursor ww
on the handle ofww
the second ww ww to
the top.
. O rg . Org . O rg . O rg
l a
2. Then aplace i the cursor on the al a
bottom i handle of the first a a
text
l i block, and click and a a
drag
l i the bottom handle alai.
s
daif necessary. da s da s da s das
a
down
P P a P a P a P a
w. w. w. w. w.
ww 5. How do you link ww
frames containing text? ww ww ww
 To link Frames
.Org
containing text, Org
l a i l ai . l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
s a a second frame with
1.aDraw s a the Frame tool of your s a
choice. s a s a
d da da da da
w .Pa2. Click the first frame w .Pato select it. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww
3. Click on the red triangle to load the text icon.
ww ww ww
g
.Orsecond .Org .Org .Org
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s a l a ithe frame.
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
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d PageMaker flows the a
d into the second frame.
text d a d a d a
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww 6. What is the usewofwMaster Page? ww ww ww
 Any text or object g that you place on the g master page will appear g on the entire documentgpages.
i . O r i . O r i . O r i.Or .
 Master
a s a l aPages commonly contain
a s a l a repeating logos, page
a s a la
numbers, headers, and
a
l a
footers.
s a a s alai
ad d
.Paselected on a document ad ad ad
w.P Master items cannotwbe w.Ppage. w.P w.P
ww ww ww 12
ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
dasala sala s a l a sala s ala
a ada ada ada ada
w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww 7. How do you insert ww page numbers in Master w pages? w ww ww
1. Click on g
.OrMaster Pages icon and.O rg on Text Tool. i.Org
click .Org
l a i la i l a l a i ala i.
2.
d sa the cursor changes
aNow datosaI - beam. d asa d asa das
a a a a a
w.P 3. Click on the left w .P page to add page wnumber.
Master .P w.P w.P
ww ww ww ww ww
4. Press Ctrl + Alt + P.
5. Thelapage
g
.Ornumber displays asla„LM‟.Orgon the left masterlpage. .Org .Org
i
sa on the right Master a i a i l a i lai.
a d6.aClick a d aspage a d
to add page number.asa a d asa ada
sa
w.P 7. Press Ctrl + Altww .P w.P w.P w.P
ww w + P. ww ww ww
8. The page g
. O r number displays as „RM‟ . O rgon the right master ipage,
. O rg but will appear correctly
.Org
ona l
thea i actual pages. a l a i a l a a l a i
sa lai.
P a das P a das P a da-sD P a das ada
w. w. Section
w. w. w .P
ww ww ww ww ww
Answer the following questions: (5 Marks)
i . O rg i . O rg i . O rg i.O rg i.
l a l a l a sala ala
a asa the tools in PageMaker
1. Explain
d asa toolbox.
ad a das
a
ad a a d a s
w.P w.P w.P w.P ww
.P
ww ww ww ww w
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.Org i.
sala sala sala sa l a
das
ala
.P ada .P ada .P ada .P ada .Pa
w ww www w ww w ww ww
w

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a la a l a a l a l ai lai.
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s
ada
s
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s
a dasa ada
sa
w . P w.P w.P w. P w.P
ww ww ww ww ww

a i .Org i.O rg i .Org lai.O

rg
lai.
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a l sala sa l a s a sa
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a ada
w w w w . w.P
ww ww ww ww w w
rg rg rg i.Or
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s a lai.O sal a i . O
sala
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ww w w ww ww w
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g
i.O rg i .Org i.
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ww w.P ww
.P
ww
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w ww w w ww
i.O rg i.O rg i .Org i.O rg .
s a l a s a l a sa la s a l a salai
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ww ww ww ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg .
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ww ww w w
13
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
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w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
2. Write the steps to place the text in a frame.
.O rg i.O rg .Org i.Or
g
i.
alaitext in a Frame,
To place
sala sa l a i a l a ala
das da da ada
s das
w .Pa1. Click on one of a wFrame
.Pa tool from the Toolbox.
w .Pa w.P w.P
a
w w w w w w w w w w
2. Draw a frame with one of PageMaker‟s Frame tools (Rectangle frame tool or Ellipse Frame Tool or
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
Polygon
a s l a
a frame Tool). Makeasure
s l a s a l a
a the object remains aselected. a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa3. Click on File. ThewFile
.Pamenu will appear. w.Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
4. Click on Place.
rg The Place dialog box
rg will appear.
i .O i .O i .Org i .Org .
a
l
5.dLocate
a
sa the document that a sa l a
contains the text you a
want s l a
ato place, select it. asa l a
a s alai
d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww 6. Click on Open. ww ww ww ww
7. Click in.O g
a rframe to place the text.O inrgit. The text will be placed. O rg in the frame. .O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da can you convert Ptext
3. aHow
P adain a text block to a.Pframe?ada P ada P ada
w . w . w . .
ww  After created ww
text in a text block, if you wwwant to convert it to awframe. ww ww
w
g
.Ordo this by using these r g rg .Org
 You
laican lai.O
steps. i.O i lai.
das
a sa sala sa l a s a
.Pa 1. Draw the framewof ada choice using one .of
.Pyour
daPageMaker‟s FramePtool.
Pathe . a
da
.Pa
da
w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
2. Select the text block you want to insert in the frame.
i rg
.Othe i rg
.Othe i rg
.Oelements i .Org .
a a la
3.sClick frame while
a s a l
pressinga Shift key. Now
a s a l a
both will be
a
l a
selected.
s a a s alai
d ad > Attach Content ad the Menu bar. d d
w .Pa 4. Choose Element w .>PFrame w .Pon w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
5. Now thegtext appears in the frame.
i .Or i .Org i .Org i .Org .
s
4. Write
a
l a
athe steps to draw a a s
star l a
a using polygon tool?asa l a
a s al a
a s alai
w Pad
.56 w . Pad w . Pad w . Pad w. Pad
ww Drawing a Star w w Polygon tool
using ww ww ww
 To drawrg
a Star rg rg rg
l a i . O l a i . O l a i . O l a i . O lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
. P ada1. Click on the Polygon
. P adatool from the toolbox.. P da cursor changes toPaacrosshair.
aThe .
da
.P ada
w wwanywhere on the screen. w w w
ww 2. Click and w drag ww As you drag, a Polygon ww appears. ww
3. Release
l a i .Orgthe mouse button lwhen
a i .Orgthe Polygon is of the
l a i Org size.
.desired l a i .Org lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
da da ada bar. Now Polygon da dialogue box Pada
w .Pa 4. Choose Element w .P>aPolygon Settings inwthe .Pmenu w .Pa
Settings
w.
ww appears. ww ww ww ww
r g r g .Org rg
sa lai.O5 in the Number of sides
5. Type lai.Otext box.
sa sa la i
s a l a i.O
salai
.
ada ada ada ada .Pa
d a
w.P w.Pinset textbox.
6. Type 50% in Star w.P w.P w
ww ww ww ww ww
7. Click OK. Now the required star appears on the screen.
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg .
sala sala sala sala s alai
.P ada .Pada ada ada ad a
w w w.P w .P w .P
ww ww w w
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ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
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i.O rg i.
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w.P w.P w w .P
ww
ww J. BASKARAN M.Sc., w
w
B.Ed. (C.S) ww wJ.wILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil.,w
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lai.O
Puducherry.
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i.O
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das da da ada das
w .Pa 3. INTRODUCTION w .Pa TO DATABASEw .Pa MANAGEMENT
w.P SYSTEM w.P
a
w w w w w w w w w w
Section – A
Choose the i Organswer
.best i .Org i .Org (1 .Org
Marks)
i .
a s a l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d
PaWhich todrequest information.from
Pad a Database? d d
w .1. language is used
w .Pa w w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww
a) Relational
ww
b) Structural
ww c) Query
ww
d) Compiler
g g g rg
ala i.Or i.Or
ala structure of the database
ala graphically? i.Or i.O lai.
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2. The ---------- diagram gives a logical
s s s sa
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w w.P
a) Entity-Relationship b) Entity wc).PArchitectural Representation
w.P
d) Database w.P
ww ww w w w w ww
3. An entity set that does not have enough attributes to form primary key is known as
. O rg . O rg . O rg .O rg
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s a a i
lStrong entity set s a a i a i
lb) Weak entity set sal c) Identity set s a
d) a i
l Owner set s a lai.
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w w w w w
ww 4. ---------- Command wwis used to delete a database.
ww ww ww
a) Deletergdatabase database_name
rg b) rDelete
g database_name rg
a i
ldrop. O la i . O i . O
la d) drop database_name lai.O lai.
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c) database sa
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww 5. Which type of below ww DBMS isMySQL? ww ww ww

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.OrgOriented Org
a) Object b) .Hierarchical .c) g
OrRelational .Org
d) Network .
a la i a l a i a l a i al ai alai
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6. MySQL is freely available a s
dand is open source. Pad a s da s d a s
w .Pa w .Pa w . w .Pa w .Pa
ww a) True ww b) False ww ww ww
g g database? .Org .Org
al i.Or
7. ----------arepresents i.Or
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.
das d a sal d a sa l
a s a l
a s
.Pa a) Table .Pa b) Row .Pa c) Column .Pad d) Object .Pa
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w w w w w
ww 8. Communicationwiswestablished with MySQL wwusing ww ww
g rg rg rg
a
a)alSQLi.Or al a
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w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
a) MySQL Client b) MySQL Server c) SQL d)Server Daemon Program
g Org Org Org
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10. Thesastructure representing the a l a i .
organizational view of a l a i .
entire database is known a l a i .
as -------- in MySQLsalai
.
a da s da s da s da
w Pad
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ww ww ww ww ww
a) Schema rg b) View rg c) rInstance
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i . O i . O i . O i .Org .
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
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15
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i .Org i .O rg i.Or
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& Answer Keys w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w
w Section-B ww ww

la Org
Answer the .following
i questions .Org
la i l a i .Org l a i .(2 g
OrMarks) lai.
s
1. Define a Data Model and list s a
the types of data model s a
used. s a s a
da da da da da
w .PaA data model that determines
w .Pa the logical w .Pa of a database and fundamentally
structure w .Pa determinesw .Pa
in
ww ww ww ww ww
which manner data can be stored, organized and manipulated.
i .OrgModel: i .Org i .Org i .Org .
alai
Types of l aData l a l a l a
a s a a s a a s a a s a a s
.Pa Hierarchical Database
d d d d d
w w .Pa Model w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Network model ww ww ww ww
 Relational rg model
i . O i .Org i .Org i .Org .
l a
 asObject-oriented
a databasea s a l
model a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d
PaList d d d d
w .2. few disadvantagesw .Paof file processing system. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
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6. Which of the following PHP statement/statements will store 41 in variable num?
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24
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i .Org i .O rg i.Or
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w.P P
w.Questions
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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Section-B
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and interactive Webpages w
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. O rg .O rg . O rg . O rg
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w Send w
Your Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
 alai. i. alai
. i. lai.
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PaDefine . P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w Client Serverw w w w
ww ww Architecture. ww ww ww

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 A server isrga computer or a device rthat
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sa l a
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ww w
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1. Write the features of server side scripting language.
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
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i .Org to run dynamic
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la i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i.Org lai.

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[email protected] w
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a la a l a a l a l ai lai.
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
 alai. i. alai
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d a s sala
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da d a s sala
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a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
 ala i. i. alai
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d a s sala
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da d a s sala
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
 ala i. i. alai
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da d a s dsala
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a s a l a
a s alai
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the

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Padasalai
and they are denoted as
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Answer s a the following s
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ww 1. Define Functionwin w PHP. ww ww ww
 A functionOisrga reusable block of segment
i . i .Org in a program that i Org
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i .Org or tasks. .
a s a l a
a s a l a
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w .Pa w .P w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
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34
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& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
 ala i. i. alai
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da das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
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rg rg rg rg
lai.O Function (UDF)
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PHP allows user to
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 SYNTAX: rg
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function
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w .Pa{ w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
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i .Org i.Org i .Org i .Org .
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ais parameterized Function.
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
a d d d d d
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w.with w.P
a
w .Pa
w w w w functions are the w
functions
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w w
arguments. ww
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s a l a i
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ww Functions. www
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ww 4. List out Systemwdefined ww ww
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la i .Oisrgalready created bylasystem
i .Org are called systemladefined
i .Org functions. l a i.Org lai.
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da ada date(), sin(), cos() da da da
w .Pa Example: round(), w .Psqrt(), w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
5. Write Syntax of the Function in PHP.
 SYNTAX: i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s
function
l a
a functionName() asa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
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i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
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a
l a
a Array in PHP. a s a l a
a s a l a
a s al a
a s alai
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ww ww which can wwhold more than one value wwof same data type (homogeneous)
ww
. rg variable.
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s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
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ada data. ada ada ada
w . P . P . P . P .P
ww 7. Write the Usagewof wwArray in PHP. ww
w
ww
w
ww
w

 A useful
l a i Org of using arraysla
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ini.PHP
l a i .Orgthe foreach statement.
with
l a i .Org lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .PaThis allows you to w .Pa loop though an array
quickly
w .Pawith very little code.w.Pa w .Pa
ww 8. List out the types wwof array in PHP. ww ww ww
i .Org Array i .Org i .Org i .Org .
 Associative
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a la
a s a l a
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w .Pa Indexed Arrays w.Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 Multi-Dimensional
rg Array rg rg rg
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w w w.P w.P w .P
ww ww w w
35
ww ww
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i.O rg i.
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w.P P
w.Questions
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& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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da d a s dsala
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a das a
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w.P w.P w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
9. Define associative array.
i.O rg rg
O named keys that you
i.O rg i.Or
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l a
a array Syntax in PHP. a sa l a
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(3 iMarks) i.
sala
da the features System da sala da sala da sala das
ala
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w w  Converting w w
a string of letters to uppercase w
w and lowercase w w w w

Padasalai
 Displaying rg and using the datei.and rgtime
i . O O i .Org i .Org .
l a
 asInitializing
a a l a
and closingaasdatabase connection asa l a
a s al a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa Declaring and using w .Paan array w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
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 Accessing i .Org data in forms lai.Org i .Org i .Org .
a sa l a
a s a a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d the purpose of P ad d d d
w .2.
PaWrite w . parameterized Function.
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Required information ww can be shared between ww function declaration wwand function calling part wwinside the
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s a la i
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w . w . w w . w .
ww ww ww ww ww
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l a i . Org l a i . Org l a i . Org l a i . Org lai.
System
s a Define Functions sa User
s a Define Function s a s a
da da da da da
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww A function is w w
already created by system ww to User create their ww own functions based wwon their
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i i .Org needs. i.Org i .Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
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ad are embedded in.P
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w w w w w
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w w w 36
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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a das a
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ww ww w w ww ww
4. Write Short notes on Array.
rg rg rg rg
 An sarray
a lai.O
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lwhich a
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P da
ain P a da P ada P a da P a das
. . . . .
w ww ww
single array variable.
w ww w ww ww
w w
 It‟s a collection
g of heterogeneous data.
g
i .Or i .Or i .Org i .Org .
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a s a
3 l a
types of array are sa l a
Associative
a Array ,Indexed a s a l
Arrays,
a and s
Multi-Dimensional
a
l a
a Array. a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww 5. Differentiate Associateww ww
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Associative
i rg
.Oarray i.Org .Org
Multidimensional
i
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i .Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
ad
.PAssociative arrays are Pad that use named w
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.Pa A multidimensional ad is an array containing
.Parray .Pa
d
w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
that you assign to them. one or more arrays.
i . O rg i . O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.
a l a a l a sala sala ala
das das a
adEach da d a s
w .PIta create values in likew.indexed
Pa arrays. w . P array can w .
beP aeither indexed array
w .Paor
ww ww ww ww ww
associative array.
la i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i.Org lai.
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w .Pa w .Pa .Pa - D
Section
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ww ww ww ww ww

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Answer the following questions: (5 Marks)
. O r g . O r g . O r g . rg
O .
l a i
a Function conceptsain l a
aPHP.i a l a i al a i alai
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1. Explain
a d s d a s d a s d a s
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  A function is a reusable ww block of segmentwin w a program that performs ww a specific operation or wwtasks.
 A Function rg be executed by a call
.Owill g the Function and the
.Orto rg
.OFunction .Orgtype values
returns any data
salai s alai sa lai s alai sa lai.
a
d NULL value to called a
dFunction. ada a ada
w .Pa
or
w .Pa w .P w . Pad w.P
ww ww ww
 The Function can be User defined Function, Built-in Function, and Parameterized Function ww w w
g g g g
a l i.Or Function:
a) User Defined
a al a i.Or a l a i.Or a l ai.Or a lai.
s
da Defined Function s
da in PHP allowsPuser s s s
.P aUser . P a(UDF) . adato write own specific
. P
a
adoperation inside of .P ada
existing
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
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g
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 SYNTAX: l a l a sala l a ala
a d asa ada
s a
ada ada
sa das
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w ww ww
function functionName()
w www www ww
w
{
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
s
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a
l a
a Logic code to be executed;
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w.ifP($x) w .Pa w .Pa w.P w .P
w w ww ww w w ww
print “hi” ; rg rg rg rg
i.O i.O i.O i.O i.
else asala sala sala sala s ala
ad ada a da ad a a d a
w.P print “how are w
u”; w . P w.P w.P ww
.P
ww w ww ww w
?>
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.Org i.
sala
da are u sala sala sa l a
das
ala
.P
a)ahow
.P ab)dahi .P adac) error .P
d) a output
adno .Pa
w ww ww
2. What will be thewoutput of the following w
PHP code? ww w ww ww
w

Padasalai
<?php i.O rg i.Org i.O rg .Or g
a la a l a a l a l ai lai.
$xa=da
0;
s
ada
s
ada
s
a dasa ada
sa
w . P w.P w.P w. P w.P
ww if ($x++) ww ww ww ww
rg rg .Org rg
sa lai.O
print "hi";
sala
i.O
sa l a i
s alai.O sa lai.
P ada .Pada .P ada Pad
a ada
w .else w w w . w.P
ww ww ww ww w w
print "how are u";
rg rg rg i.Or
g
?> s a lai.O sal a i . O
sala
i.O
s a l a s a lai.
. P ahida . P ab)dano output . P adac) error . P
a
adhow .P a da
w a) ww ww w d) are u ww
ww w w ww w
3. What will be g
the output of the following
g PHP code?
r i.Or rg .Org
s a lai.O s a l a sala
i.O
sa l a i ala i.
das
<?php
a
Pad ada ada ada .Pa
w.$x=0; w.P ww
.P
ww
.P w
ww if ($x==0) ww w w ww
rg ";
print " hi
i.O i.O rg i .Org i.Org .
else s a l a s a l a sa la s a l a salai
P ada print " how are u.P";ada ada ada .Pa
d a
w . w w.P w.P w
ww print "hello"; ww ww ww ww
?> rg rg rg rg
i .O lai.O c) ahilai.O .O .
a) how are
a l
s au hello b) hi ahello
s s alai
d) no output
s s alai
.P ada .P ada ada ada ad a
w w w.P w .P w .P
ww ww w w
43
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
da sala das
a l a s a l a sala s ala
a a ada ada a da
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w.Questions
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& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
4. Statement which is used to make choice between two options and only option is to be performed is
.O rg i.O rg .Org i.Or
g
i.
alai
written as
sala sa l a i a l a ala
das da adaelse statement .P ada
s das
.Pa b.wif.P a statement .Pthen w.P
a
w ww a. if statement w w else
w w wc.
w w w d. else one statement
w w
5. What will be the output of the following PHP code ?
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
<?php
a s a l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
w Pa=d“”;
.$a w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
ww ww ww ww ww
if ($a)
a i .Org lai.O
rg
a i .Org i.O rg
lai.
a l
dasprint “all”; da sa
das
a l sala sa
a .Pa .Pa ada ada
w w.ifP w w w.P w .P
w ww ww w w ww
else
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.
sala
da print “some”; Pada sala sala sala s ala
a ada ada a d a
w.P w . w . P w .P
ww
.P
ww ?> ww ww ww w
a) all a i .Org b) someai.Org c) error
a i .Org d) no output
a i.Org i.
l
asawill be the output of
l
asafollowing PHP code asa
l
asa
l ala
a d a d a d a d das
w.P
6. What
w.P
the
w.P
?
w.P w .Pa
ww <?php ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
rg .Org .Org .Org
$a = “”;alai.O l a i l a i l ai lai.
a d as a d asa a d asa a dasa ada
sa
w.ifP($a) w.P w.P w.P w.P
ww ww ww ww ww
print “all”;
l a i .Org l a i.Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
if a a a a sa
P a das P a das P a das P a das ada
w. w. w. w. w.P
ww else ww ww ww w w
print “some”;
rg rg rg g
ai.O a i . O i.O i.Or lai.
?> dasal sal sala s a l a s a
a ada a da a da a da
w.P . P
ww b) some w.P w.P ww
.P
ww a) all w ww c) error ww d) no output w
berg Org PHP code ? rg
7. What will O the output of the following
i. i. i.O i .Org i.
da sala sala sala sa l a
das
ala
<?php
.Pa ada ada ada .Pa
w
w $x = 10; w.P ww
.P
ww
.P w
w ww w w ww
$y = 20;
rg .Org .Org .Org
if ($x >sa$yla+i.O $y != 3) s a l a i
s a la i
s a l a i
s alai
.
d a d a d a d a d a
w .Pa print "hi" ; w.Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww else ww ww ww ww
print O
i rg are u";
."how i .Org i .Org i .Org .
?> asa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
Pahowd d d adno output d
w .a) are u w .Pab) hi w .Pa c) error w .Pd) w .Pa
ww w w w w w w w w
44
i.O rg i.O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
da sala sala s a l a sala s ala
a ada ada ada a da
w.P P
w.Questions
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& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
8. What will be the output of the following PHP code ?
rg rg .Org i.Or
g
<?php alai.O i.O i i.
das sala sa l a s a l a
das
ala
P a .P ada .P ada .P ada a
.
ww $x = 10; ww ww w w.P
w w w ww ww
$y = 20;
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
if ($xa>sa l a
$y && 1||1) a sa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
w Pad “hi” ;
.print w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
ww ww ww ww ww
else
i .Org i.Org i .Org i .Org .
print a s
“how
l a
a are u”; ?> a s a l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww a) how are u ww b) hi ww c) error ww d) no output ww
9. What will.O berg
the output of the following. O rg PHP code ? . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. ada
<?php
P . Pada . P ada .P ada . P ada
w w w w w
ww if (-100) ww ww ww ww
print “hi”a;i.Org i.O rg i.O rg i.Org i.
a sal sala sala sa l a
das
ala
ad
else
.P .Pada .P ada .P ada .Pa
w ww w ww www w ww ww
w
print “how are u”;

Padasalaii.O rg i.Org i.Org .Or g

?> a la a l a a l a l ai lai.
da
ahow
s
ada
s
ada
s
a dasa ada
sa
w . P
a) are u w.P b) hi w.P P
c) error w. d) no output w.P
ww ww ww w w ww
i .Org i.Org Section-B lai.Or
g
i .Org .
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s a a s al a
a s alai
d the following questions
Answer d d d (2 Marks) d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww 1. Define Conditional ww Statements in PHPww ww ww
 Conditional . O rg . Org actions for different . O g
rdecisions . O rglanguages.
s a la i Statements performs
s a l i
different
a s a l a i in
s a l i
programming
a s a lai.
. P ada of Conditional Statements:
Types . P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
● if Statement
i.O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i .Org i.
da sala Statement
● if...else
da s a l a
da sala da sa l a
das
ala
w .Pa● if...elseif....else Statement
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w.P
a
w w w w w w w w w w
● switch Statement
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
s
2. Define
a
l a
a if statement in PHP. a s a l a
a s a la
a s a l a
a salai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  If statement executes ww a statement or a group ww of statements if a specific
ww condition is satisfied wwas per the
Org
user expectation.
i. i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg .
sala sala sala sala s alai
.P ada .P ada ada ada ad a
w w w.P w .P w .P
ww ww w w
45
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
da sala das
a l a s a l a sala s ala
a a ada ada ada
w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
SYNTAX:
.O rg i.O rg .Org i.Or
g
i.
alai
if (condition)
sala sa l a i a l a ala
a das ada ada ada
s
a das
.P .P .P .P w.P
w ww { www www ww
w
ww
Execute statement(s) if condition is true;
i.O rg .Org .Org i.Org
} s a l a sa l a i
sa l a i
s a l a sa lai.
ada ada ada ada ada
w.P w.P in PHP? w.P w.P w.P
ww 3. What is if else statement
ww ww ww ww
 If statement
.Org
executes a statement or arggroup of statements if arspecific
.O g .Org
condition is satisfied by the user
i i.O i i .
a sa l a
expectation. a sa l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  When the condition ww gets false (fail) the else
wwblock is executed. ww ww
SYNTAX:ai.Org i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.
das
al sala sala sala s ala
if a
(condition) ada a da ad a a d a
w.P w . P w.P w.P ww
.P
ww { ww ww ww w
.Org
if condition is true;rg
.Org .Org
Execute statement(s)
la i l a i .O l a i l a i lai.
} a s a s a s a s a s a
Pad da da da da
w .else w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww { ww ww ww ww

ww

w
w
} ad
P
.4.
a s a

Padasalai
l a i .Org if condition islafalse;
Execute statement(s)

Types of Conditional
sa lai.O
● ifdStatement
.Pa
a
ww ● if...else Statementww
w . Pad
a s a
ww Statements in PHP.
List out Conditional
rg

w
g
Statements:

.P ada
i .Org

ww

sala
w

rg
.

i.O
Pad
a

rg
s a l

ww
a

w
i .Org

.Pada
ww
w .

sa

rg
Pad

l a
a

i
s al

.Org
a i .Org

ww
w
ww

.
w .

Pad
Pad

a s
a

rg
s a

lai.O
lai.

rg

w w w.P
ada
sa lai.

a l ai.Or Statement
● if...elseif....else
a l a i . O
a l a i . O
a l a i . O
a lai.
s
da Statement s s s s
. ●Paswitch
. P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w ww ww w w
ww 5. Write Syntax ofwthe If else statement inwPHP. ww ww
SYNTAX: i.Org .Org .Org .Org
s a l a s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da
if (condition) da da da da
w .{Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww Execute statement(s) wwif condition is true; ww ww ww
}
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
else asa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .{Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww Execute statement(s) wwif condition is false; ww ww ww
.Org .Org .Org .Org
}
i i i i .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a la
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 46
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
dasala das
a l a s a l a sala s ala
a a ada ada ada
w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
6. Define if...elseif....else Statement in PHP.
. O rg . O rg . Org . O rg
s a la i
 If-elseif-else la i
statement is a combination
s a of if-else statement.
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
ada
.PMore . P ada . P ada . P ada . P ada
w than one statement w can execute the condition w based on user needs. w w
ww ww ww ww ww
7. Usage of Switch rg Statement in PHP.
i . O i .Org i .Org i .Org .
 aThea s a l
switch
a
statement is useda s
to
l a
a perform different actions a s l a
a based on different conditions.
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .P w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Switch statements wwwork the same as if statements
ww but they can check wwfor multiple values atwa wtime.
rg rg .Org rg
alai.O of Switch statement.
8. Write Syntax ai.O al a l a i
sala
i.O
sa lai.
Pa das das das ada ada
w .SYNTAX: w .Pa w .Pa w.P w .P
ww switch (n) { ww ww w w ww
.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.
alai
case label1:
sala sala sala ala
P das ada
a to be executed if n=label1;
P ada ada a d a s
w .code w . w.P w.P ww
.P
ww ww ww ww w
break;
a i . Org a i . Org a i . Org a i. Org i.
case label2:
asa
l
asa
l
asa
l
asa
l ala
a d a d a d a d das
P to be executed if w
w.code .P
n=label2; w.P w.P w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
break;
l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l ai .Org lai.
a d asa
case label3:
a d asa a d asa a dasa ada
sa
w.P ww
.P w.P w.P w.P
ww code to be executedwif n=label3; ww ww ww
.Org .Org .Org .Org
break;
a l a i a l a i a l a i al a i
sa lai.
... adas a das a das a das ada
w. P w. P w. P w. P w.P
ww default: ww ww ww w w
code to be executed
. O rg if n is different from. Orgall labels; . O rg . O rg
l a i l a i l a i l a i lai.
} a d asa a d asa a d asa a d asa a da s a
w.P w.P w.P w.P ww
.P
ww ww ww ww w
rg rg rg .Org
lai.O
9. Compare
a lai.O
if and if else statement.
a sala
i.O
sa l a i ala i.
a das a das ada a
adelse das
.P P
w.If .P .PIf .Pa
w ww ww www ww w
ww
w
 If statement executes
g a statement or a group of  If statement executes a statement or a group of
a i . O r
a i .Org a i .Org a i .Org i.
sa l
statements l
sa is satisfied as
if a specific condition a l
sstatements sa l
if a specific condition is satisfied by sala
. P ada . P ada . P ada . P ada . P ada
w per the user expectation. w w the user expectation.w w
ww ww ww ww ww
 When Othe
.Org .Org . rg .Org
condition gets false (fail) the else
i i i i .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s l
block
a
a is executed. a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 47
ww ww
. O rg .O rg . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada . P ada & Answer Keys.P da
aour . P ada . P ada
w Send w
Your Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg i .Org i.Or
g
i.
sala sala sa l a s a l a
das
ala
.P ada .P ada .P ada .P ada a
ww ww ww w w.P
w w w ww ww
SYNTAX: SYNTAX:
l a
if (condition) i .Org lai.O
rg
l a i.O
if (condition)
rg
l a i.Org
lai.
a d asa ada
sa
ada
s a
ada
s a
ada
sa
w .{P w.P w.P { w.P w.P
ww ww ww ww ww
Execute statement(s)
g if condition is true; g Execute statement(s)
g if condition is true;
g
r r .Or r
sa lai.O sa lai.O } a l a i
sala
i.O
sa lai.
das
}
.P ada .P ada .Pa else ada ada
w w w w.P w .P
ww ww ww w w ww
i.O rg i.O rg {
i.O rg i.O rg i.
da sala sala sala sala s ala
a ada a a
dExecute da
statement(s) ifacondition is false;
.Pa
d a
w.P w . P w.P w .P w
ww ww ww } ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg Section-C i.O rg i.Org i.
sala sala sala sa l a
das
ala
.P ada the following questions
Answer Pad
a
.P ada ada (3 Marks) .P a
ww ww
.
ww ww w w.P
w w w w w

Padasalai
1. Write the features of Conditional Statements in PHP.
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a sa la
 Conditional l
statements are useful
a s a
a for writing decision a s a l a
making logics. a s al a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Conditional statements
ww are used to perform wwdifferent actions for different
ww decisions in different ww
rg
business logic. rg .Org rg
sa lai.O sala
i.O
sa l a i
s alai.O sa lai.
 TYPES:
da ada ada a ada
w .Pa w.P w.P w. Pad w.P
ww w w
 if Statement w w w w w w
 . O rg Statement ai.Org . O rg . O rg
s a la i if...else
s al s a l a i
s a l ai
s a lai.
. P ada  if...elseif....else
. P adaStatement . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww ww
 switch Statement ww ww ww
rg rg rg .Org
lai.O
2. Writeathe lai.O
purpose of if elseifaelse statement.
sala
i.O
sa l a i ala i.
a das das
aa combination of if-else da da das
w .PIf-elseif-else statement
w .Pis w .Pastatement. w .Pa w.P
a
w w w w w w w w w w
 More than onergstatement can execute the rg condition based oni.O user
rg needs.
i . O i . O i .Org .
 elsea s
if
l a
aStatement: The „if ‟ statement
a s a l a
can also follow a s
an
la
a„else‟ statement, if you
a s l
want
a
a to check for a salai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww another conditionwinwthe else part. ww ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg .
sala sala sala sala s alai
.P ada .P ada ada ada ad a
w w w.P w.P w .P
ww ww w w
48
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
da sala das
a l a s a l a sala s ala
a a ada ada a da
w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
3. Differentiate Switch and if else statement.
i.O rg rg rg rg
Switch alai.O lai.O If else alai.O lai.
da sala s s a s s a
.PaSwitch statement uses ada expression for .PadIf-else
.Psingle
a ada statement for .Pada
.Pmultiple
w w w w w w statement
w w
uses ww
w w w w w
multiple choices.
g multiple choices.
l a i.O r
l a i .Org l a i
g.Or l a i.O rg
lai.
s a sa sa s a sa
ada ada ada ada ada
w.P It test only for equality.
w.P w.P It test for equalityw.P w.P
ww ww ww ww as well as for logicalww
i . O rg i. O rg expression.rg
i .O i .Org .
It a sa l a
evaluates only character a
ors l a
ainteger value. a sa l a
Evaluates any type a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww If switch statements ww does not match any w w
cases, If the condition ww fails, then by default the ww
else
the default rg
i.Ostatements is executed.i.Org rgexecuted.
i.Ois
statement i.O rg i.
sala
da Short notes on P sala sala sala s ala
. 4.
P aWrite . ada statement.
Switch . P ada .P ada .Pa
d a
w w w w w
ww  The switch statement ww is used to perform different
ww ww
actions based on different conditions.
ww

 Switch la i .Org uses single expression

statement l a i .Org for multiple choices.
l a i .Org l a i.Org lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .PaIt test only for equality.
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
 It evaluates only
.Org .Org .Org .Org
character or integer value.
sa l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s al a i
s a lai.
 Ifdswitch statements doesanot
a a
d match any cases, the a a
ddefault statements is executed.
d d a
w .Pa w .P w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww 5. Differentiate if w w
statement wwstatement.
and if elseif else ww ww
i .Org if statement ai.Org i .Org if elseif else statement
i .Org .
a l a al a l a a l a alai
das ad a s d a s da s
Pad
a s
w .PaIf statement executeswa.Pstatement or a group w
of .Pa  If-elseif-else statement
w .Pa is a combination of w .if-
ww ww ww ww ww
statements ifrg a specific condition is satisfied
r g as else statement.
rg rg
a i. O
luser expectation. l a i . O a i . O
l than one statementscan a i . O
l execute the lai.
per s a
the s a  s a a s a
ada ada ada ada ada
More
w . P w . P w . P w . P w .P
ww ww ww condition based ww on user needs. ww
 Syntax: i.Org .Org  Syntax: .Org .Org
s a l a s a l ai
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da
if (condition) da da
if (1stcondition) da da
w .P{a w .Pa w .Pa { w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
Execute statement(s) if condition is true; Execute statement(s) if condition is true;
i.O rg i.Org i .Org i.Org .
s a l a s a l a sa la s a l a salai
}ada
P ada ad}a ada .Pa
d a
w . w.P w.P elseif(2ndcondition) w.P w
ww ww ww ww ww
rg rg { rg
i . O i . O i .O i.Orgis true; .
a s a l a
a s a l a a
Execute
a s l a statement(s) if a l a
2ndcondition
a s a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa } w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 49
ww ww
. O rg . O rg . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada . P ada & Answer Keys.P da
aour . P ada . P ada
w Send w
Your Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w ww
ww ww else w w ww w

la i .Org la i .Org {
l a i .Org l ai .Org lai.
s a s a s a
Execute statement(s) if s
both a
conditions are false; s a
da da da da da
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa } w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
Section - D
Org
lai.following questions: i. Org i .Org i .O(5rgMarks) lai.
Answer
sathe sala sa l a sa l a sa
ada ada ada ada ada
w.P w.P w.P w.P w.P
ww 1. Explain Function wwof Conditional Statements
ww in PHP. ww ww
PHP Conditional
i .Org Statements: lai.Org i .Org i .Org .
sa l a
 aConditional
a a sa for writing decision
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d statements d
are useful d making logics. d d
w .P w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Conditional statements ww are used to perform wwdifferent actions for different
ww decisions in different ww business
logic. ai.Org i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.
asa
l sala sala sala s ala
d
.P TYPES:
a Pada ada ad a a d a
ww w . w.P w.P ww
.P
w ● if Statement
ww ww ww w
rg rg rg .Org
lai.O Statement
●aif...else
sala
i.O
sala
i.O
sa l a i ala i.
a das Pa da ada ada das
.P w.Statement
● if...elseif....else .P .P .Pa
w ww ww www www ww
w

Padasalai
● switch Statement
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s l a
 If statement
a in PHP: a s a l a
a s a l a
a s al a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa If statement executesw .Pa a statement or a groupw .Paof statements if a specific
w .Pa condition is satisfied
w .Pasa per
ww ww ww ww ww
the user rexpectation.
i .O g i.Org i .Org i .Org .
s
 Syntax:
a a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w.Pa
ww if (condition) ww ww ww ww
{ rg rg rg rg
la i. O l a i . O l a i . O l ai . O lai.
sExecute
a statement(s) if condition
s a is true; s a s a s a
. P ada } . P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww  If else statementww in PHP: ww ww ww
g g g g
a l i.Or executes a statement
 If statement
a a l ai.Or or a group of statements
a l a i.Or if a specific condition
a l a i.Oisr satisfied by the alai.
das das das das das
w .Pa user expectation. .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w
ww ww ww ww ww
 When the condition gets false (fail) the else block is executed.
.O rg i.O rg .Org i.Org .
alai
 Syntax:
s s a l a sa la i
s a l a salai
ada ada ada ada .Pa
d a
w.P if (condition) ww.P ww
.P
ww
.P w
ww {
w w w ww
Execute g
.Orstatement(s) if condition g true;
.Oris .Org .Org .
l a i l a i la i l a i alai
sa sa sa sa s
.P ada } ada
.P ada ada ad a
w w w.P w .P w .P
ww ww w w
50
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
dasala das
a l a s a l a sala s ala
a a ada ada ada
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w.Questions
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& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
else .Org .Org .Org .Org
s
{ a la i
s a la i
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a lai.
da da da da da
w .Pa Execute statement(s) w .Paif condition is false;w.Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
}
g g rg rg
i.Orstatement in PHP:lai.Or
 If elseiflaelse
a lai.O lai.O lai.
a d

asIf-elseif-else a
statement d aissaa combination of if-else a d
a
asstatement. a d asa a d asa
w.P ww
.P
ww
.P
ww
.P
ww
.P
ww w w
 More than one statement can execute the condition based on user needs.
w w
i .Org i.Org i .Org i .Org .
 Syntax:
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa if (1stcondition)w.Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww { ww ww ww ww
Execute . O g
rstatement(s) if condition . O g true;
ris . O rg .O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada } . Pada . P ada .P ada . P ada
w w w w w
ww ww
elseif(2ndcondition) ww ww ww
{
g
.Orstatement(s) .Org is true; .Org .Org
s a a i
Execute
l if
sa l a i
2ndcondition
sa l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da da da da da
w .Pa } w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww else ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
.Org .Org .Org .Org
{
i i i i .
a a l a
Execute
s s l a
a conditionsarefalse; asa
statement(s) ifaboth l a
a s al a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa } w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Switch Case: ww ww ww ww
rg
i.O statement is used rg
i.Operform different actions
.O rg rg
 The
salaswitch alato s s lai.O
alai based on differentaconditions. sa lai.
ada ada ada as ada
w P Syntax:
. w .P w .P w . Pad w.P
ww ww ww ww w w
switch (n) {
. O rg . Org . O rg . O rg
s
case
a l a ilabel1:
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada code to be executed . P
a
aifdn=label1; . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww break; ww ww ww ww
case label2:
l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
s a
code to be executed if a
n=label2;
s s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .Pa break; w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww case label3:w
w ww ww ww
codei.to rg executed if n=label3;
Obe i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l
break;
a
a s a l a
a s a la
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa ... w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
default:
i rg
.toObe i .Org from all labels; lai.Org i.Org .
a
code
s a l a executed if n is different
a s a l a
a s a a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
.Pa }
w .Pa
w w .Pa .Pa
w .Paw
ww ww ww 51
ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
da sala sala s a l a sala s ala
a ada ada ada ada
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& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
2. Discuss in.O
i rg about Switch statement
detail .Org with an example.
i .Org i i.Or
g
i.
sala
da Case: sala sala s a l a
das
ala
.P
 aSwitch
.P ada .P ada ada a
ww ww ww w w.P w w.P
w  The switch w w different actions based
statement is used to perform w on different conditions.w
 Switch i rg
.Ostatement .Org
uses singleaexpression
i .Org
for multiple achoices.
i i .Org .
a s a l a
a sa l
a s a l
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa It test only for equality.
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww
 It evaluates only character or integer value. ww ww
i.O rg rg rg rg
 Use
alabreak
s
to prevent the ai.O from running intoathe
alcode s
O case automatically.
lai.next s alai
.O
s sa lai.
ada
.P  The default w .P ada ada ada ada
w statement is used if no match w.P is found. w.P w.P
ww w w w w w w w w
 Syntax:
. O rg . O rg . O rg .O rg
s a a
switch
i
l (n) { s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada case label1: . Pada . P ada .P ada . P ada
w w w w w
ww ww
code to be executed if n=label1; ww ww ww
break;
la i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i.Org lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
da case label2: da da da da
w .Pa code to be executed w .Paif n=label2; w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
break;
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a
case
s a l a label3:
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s al a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa code to be executed w .Paif n=label3; w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww break; ww ww ww ww
.Org .Org .Org .Org
...
i i i i .
a a l a
default:
s a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d ad } d d
w .Pa code to be executed w .Paif n is different fromwall
.Plabels; w .Pa w.Pa
ww  Example: ww ww ww ww
rg rg rg rg
s lai.O
<?php
a s a lai.O s a lai.O s a lai.O s a lai.
. P ada $favcolor = “red”;.Pada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww ww {
switch ($favcolor) ww ww ww
case “red”:
l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
secho
a “Your favorite color
s ais red!”; s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .Pa break; w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww case “blue”:w
w ww ww ww
echoi.“YourOrg favorite color islablue!”;
i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l
break;
a
a s a a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa case “green”: w.Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
echo “Your favorite color is green!”;
i .Org i .Org i .Org i.Org .
a
break;
s a l a
a s a l a
a s a la
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
.Pa default:
w .Pa
w .Pa
w .Pa w .Pa w
ww ww ww 52
ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
dasala sala s a l a sala s ala
a ada ada ada ada
w.P P
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& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww

la Org favorite color islaneither

echo .“Your
i i .Org red, blue, nor green!”;
l a i .Org l ai .Org lai.
s
} a s a s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .Pa ?> w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 Output:
i rg
.OYour i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a favorite color
a sa l
is ared
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d
PaExplain d d d d
w .3. the process w .Pa
Conditional Statements
w PaPHP?
.in w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
PHP Conditional g Statements:
i . O r i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s l
 Conditional
a a
a s
statements are useful l a
a for writing decision a sa l a
making logics. a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Conditional statements ww are used to perform wwdifferent actions for different
ww decisions in different ww business
logic.
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.
 TYPES:
da sala sala sala sala s ala
a ada ada ada a d a
w.P w . P w.P w.P ww
.P
ww ww
● if Statement ww ww w
g rg rg .Org
i.Or Statement
● if...else i.O i.O i i.
sala sala sala sa l a
das
ala
.Pada ● if...elseif....else .Statement
Pad
a
.Pa
da
.Pa
da a
ww w w w w w w w w.P
w w
● switch Statement w w w

ww

ww
w

w .P
d a sa

Padasalai
sala
 Syntax:
ada
l

i
i
 If statement
a .Orgin PHP:
.Pa If statement executes
ww
w
d
the user expectation.
.Org
if (condition) ww.P
{
Execute O g
w
rstatement(s)
a s a

ada
l a i .Org
.Pa a statement or a group

sala

if condition
ww
i.O

O
w
rg

w w
g true;
ris
d a

w.P
s a l a i .Org
.Paof statements if a specific

ada
ww

sa
w

O
l a

rg
i

w
d a s

.Org

w w.
al ai .Org
.Pa condition is satisfied

Pad
ww

a s
w

alai.O

O rg
d

w
a
.Pasa per

w
s alai

w.P
rg
.

ada
sa lai.

la i. l a i . l a i . l ai . lai.
a s
} a s a s a s a s a
.P aIfdelse statement in . P
PHP: ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
 If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is satisfied by the
a i . Org ai.Or
g
i.O rg i .Org i.
da
l
a expectation.
suser da s a l sala sa l a
das
ala
.Pa When the condition
.Pagets false (fail) the else ada
.Pblock .Pa
da
.Pa
w w w is executed. w w
ww ww ww ww ww
 Syntax:
i .Org i.Org i .Org i.Org .
l a
sifa(condition) s a l a sa la s a l a salai
ada ada ada ada .Pa
d a
w.P { ww
.P
ww
.P
ww
.P w
ww w
Execute statement(s) if condition is true;w w ww
}
i .Org i .Org i .Org i.Org .
a l
else a a l a a la a l a alai
P a das{ P a das P adas P a das ad a s
. . . . .P
w ww ww w ww w ww w ww
w
53
i.O rg i.O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
da sala sala s a l a sala s ala
a ada ada ada ada
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
Executerstatement(s)
g if conditionris g false;
}ala i . O la i . O l a i .Org l ai .Org lai.
a s a s a s a s a s a
PaIfdelseif else statement adPHP: da da da
w . w .Pin w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww w
 If-elseif-elsewstatement is a combination ww of if-else statement. ww ww
g
r one statement can iexecute
r the condition based g
r g rg
lai.O
 More
sa
than la .O sa lai.O on user needs. sa s a l a i.O
sa lai.
ada ada ada ada ada
w.
P Syntax: w.P w.P w.P w.P
ww if (1stcondition) w w w w w w w w
{ g
.Orstatement(s) .Oris g .Org .Org .
a l a
Executei if a l a i
condition true; a l a i a l a i alai
d a s d a s d a s d a s d a s
w .Pa } w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww
elseif(2ndcondition) ww ww ww
{ rg rg rg rg
l a
Execute i . O statement(s) if l a i .
2ndcondition O is true; l a i . O l a i . O lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
. P ada } . Pada . P ada .P ada . P ada
w w w w w
ww else ww ww ww ww
{
g
.Orstatement(s) .Org .Org .Org
s a i
Execute
la sa i
if bothlaconditionsarefalse;
sa l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da }
PaSwitch P ada P ada P ada P ada
w . w . w . w . w .
ww Case: ww ww ww ww
 The switch statement is used to perform different actions based on different conditions.

Padasalai Org
i. i.Org i.Org i .Or g .
sala
 Syntax:
a a s a l a
a s a l a
asa
l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa switch (n) { w.Pa w .Pa w . P a
w .Pa
ww case label1:w
w ww ww ww
code .to
i rg executed if n=label1;
Obe i.Org i .Org i .Org .
a sa l a
break; a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa case label2: w.Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww
code to be executed if n=label2; ww ww ww
break; rg rg rg rg
a i . O
l label3: l a i . O l a i . O l ai . O lai.
case
s a s a s a s a s a
. P ada code to be executed . P
a
aifdn=label3; . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww break; ww ww ww ww
...
a
default:
l i .Org l ai .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
da da ada da da
w .Pa code to be executedw .Paif n is different fromwall
.Plabels; w .Pa w .Pa
ww } ww ww ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg i .Org i.Org .
s a l a s a l a sa la s a l a salai
ada ada ada ada .Pa
d a
w.P w.P w.P w.P w
ww ww ww ww ww
J. BASKARAN M.Sc., B.Ed. (C.S) J. ILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed. (C.S)
.Or g rg .Org .Or g
a l i
[email protected]
a sa lai.O sa la i
sa l a i
[email protected]
alai
.
ad asPuducherry. ada ada ad a
Puducherry.
ad a s
.P .P w.P .P .P
w ww www w w www ww
w
54
i.O rg i.O rg i.Or
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i.O rg i.
da sala sala s a l a sala s ala
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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ww ww w w ww ww
i.O rg .O rg .Org i.Or
g
i.
alaconcepts
4. Explain alaistatement.
of if elseif else
sa l a i a l a ala
das
PaIf elseif else statement Pad
as da ada
s das
w . w . in PHP: w .Pa w.P w.P
a
w w w w w w w w w w
 If-elseif-else statement is a combination of if-else statement.
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
l
 asMore a
a than one statement a s l a
a execute the condition
can a s l a
abased on user needs. asa l a
a s alai
d ad d d d
w .Pa else if Statement: w .PThe „if ‟ statement w
can .Pa follow an „else‟ statement,
also w .Pa if you want to check
w .Pafor
ww ww ww ww ww
another rcondition
g in the else part.rg
ai.O lai.O a i .Org i.O rg
lai.
sa
 Syntax:
da
l
da sa
das
a l sala sa
.Pa a a ada ada
w if (1stcondition) w.P w.P w.P w.P
ww w w w w w w w w
{
Execute . O g
rstatement(s) if condition . O g true;
ris . O rg .O rg
s}a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada elseif(2ndcondition) . Pada . P ada .P ada . P ada
w ww ww
w w ww www ww w
{
la i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i.Org lai.
s a
Execute statement(s) if a
2ndcondition
s is true; s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .Pa } w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww else ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
{ g
i .Orstatement(s) i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a sa l a
Execute if
a
both
s a l aconditions are false;
a s a l a
a s al a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa } w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww Example: ww ww ww ww
<?php
i .Org i.Org i .Org i .Org .
$d = a s a l a
date("D"); a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
w Pad == "Fri"){
.if($d w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
ww echo "Havew aw
nice weekend!"; ww ww ww
}elseif($d == "Sun"){
. O rg . Org . O rg . O rg
echo
s a a i
l "Have a nice Sunday!"; s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a lai.
. ada
}else{
P . P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww echo "Havew aw
nice day!"; ww ww ww
} ?> rg
i .Oand i .Org i .Org i .Org .
Explanation
as a l a output of the
sa l a
program: asl a a l as alai s
. P
Theadabove example will . P ada
output, . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
 "Have a nice weekend!" if the current day is Friday.
i . Org i . Org i . Org i . Org .
a
l
 s"Have
a a a nice Sunday!" ifsthe
a
l a
a current day is Sunday. a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa Otherwise it willwoutput .Pa "Have a nice day!". w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
i .Org i .Org i .Org i.Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 55
ww ww
. O rg .O rg . O rg . O rg
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s a l ai
s a l a i
s a lai.
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w Send w
Your Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
5. Explain if.O rg statement in PHP.i.Org
else .Org .Org
 Ifdelse
s a la i
statement in PHP: s a la s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
a da da da da
w .Pa If statement executes w .Pa a statement or a group w .Paof statements if a specific
w .Pa condition is satisfied w .Pbya the
ww ww ww ww ww
user expectation.
 When i .O rgcondition gets falsei.(fail)
the Org the else block is lexecuted.
i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a a
a s a l a
a s alai
 Syntax:
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww if (condition) ww ww ww ww
{
g
.Orstatement(s) .Oris g .Org .Org .
Execute
a l a i if condition
a l a i true;
a l a i a l a i alai
d a s
} d a s d a s d a s d a s
w .Pa else w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
{
Execute . O g
rstatement(s) if condition . O g false;
ris . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
ada ada ada ada ada
}
w .P Example: w . P w . P w .P w . P
ww ww ww ww ww
<?php
$num=12;
l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
s a
if($num%2==0){ s a s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .Paecho "$num is evenwnumber"; .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww } ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
i.O rg i.Org i.Org .Or g
a la a l a a l a l ai lai.
else
a{da
s
ada
s
ada
s
a dasa ada
sa
w . P w.P w.P w. P w.P
ww ww number"; } ?>
echo "$num is odd ww ww ww
Output: rg
l a i .O l a i.Org l a i .Org lai.O
rg
lai.
a a sa a sa
Pa das das
12 is even number
a ada Pad
a s
ada
w w. w w.P w .P w . w.P
w Working of thewProgram: ww ww w w

. O rg $num is assignedi.O
 The variable g
tor12. . O rg i.Or
g
sala i
sal a sal a i
s a l a s a lai.
ada The condition has been
adachecked with the variable
ada $num. a da a da
w.P ww
.P w.P w.P ww
.P
ww w be executed.
w is true, the true blockwwill
 If the condition ww w
 If itais
i .O rg else block will bei.executed.
false Org i.O rg i .Org i.
a l a l a sala sa l a ala
a das adas ada ada das
.P w.P .P .P .Pa
w ww ww www www ww
w

i.O rg i.O rg i .Org i.Org .

s a l a s a l a sa la s a l a salai
ada ada ada ada .Pa
d a
w.P w.P ww
.P w.P w
ww ww wPREPARED BY ww ww
g rg rg g
i.Or
J. BASKARAN M.Sc., B.Ed. (C.S)
i.O i.O i.Or
J. ILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed. (C.S)
alai
.
sala
[email protected]
a sala sala sala
[email protected] s
d
Pa Puducherry. .P ada ada d a
Pa Puducherry. ad a
w . w w.P w . w .P
ww ww w w
56
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
dasala das
a l a s a l a sala s ala
a a ada ada ada
w.P P
w.Questions
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& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
J. BASKARAN M.Sc., B.Ed. (C.S) J. ILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed. (C.S)
g g rg g
i.Or
[email protected]
a i.Or lai.O i.Or
[email protected] i.
a l
asPuducherry. sala asa s a l a
das
ala
ada a
Puducherry.
.P ad .P .P ad
.P ad a
ww ww ww ww w.P
w w w w ww
7. LOOPING STRUCTURE
i.O rg g g
.Or . Or i.Org
s a l a sa l a i alai
Section –sA s a l a sa lai.
P ada ada ada ada ada
w.Choose the best answer w.P w.P w.P (1 Mark) w.P
ww 1. Most complicated wwlooping structure is ww ww ww
a) While
i .Org b) Do While
i .Org c) For.Org
i d) None of.O
i rg
them .
2. Loops
a s l a
athat iterate for fixed a s l a
a of times is calledasa
number l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d ad d
w .Pa a) Unbounded loops w .Pab) Bounded loops w.Pa c) While loops w.Pd) For loops w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
3. Which loop evaluates condition expression as Boolean, if it is true,it executes statements and when it is
. O rg . O rg . O rg .O rg
false it will
s a l a iterminate?
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada a) For loop . Pab)daFor each loop . P adac) While loop .P
a of them
adAll
d)
. P ada
w w w w w
ww 4. Which loop evaluates ww condition expression wwas Boolean, if it is true,witwexecutes statements and wwwhen it is
false it will terminate?
l a i . Org l a i . Org l a i . Org l a i . Org lai.
a)aFor loop
s b) For
s a each loop c)saWhile loop d) Allsaof them s a
da will be displayedPinadaabrowser when the following
PaWhat da PHP code is executed: da da
w .5. w . w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww <?php ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
for ($counter.O g $counter < 10;$counter++){
=r20; .Org .Org .Org .
l a i l a i l a i l a i alai
echoda sa
"Welcome to Tamilnadu";d a s a
d a s a
d a s a
d a s
w .}Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
echo "Counter is:" . $counter;
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
alai
?> l a l a l a l a
a s a a s a a s a a s a a s
d d d d d
w .Pa a) Welcome to Tamilnadu w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww b) Counterw is:w20 ww ww ww
c) Welcome rg to Tamilnadu Counteris: rg 22 rg rg
a i . O a i . O a i . O a i . O lai.
d)alWelcome to Tamilnadu
s s a l
Welcome l
to TamilnadusaCounter is: 22 s a l s a
P da will be displayedPinadaabrowser when the following
aWhat P ada PHP code is executed: P ada P ada
w .6. w . w . w . w .
ww <?php ww ww ww ww
for ($counter
l a i .O=rg10; $counter < 10; l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
a s a s a s a s a s a
$counter
Pad “Hello”;
= $counter + 5){ da da da da
w .echo w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
}
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
?>
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a la
a s a l a
a salai
d d d d d
w .Pa a) Hello Hello Hello w .PaHello Hello w .Pa b) Hello Hello
w .PaHello w .Pa
ww c) Hello ww ww d) Nonewwof the above ww
7. PHP supportsrgfour types of looping techniques;
a i .O a i .Org a i .Orgloop a i rg
.Othe i.
da
a)
sa l
for loop b) while
sa
da
l loop c)
sa l
foreach sa l
d) all above sala
a a ada a da a da
w.P w.P w . P w.P w.P
ww ww ww 57
ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
da sala sala s a l a sala s ala
a ada ada ada ada
w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww 8. Consider the following ww code w w ww ww
<? php
l a i .Org la i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
s a
$count=12;
a s a s a s a s a
Pad da da da da
w .do{ w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
printf(“%d squared=%d<br/>”,
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
alai
$count, pow($count,2));
l a l a l a l a
a s a a sa a s a a s a a s
d
} while($count<4); d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ?> ww ww ww ww
What will be thegoutput of the code?
a) l
12a i Or
.squared 141 b) 12 l a i .Org
squared=141 c) “12
l a i Org
.squared=141” d)l a i .Org
Execution error salai.
a s a a s a a s a a s a
. P
9. d will be the outputPof
aWhat . adthe following PHP code .P ad? . P ad .P ada
w w w w w
ww <?php ww ww ww ww
for ($x = 1; .$x
O r<g 10;++$x) . O rg . O rg .O rg
{ dasal
a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P a . Pada . P ada .P ada . P ada
w print “*\t”; w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
}
rg rg rg rg
?> lai.O lai.O lai.O lai.O lai.
a d asa)a********** a d asa b) *********adasa c) *********** a dasad) Infinite loop adasa
w.P w.P w.P w.P w.P
ww 10. What will be the ww w w
output of the following PHP code ? w w w w

Padasalai.Org .Org .Org .Org

<?php
i i i i .
for ($x
a s l a
=a -1; $x < 10;--$x) asa l a
a s a l a
a s al a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .{Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww print $x;
ww ww ww ww
} i .Org i.Org i .Org i .Org .
?>adas
a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s al a
a s alai
w .P w . Pad w . Pad w . Pad w . Pad
ww ww
a) 123456713910412 ww
b) 123456713910 ww
c) 1234567139104 ww
d) Infinite loop
rg rg rg i.Or
g
s a lai.O sal a i . O
Section-B s a lai.O s a l a s a lai.
P ada P ada P ada ada Pa da
w . w. w . w.P w.
ww Answer the following
ww questions ww ww ww
(2 Marks)

Org
Structure in PHP. rg rg .Org
1. Define Looping
i. O i. i.O i i.
sala
 aLooping
da sala sala sa l a
das
ala
.P ada for writing iterationalogics.
Structures are useful
.P
da
.P .Pa
da a
ww ww w w w w w w.P
w  CATEGORIES w w w w
●fori rg
.OLoop i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d ● foreach Loop.Pad d d d
w .Pa w w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ● While Loop ww ww ww ww
g
.OrWhile .Org .Org .Org .
●aiDo Loop i i i
a s a l
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 58
ww ww
. O rg .O rg . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada . P ada & Answer Keys.P da
aour . P ada . P ada
w Send Yourw Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
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a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
2. Define for loop in PHP.
O rg rg
.O a specified numberlaofi.O rg i.Or
g
 For s lai.execute
loops
a laifor
a block of scode
a times. l a ala i.
a
d a d asa ad ada
s a
das
w .PaThe for loop is usedwwhen .Pa you know in advance w .Phow w.P should run.
many times thewscript w.P
a
w w w w w w w w w
Syntax:
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a s
for (init counter;atestl a
a counter; increment counter){
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d Pad Pad Pad Pad
w .Pa w . w . w . w .
ww codew towbe executed; ww ww ww
.Org .Org .Org .Org
}
i i i i .
a
3. aWhats l a
ais For each loop in PHP? a s a l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .P w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  The foreach construct ww provides an easy way wwto iterate over arrays.ww ww
 It is used rg rg rg rg
alai.toOloop through each key/value
ai.O pair in an array.ai.O
al al sala
i.O ala i.
das
PaIn For each, during loop das
aiteration the value of.P das
a current array element a
adassigned d a s
w . w . P w the
w .Pis
w .Pa
to $value variable
ww ww ww ww
and the array pointer is shifted by one, until it reaches the end of the array element.
ww
rg rg rg .Org
Syntax:alai.O i.O i.O i i.
das da sala da sala da sa l a
das
ala
w Paeach ($array as $value)
.for w .Pa{ w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
code to be executed;
la i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l ai .Org lai.
}
a d asa a d asa a d asa a dasa ada
sa
w.P w.P w.P w.P w.P
ww 4. List out Looping wwStructure in PHP.
ww ww ww
●for Loop
l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
a a a a sa
P a das ● foreach Loop Padas P a das P a das ada
w. w. w. w. w.P
ww ● While Loop ww ww ww w w
● Do . O g
rWhile Loop . Org . O rg . O rg
l a i l a i l a i l a i lai.
a d asa a d asa a d asa a d asa ada s a
w.P .P
ww loop in PHP. w.P w.P ww
.P
ww 5. Write Syntax ofwFor ww ww w
Syntax: ai.Org ai .Org a i .Org a i .Org i.
asa
l sa l
asa
l sa l ala
a d a d atest a d ada das
.P for (init counter;
.P counter; increment
.P counter){ .P .Pa
w ww ww
w
www www ww
w
code to be executed;
i .O}rg i.Org i .Org i.Org .
sa l a s a l a sa la s a l a salai
ada ada ada ada .Pa
d a
w.P ww
.P
ww
.P
ww
.P w
ww w
J. BASKARAN M.Sc., B.Ed. (C.S)
w w ww
J. ILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed. (C.S)
r
[email protected]
.O g .O r g .O r g .Org
[email protected]
.
a l a i
Puducherry. a l a i a l a i a l a i
Puducherry. alai
d a s d a s d a s d a s d a s
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 59
ww ww
. O rg .O rg . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a la i
s a lai.
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aour . P ada . P ada
w Send w
Your Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
6. Write Syntax of For each loop in PHP.
rg rg .Org i.Or
g
Syntax:alai.O i.O i i.
das da sala sa l a s a l a
das
ala
.P a .Pa as $value){ .P ada .P ada a
ww for each
ww($array ww w w.P
w w w ww ww
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a code to be executed;
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa } w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
7. Write Syntax rgof while loop in PHP.
i . O i.Org i .Org i .Org .
a
Syntax: s a l a
a s a l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww w
whilew(condition is true) { ww ww ww
. rg to be executed; i.Org
code
O . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada }
. Pada . P ada .P ada . P ada
w wwwhile loop in PHP.www w w
ww 8. Write Syntax ofwDo ww ww
Syntax: ai.Org i.O rg i.O rg i.Org i.
a sal sala sala sa l a
das
ala
.Pa
d do { .Pada .P ada .P ada .Pa
w ww w ww www www ww
w

Padasalai
code to be executed;
g
.O}rwhile .Org .Org .Org .
a la i (condition is
a l a i
true); a l a i al a i alai
d a s d a s d a s d a s d a s
w PaCompare
.9. For loop w .Pafor each loop.
and w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
For loop For each loop
.O rg . O r g .Org .Org
a i a i a i a i i.
 For
a s l
aloops execute a block a s l
a of code for a asThe l
a foreach constructaprovides
s a l an easy way toasala
d ad d d d
w .Pa specified number wof.Ptimes w .Pa iterate over arrays w .Pa w.Pa
ww ww until the ww
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w . P w. P w . P .P
ww advance how many ww times the script shouldww run. key/ value w wwin an array.
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w

l a i .Org l ai .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.

s a s a s a s a s a
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ww ww ww ww ww
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code l a
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d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww } ww ww } ww ww
i .Org i .Org i .Org i.Org .
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a s a l a
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 60
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10. Usage of for each loop in PHP
.O rg rg
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alai construct provides
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a
w w w w w w w w w w
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a s a l a
a s l a
a(3 Marks) a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww 1. Write the features wwLooping Structure. ww ww ww
 Looping Org
lai.Structures Org iteration logics.
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lai.O
rg i.O rg
lai.
sa sa sa sala sa
ada
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w w w.Pmultiple times. ww.P
ww w w w w w w w
 CATEGORIES
. O rg . O rg . O rg .O rg
s a a i
l●for Loop s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada ● foreach Loop.Pada . P ada .P ada . P ada
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
● While
g Loop
la i .Or l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i.Org lai.
a s a ● Do While Loop a sa a s a a s a a s a
w Pad
.2. w . Pad w . Pad w . Pad w .Pad
ww Write the purpose ww of Looping Structure wwin PHP. ww ww

Padasalai
 Loops in O
. rg . rg .Org . rg
PHP is used to execute aO statement or a block of statements, multiple timesOuntil and unless a
i i i i .
a s
specific
l a
a condition is met. asa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Looping Structures ww are useful for writingwiteration
w logics. ww ww
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.Othe g effort of writing the
.Orand g code multiple times.
.Orsame .Org
a l a i
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sa lai.
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P a das
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anddaWhile loop. P a das P a das ada
w . w . . w . w w.P
ww For each loop
ww ww While loop
ww w w

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l i
 Thesaforeach
a construct s al
provides a ian easy way to  l
While
s a a i loop is used for simple
s a l ai iteration logics. salai.
a
aditerate ada ada ada ada
w . P over arrays w . P w . P w . P w .P
ww ww ww ww ww
 The foreachgloop is used to loop through
g each  It executes
g the loop if specifiedg condition is
a l a i.Or a l a i.Or a l a i.Or a l a i.Or a lai.
da s
key/ value pair in an array.
da s da s
true.
da s da s
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 Syntax: .Org .Org  Syntax: .Org .Org .
a l a i a l a i a l a i a l a i alai
a s
dfor each ($array as $value){ d a s a s
d while (conditionPisatrue) a
d { s d a s
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w . w .Pa
ww code to be executed; ww ww code to be wwexecuted; ww
} i .Org i .Org }i.Org i.Org .
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a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 61
ww ww
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s a l ai
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w Send Yourw Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
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. P
4. d
aWrite short notes on.Do P adwhile Loop. . P a d
.P ada .Pa
da
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
 Do while loop always run the statement inside of the loop block at the first time execution.
. O rg . O rg . Org . O rg
 Then
s a la i
it is checking the condition
s a la i whether true or false.
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a lai.
da da da da da
w .Pa It executes the loop, w .Pifathe specified conditionw .Pisa true. w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 Syntax: rg
l a i.O l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i.Org
lai.
a sa sa a sa
das do {
ada ada ada
s
ada
w .Pa .P
w executed; w.P w.P w.P
ww towbe
codew ww ww ww
g
}rwhile .Org
(condition is true); .Org rg
sa lai.O salai a l a i
sala
i.O
sa lai.
a da a d a a das ada ada
w w.P w w.P w w.P ww.P w .P
w 5. Differentiate While
w and Do while loops.w w ww
i.O rgWhile loop ai.Org . O rg .O rg
sala s a l s a l a i Do while Loop
s a l a i
s a lai.
a
P da loops are usedPtoadexecute
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a ada  Do… while - executes
a block of .code
P P ada the block of code P adata
w . w . w w . w .
ww ww ww
after evaluating the condition becomes true.
ww ww
least once before evaluating the condition.
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.Org i.
sala
da'while' loop the controlling sala sala
da condition appearsPada  In 'do-while' loop da sa l a
das
ala
.P aIn .Pa .Pa the controlling condition
a
ww w w w w .
w w w w.P
w at the start of thewloop. w appears atwthe end of the loop. w

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.O rg i.Org .O rg .Or g .
 Syntax:
alai a l a alaiSyntax: l ai alai
d a s a s a s asa a s
w .Pa while (condition isw.true) Pad{ w .Pa
d do {.P a d
.Pa
d
ww ww ww w ww ww
w
code to be executed; code to be executed;
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s a l a i . } while s a l a
(condition i
s alai
.
d a d a d a da d a
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa - D
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ww ww ww ww ww
Answer the following rg questions: rg rg (5rgMarks)
la i. O l a i . O l a i . O l ai . O lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
P da
1. aExplain Looping Structure
P ada in PHP. P ada P ada P ada
w . w . w . w . w .
ww Looping Structure: ww ww ww ww
 Loopingl a i .Org
statements a i .Orgthe same block oflacode
are used to lrepeat i .Orag given number oflatimes,
i .Orgor until certain lai.
a d asa is met.
condition a d asa a d asa a d asa a d asa
w .P .P
w .P w .P w .P w
ww ww ww ww ww
 CATEGORIES
i .O rg i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a  for Loop
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d ad d d d
w .Pa  for each.P
w
Loop
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww Loop
 While ww ww ww
rgDo While Loop
i .O i .Org i .Org i.Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 62
ww ww
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s a l ai
s a l a i
s a lai.
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aour . P ada . P ada
w Send w
Your Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
For Loop: .Org .Org .Org g
a la i a la i a l a i a l ai.Or ala i.
dasloops execute a blockadofascode for a specified anumber
 aFor das of times. ada
s
a das
w w.P w w.P w w.P w w.P w w.P
w  The for loop is used w when you know in advance w how many times w the script should run. w
Syntax: lai.Or
g .Org .Org .Org .
a a l a i a l a i a l a i alai
d a s d a s d a s d a s d a s
w .Pa .Pa test counter; increment
for (init counter;
w w .Pa counter){ w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
code to be executed;
i .O}rg i.Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
w Padeach Loop:
.For w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
ww ww ww ww ww
 The foreach construct
g provides an easy
g way to iterate over arrays.
g
. O r . O r . O r .O rg
a
 It isasused
i
al to loop through each s a l a i
key/value pair in an s a
array. l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ad . Pada . P ada .P ada . P ada
w w w w w
ww  In foreach, during wwloop iteration the value wwof the current array element ww is assigned to $value ww variable
and the array
a i .Orgpointer is shifted by a i .Orguntil it reaches thelaend
one,
i
g the array element. .Org
.Orof lai i.
s a l sa l s a s a ala
ada
Syntax: ada ada ada das
w .P w.P w.P w .P w .Pa
ww w w
for each ($array as $value) { ww ww ww

Padasalai
rg executed;
Obe
codei.to i.Org i.Org .Or g
sala a l a a l a l ai lai.
ada } ada
s
ada
s
a dasa ada
sa
w . P w.P w.P w. P w.P
ww While Loop: ww ww ww ww
g .Orglogics. .Org .Org
 Whilealoop
l a i.Oisr used for simple iteration
a l a i a l a i a l a i alai
.
d a s a s a s a s a s
w .PaIt executes the loop w Pad
if .specified .Pa
condition is true.
w
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
ww ww ww ww ww
Syntax:
. O rg . Org . O rg . O rg
a
while
s a i
l (condition is true) s{al a i
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a lai.
. P ada . P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w
code to be executed; w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
}
a i .Org ai.Or
g
i.O rg i .Org i.
Do dwhile
l
asa Loop: da s a l
da sala da sa l a
das
ala
a .Pa .Pa .Pa .Pa
w w.P w w
 Do while loopwalways run the statement w w w w w w
w w inside of the loop blockwat the first time execution. w
 Then iti.O g
is rchecking the condition rg
.Owhether true or false. i.Org .Org .
a l a a l a i a la a l a i alai
a s a s a s a s a s
.Pa It executes the loop,
d d d d d
w w .Pifathe specified condition w .Pisa true. w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Syntax: ww ww ww ww
i .Odorg{ i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg .
sa l a sala sala sala s alai
.P ada Pada ada ada ad a
w w.executed;
code to be w.P w.P w .P
ww ww w w
63
ww ww
i.Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
da sala das
a l a s a l a sala s ala
a a ada ada a da
w.P P
w.Questions
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& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
g
.O}rwhile .Org .Org .Org
s a l a i (condition
s is
a l a i
true);
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da
PaDiscuss da da da da
w .2. in detail .PaFor each loop.
about
w w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
For each Loop:
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
 The a a l a
foreach
s construct provides
a s l a
a an easy way to iterate a s l
overa
a arrays. a s a l a
a s alai
d d ad Pad Pad
w .PaIt is used to loop through w .Paeach key/value pairwin.Pan w . w .
ww ww ww array. ww ww
 In For each, g
l a i .Orduring loop iteration the
l a i .Orgvalue of the current
l a i Org element is assigned
.array l a i .Otorg$value variable lai.
a a a a a
P dasthe array pointer isPshifted
and
a a das by one, until it reaches
P a dasthe end of the array P a das
element.
P a das
w. .
wwon arrays and objects, w. w. w.
ww  Foreach works w only wwand will issue an errorww when you try to use it w onwa variable
rg rg rg rg
al ai.O data type or an uninitialized
with a different ai.O al
variable.
sala
i.O
sala
i.O ala i.
a das
Syntax: a das a da ad a a d a s
w.P w.P w.P w.P ww
.P
ww w
w as $value) {
for each ($array ww ww w
.O rg i.O rg i.O rg .Org i.
alai to be executed;
code
sala sala sa l a i ala
a das ada ada ada das
.P } .P .P .P .Pa
w ww www w ww w ww ww
w

Padasalai
Example:
<?php salai
.Org i.Org i.Org i .Or g .
a a s a l a
a s a l a
asa
l a
a s alai
w Pad
.$Student_name = .Pa
d
array(“Magilan”,
w “Iniyan”, w .Pa
d
w . P a d
w .Pa
d
ww ww ww ww ww
“Nilani”, “Sibi”, rg“Shini”);
i .O i.Org i .Org i .Org .
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww foreach ($Student_name ww as $value) { ww ww ww
echo “$valueO <br>”;
rg Org O rg O rg
la i . l a i . l a i . l ai . lai.
} ada s a s a s a s a s a
. P . P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww ?> ww ww ww ww
Output: i.O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i .Org i.
sala s a l a sala sa l a
das
ala
ada
“Magilan”
.P ada ada ada .Pa
ww w.P ww
.P
ww
.P w
w Iniyan” ww w w ww
“Nilani” lai.O
rg i.O rg i .Org i.O rg .
asa s a l a sa la s a l a salai
a d ada ada ada .Pa
d a
w.“Sibi”
P w.P w.P w.P w
ww ww ww ww ww
“Shini”
.Org
i example value ofalthe .Org
ai array $student_name .Org .Org .
 Heresainlathis
a a s a s alai is read one by one a s lai foreach loop andsalai
ausing
. P ad . P ad . P ad . P ad . P ada
w displayed the value. w w w w
ww ww ww ww 64
ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
dasala das
a l a s a l a sala s ala
a a ada ada ada
w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
3. Explain the process Do while loop.
rg rg .Org i.Or
g
ai.O
alLoop:
Do while
sala
i.O
sa l a i a l a ala i.
das da da ada
s das
w .Pa Do while loop always w .Parun the statement inside w .Paof the loop block at w the.Pfirst time execution.ww.P
a
w w w w w w w w w
 Then it is checking the condition whether true or false.
i . O rg i . Org i .Org i .Org .
 da a l a
Itsexecutes the loop, if the
a sa l a
specified condition is s
true.
a a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Syntax: ww ww ww ww
i .Odorg{ i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a sa l a
a sa l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d
code to be executed; d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww(condition is true); ww
} while ww ww
Example:ai.Org . O rg . O rg . O rg
s a l s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. ada
<?php
P . Pada . P ada .P ada . P ada
w w w w w
ww $Student_count = 5; ww ww ww ww
.O = 1;rg i.O rg i.O rg .Org i.
alai
$student_number
sala sala sa l a i ala
Pa das ada ada ada das
.do{ .P .P .P .Pa
w ww www www w ww ww
w

Padasalai
echo "The student number is:". $student_number . "<br>";
i .Org i.Org i.Org i .Or g
lai.
sala
$student_number++; s a l a s a l a
asa
l a sa
Pada ada ada a d ada
.
w} w.P w.P w. P w.P
ww ww ww ww ww
while($student_number
rg <= $Student_count);?>
rg
lai.O i.O i .Org lai.O
rg
lai.
da sa sala sa l a s a sa
Pa .P ada .P ada Pad
a ada
w w.Output: w w w . w.P
w ww ww ww w w

l a Org is:1
The student number
i . l a i . Org
l a i . O rg
l a i . O rg
lai.
as a number is:2 ada s a s a s a s a
. P adstudent
The
. P . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww The student numberww is:3 ww ww ww

l a Org is:4
The studenti.number
l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
a s a s a s a s a s a
Padstudent number is:5 da da da da
w .The w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww w
 Here in thiswexample, the condition w
w ww
becomes true until ($student_number ww
<= $Student_count), the
.O rg .O r g r g r g
loop
a l a iexecutes for 5 times and
a l a idisplay the result.
a la i.O a l a i.O alai
.
d a s d a s d a s d a s d a s
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg .
sala
J. BASKARAN M.Sc., B.Ed. (C.S)
sala sala sala
J. ILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed. (C.S)
s alai
P ada
[email protected]
P ada ada da
[email protected] ad a
ww
. Puducherry. ww
.
ww.P ww
. P Puducherry. w .P
w w w 65
w ww
i.O rg i.O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
dasala sala s a l a sala s ala
a ada ada ada ada
w.P P
w.Questions
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& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
i.O rg rg .Org i.Or
g
alaconcepts
4. Explain of for loop a lai.O
with example.
sa l a i a l a ala i.
das Pad
as ada ada
s das
.Pa . .P .P w.P
a
w ww For Loop: www www ww
w
ww
 For loops execute
g a block of code for agspecified number of times.
g
i .Or i .Or i .Or i .Org .
 The a s
forl a
a loop is used when you a s l a
aknow in advance howamany s l a
a times the script should a s l a
a run. a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww Syntax: ww ww ww ww
.Org .Org
increment counter){ rg
.Org
for (init counter; test counter;
i i i .O i .
a s a l a
code to be a s
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
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s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
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a
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w .P w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
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s a l a i
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s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
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w w w w w
ww Output: ww ww ww ww
O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg .Org
lai.number
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a is:1
a l a sala sa l a i ala i.
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w .The w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w.P
a
w w w w w w w w w w
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i Org is:4
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a s a l a
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a s a la
a s a l a
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d
w .Pa
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d
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a s alaiexecutes for 5 times
loop a s alaidisplay the result. asalai
and a s alai a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 66
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
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w.Questions
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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rg rg .Org i.Or
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sala
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sa l a i a l a ala i.
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.Oobjects, and will issue an g when you try to .use
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a l a i l a i l a i l a i
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g g rg rg
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s a lai.O s a lai.O s a lai.O s a lai.O s a lai.
a da da da da
w Pad
.<?php w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww $Student_name = array(“Magilan”,
ww “Iniyan”,ww ww ww

Padasalai
“Nilani”, “Sibi”, “Shini”);
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
foreach
a s la
a($Student_name as $value)
a s l
a { a
a s a l a
a s al a
a s alai
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d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
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a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
w Pad
.“Magilan” w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
ww ww ww ww ww
Iniyan”
rg rg rg rg
“Nilani”alai.O a l a i . O
a l a i . O
a l ai . O
a lai.
s s s s s
. ada
“Sibi”
P . P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w w w w w
ww “Shini” ww ww ww ww
 Here in this rexample
g value of the array rg $student_name is rread g one by one using foreach rg loop and
s a lai.O s a lai.O ala i.O ala i.O ala i.
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displayed the value. da das das das
w .Pa w .Pa w.P
a
w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww w
wPREPARED BY ww ww
i.Org i.Org i .Org i.O rg .
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J. BASKARAN M.Sc., B.Ed. (C.S)
w w ww
J. ILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed. (C.S)
r
[email protected]
.O g .O r g .O r g .Org
[email protected]
.
a l a i
Puducherry. a l a i a l a i a l a i
Puducherry. alai
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w Send w
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[email protected] w
 ala i. i. alai
. i. lai.
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d a das a
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J. BASKARAN M.Sc., B.Ed. (C.S)
rg i.Or
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J. ILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed. (C.S)

s a lai.O
[email protected]
s a la sa l a i
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ala i.
a da Puducherry. ada ada daPuducherry. das
.P .P .P .Pa w.P
a
w ww www www ww
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rg .Org .Org .Org
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sa FORMS AND
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pad w . Pad w . Pad
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Choose the bestganswer g g (1 Mark)
i . O r i . O r i .O r i .Org .
1. When
a s l a
ayou use the $_GET variable
a s l a
a to collect data, theasdata l a
a is visible to.. a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa a) none w .Pa b) only you w .Pa c) w
everyone.Pa d) selected w
few .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
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rgbe used while sending passwords
rg or other sensitive
rg information?
s a ai.O
lGET s a ai.O
lb) s a lai.c)O
s a i.O
laNEXT s a lai.
P a da a)
Pa da POST
P ada REQUEST
P ada d)
P ada
w . . . . .
ww
ww 3. Which directivewdetermines ww on the server canwaccept
whether PHPwscripts ww file uploads? www

la .Org
a) file_uploads
i l a i Org
b) .file_upload
l a i .c) g
Orfile_input l a i.Org
d) file_intake
lai.
s a sa s a s a s a
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HTML form <input type=”text”> is used for ada da da
w .Pa w .Pa w .P w .Pa w .Pa
ww a) One linew
w
text b) Blockw
w
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w
c) Onewparagraph d) None w
w

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g rg rg on it are called asi.Org
5. HTML a
al i.Or that is already defined
classes ai.O and allow us to apply
al ai.O
styles
al a al alai
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d a s d a s a s a s a s
.Pa a) Pseudo classes .Pa b) Css classes .Pad ad d) None
c) Javascript.Pclasses .Pa
d
w w w w w
ww 6. If you would likewto w ww ww
read a file character by character which function do you use?
ww
g Org ( ) g .Or(g)
a i.Or( )
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b) i.fread
a l a i Orfgetc
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d a s a s a s a s a s
PaPHP
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d
.Pa
d
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w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
a) User b) Loosely c) Server d) System
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does i
l fopen() function do s a ina i
l PHP? s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada . P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w a) It used to open w w w w
ww ww files in PHP ww b) It used to open
ww Remote Server ww
c) It usedrgto open folders in PHP rg d) It usedrto g open Remote Computer
l a i . O l ai . O l a i . O l a i .Org lai.
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da da da da da
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww a) Through w w Browser
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c) Through
i .Org Web Server lai.Org d) All .of
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a s a l a
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w .Pa w .P w .P w .Pa w .Pa
ww a) fgets() ww ww
b) file_get_contents() ww
c) fread() d) readfile() ww
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg .
sala sala sala sala s alai
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68
ww ww
i.Org i .O rg i.Or
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i.O rg i.
da sala das
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w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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Section-B
g g .Org rg
i.Or
la following questionsala
Answerathe i.Or l a i i.O
a(2laMarks) ala i.
das as da sa s das
PaDefine HTML formwcontrols. Pad .Pa ada a
w w .1.
w
.
w w w w.P ww.P
w w w w w
 Main objective of PHP and HTML form controls are to collect data from users.
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
 CONTROL
a s a l a TYPES: a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa ● Text inputs w.Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
● Buttonsrg
i .O i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a●s l a
aCheckbox a sa l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ● Radio boxww ww ww ww
i Org
● File.Select
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.
sala
da● Form Tag sala sala sala s ala
a ada a da ad a a d a
w.P w . P w.P w.P ww
.P
ww 2. Define Form Handling ww method in PHP.ww ww w
 Form tag
l a i .Oisrgused to mention alamethod
i .Org (POST or GET) l a i Orgcontrol the entirelaform
.and i.Orgcontrols in the lai.
a d asa document.
HTML a dasa a d asa a dasa a d asa
w.P w.P ww
.P
ww
.P
ww
.P
ww  Post Method: The ww input data sent to thewserver w w

Padasalai
with POST method is stored in the request body of the
r g
.O request. .O r g .Org .Org .
client‟s
a la i
HTTP a l a i a l a i al ai alai
d a s d a s a s a s a s
PaGet
. Method: The input .Padata sent to the server ad POST method via .URL
.Pwith Pad address is knownwas.Pquery
ad
w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
string. All input data are visible by user after they clicks the submit button.
i .Org .Org .Org lai.O
rg
lai.
3. What alai
saislaForm Validation insPHP? sa l a i
s a sa
ada
P Validation is a process ada ada Pad
a ada
w w. w w.Pof checking the input
w
.P submitted by the user
wdata w w. from client machine.ww.P
w w w w w
 There are two
rg types of validation available
rg in PHP. They are,rg g
lai.O Validation salai.O i.O i.Or lai.
 s a
Client-Side sala s a l a s a
P ada P ada ada ada a da
w .
ww
. w.P w.P ww
.P
ww  Server Side wValidation ww ww w
.Org control to support
4. List out HTML
i rg language.
.OPHP i i.O rg i .Org i.
da sala
form controls:ada sala sala sa l a
das
ala
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aHTML ada ada .Pa
ww ww.P ww
.P
ww
.P w
w w
● Text inputs w w ww
g rg .Org rg
i.Or
● Buttons i.O i i.O alai
.
sala s a l a sa la s a l a s
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d a
w.P ww
.P
ww
.P
ww
.P w
ww ● Radio box w w w ww
● File i Org
.Select i .Org i .Org i.Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa ● Form Tag w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 69
ww ww
. O rg .O rg . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada . P ada & Answer Keys.P da
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w Send w
Your Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
 ala i. i. alai
. i. lai.
d a s sala
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da d a s sala
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
5. Write Syntax of Text box in HTML.
rg rg .Org i.Or
g
Syntax:alai.O i.O i i.
das da sala da sa l a s a l a
das
ala
Pa type=”text” name=”name”> .Pa .Pa ada a
w w .<input
w w w w w w.P ww.P
w w w w w
6. Define File handling in PHP.
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
 Filea s a l a
handling is an important a s l a
aactivity of all web application
a s a l a
a s a
development process. l a
a s alai
d
PaFiles ad ad d d
w . are processed w .Pdifferent
for tasks using w .Pfollowing
the events: w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
● PHP Openrga File,
i .O i .Org i .Org i .Org .
● a s
PHP
l a
a Read a File, a s a l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ● PHP Close a w w
File, ww ww ww
.Orga File,
● PHP Write
i i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.
sala
daPHP Appending a Fileadand
● a sala da sala a sala a s ala
a a ad a d
w.P w.P w.P w.P ww
.P
ww wwa File.
● PHP uploading ww ww w
rg rg rg .Org
ai.O button in HTML.
7. Define Browse
sal ai.O sal sala
i.O
sa l a i ala i.
d a
aSelect d a d a ada das
.P a file: .Patype="file" name="myFile">
<input .Pa .P .Pa
w ww www www www ww
w
 The <input type="file"> defines a file-select field and a "Browse" button for file uploads.

Padasalai
rg
i.Othe file value of theatype rg
i.Oattribute allows youalto O
i.define rg .O file uploads.
ifor . rg
 In a form,
a sa la
a s l a
a s a an input element
a s al a
a s alai
d
PaThis ad Padclick on to select awfile d ad
w. displays a browsew.Pbutton, which the user w.can .Paon their local computer.
w.P
ww ww ww ww ww
8. Write Syntax of Browse button in HTML.
i .Org i.O rg i .Org lai.O
rg
lai.
sala
Syntax: sala sa l a s a sa
P ada .P ada .Pada Pad
a ada
w w.<input type="file" name
w w
="myFile"> w w . w.P
w w ww ww w w
9. Compare Text
rg box and Text Area. rg rg g
lai.O i.O i.O i.Or lai.
s a sala sala s a l a s a
ada da daText Area da da
Text box
w . P w.Pa w.P
a
w.P
a .P a
ww The TEXT BOX w w
is a single line box. ww ww is a multiple line box.
The TEXT AREA w ww

i.O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i .Org i.
sala s a l a sala sa l a
das
ala
.Pada are generally used
They adacollecting information
.Pfor
da
.Pa A text area can whold
da
.Pa an unlimited number aof
ww w w w w w w w.P
w w addresses, URLs, etc..
such as names, email w w the text
characters, and w
.O rg .O rg .Org i.Org .
alaofi File open function.alai
10. Usage
s s sa la i
s a l a salai
ada ada ada ada .Pa
d a
w.P fopen() is a systemwfunction
.P available in PHP. w.P w.P w
ww ww ww ww ww
 This function helps to open a file in the server.
rg
.Otwo rg
.Othe rg
.Ospecifies rg
.Othe
 It contains
s a l a i parameters one
s a l a
fori file and the other
s a la i
one in which s l
mode
a a i file should besalai.
ad a ad a ad a ad a ada
. P
w opened (Read/Write). w . P w . P w . P w . P
ww ww ww 70
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
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w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
 ala i. i. alai
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www.TrbTnpsc.com
d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
.O rg .O rg .O rg rg
alai $file_Object= fopen(“FileName”,
 Syntax: alai alai
“Read/WriteMode”) lai.O
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das Pad
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wwwSection-C ww
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Answer the following questions (3 Marks)
rg rg rg rg
a lai.O lai.O lai.O l a i.O lai.
das the features Form
1. aWrite asa
adHandling. ada
sa
ada
s a
ada
sa
w.P .P
wwtake input from the w
.P
wwvisitor and then willwpost
.P w.P
wwit to a back-end application
ww  A HTML formwwill site ww such

.OrgScript or PHP script

as CGI, iASP i Org
.etc. i .Org i .Org .
a sa l a
a sa l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d input values are synchronized
d d d d
w .
PaAll w .Pa .Paserver via POST method
and sent to the
w w .Paor GET method. w.Pa
ww ww
 Method is an attribute form tag in HTML. ww ww ww
r g g rg rg
lai.O
2. Write the purpose i.OrPost method.
Get methodlaand i.O i.O i.
das
a
das
a sala sala s ala
.P aForm tag is used to .mention
Pa a method (POST. P aordaGET) and control .Pthe
a
adentire .Pina the
form controls d a
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
HTML document.
.O rg Orgsent to the server lvia
.and rg
.OPOST .Org
 Allsinput
a la i values are l
synchronized
sa a i
sa a i method or GET
s a l a i
method. s a lai.
da
PaPost da ada POST method is stored da da
w . Method: The w .Pa data sent to the server
input w .Pwith w .Pa in the request body w .Pofa the
ww ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
client‟s HTTP
g request.
i .Or i .Org i .Org i .Org .
 Get a sa l a
Method: The input data
a s l a
asent to the server withaPOST
s l a
a method via URL aaddress
s l a
a is known as query a s alai
d Pad Pad Pad Pad
w .Pastring. All input data w .are w . w . w .
ww ww visible by user w w they clicks the submit
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1. What are thegMySQLi function available g PHP?
i .O r i. O r i .Org i .Org .
● Mysqli_connect()
a sa l a Function
a s a l a
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w .Pa ● Mysqli_close()wFunction.Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
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i . O r i . O rg available PHP? i.Org i .Org .
a l a
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Managing Database ww Connections ww ww ww
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ww ww ww 78
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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ww Function. ww ww PHP scriptingw w MySQL Database Server.
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww Name”,”Password”,”DB ww Name”); ww ww ww
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of MySQLilaQueries. i.O i.O i.
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a
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ww ww ww ww w
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .P w .Pa
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l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
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s a error code. s a s a
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d to be managed andPaccessed d a d a
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sala
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
 alai. i. alai
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8. What is mysqli_fetch_assoc() Function?
rg rg rg rg
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a s alai
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww wwmysql_fetch_assoc(data) ww ww ww
i Org
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. iOrg
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a
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10. Define mysqli_affected_rows() w
Function. ww w
rg rg rg rg
s lai.O
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sa lai.O
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s
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lai.previous SELECT, alai.
s
P da
aINSERT, ada
UPDATE, .REPLACE,
P ada
or DELETE .query.
P P ada P ada
w . w w w . w .
ww ww ww ww ww

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i rg i .Org
.Omysqli_affected_rows(connection); i .Org i .Org .
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ww ww ww ww ww
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a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d the Syntax for MySQLi
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w.Pa
ww  “mysqli_query”wiswa function, helps to execute ww the SQL query statements ww w
in PHP scriptingwlanguage.
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g g g g
a al a i.Or a l a i.Or a l ai.Or a lai.
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mysqli_query(“Connection
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P dasQuery”) ada s
a da s
ww
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ww
.
ww w.P ww
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w w
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w ww w
i.O rg .O rg rg
i.OMySQL Database connectivity rg
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s a laScripting language many
s a laifunctions are available
s a lafor s a lai.O ,executing alai.
P da
aSQL P a da P a da P a da P a das
w . .
queries, and management.
w w . w . w .
ww ww ww ww ww
● Mysqli_connect() Function
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a
● Mysqli_close()
s a l a Function
a s a l a
a s a la
a s a l a
a salai
d d d d d
w .Pa ● mysqli_select_db() w .PaFunction w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww
● mysqli_affected_rows() Function ww ww ww
● mysqli_connect_error()
rg Functionrg
l a i . O l a i .O l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
a●smysqli_fetch_assoc()
ad
a asa
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ad asa ad asa ad asa ad
.P .P w.P .P .P
w ww w ww w w www www
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
 ala i. i. alai
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lai .Orgmysqli_affected_rows()
3. Differentiate .OrgFunction and mysqli_fetch_assoc()
lai .Org lai .Org
Function.
lai lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
da mysqli_affected_rows() da Function da da
mysqli_fetch_assoc() Function da
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  The mysqli_affected_rows()
ww w ww
functionwreturns  The mysql_fetch_assoc() ww a
function returns
i .Org of affected rowslain
i rg previous
.Othe i Org a recordset as anlaassociative
.from i .Org .
alai
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l a row
l a array.
a s a a sa a s a a s a a s
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w .Pa SELECT, INSERT, w .PUPDATE, REPLACE, .P
w w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
DELETE query.
a i .Org lai.O
rg
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lai.
asa
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Pad .Pa .P ada ada ada
w . w w w.P
mysql_fetch_assoc(data); w.P
ww ww
mysqli_affected_rows(connection); ww w w w w

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l a i . Org l a i . Org l a i . Org l a i. Org lai.
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s a s a s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .Pa w .Pa
mysqli_connect(“Server Name .Pa Name”,”Password”,”DB
“,”User
w w .Pa Name”); w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

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i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a sa l a
a s a l a
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, s a l a
$username,
a s al
$password,$DB_name);
a
a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
5. Write aanote
i .Orgon PHP MySQL ldatabase i .Org connection. lai.Org i .Org .
a s a l
a s a a
a s a a s a l a
a s alai
d d ad d d
w .PaBefore accessing MySQLw .Pa Database, connectwto.PDatabase Server w .Pavia PHP scripting language
machine w.Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
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g Function.
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function requires four s al a i
parameters to connect to s a l a
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i
server. s a l a i
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. P ada . P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w ww Database username, w w w
ww  Database Serverwname, ww password and Database wwName. ww
 Syntax: .Org .Org .Org .Org
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da da
mysqli_connect(“Server a
Name “,”UseradName”,”Password”,”DB a
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w .Pa w .Pa w .P w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Example: ww ww ww ww
i rg = mysqli_connect($servername,
.O$conn i .Org $username, i
g
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a s a l a
a s a l a
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a s a l a
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
i .OrgB.Ed. (C.S) i .Org i .Org J. ILAKKIA M.Sc.,laM.Phil.,
i .OrgB.Ed. (C.S) .
a a a alai
J. BASKARAN M.Sc.,
s a l s a l s a l s a s
d a
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i.Org i .O rg i.Or
g
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w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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. i. lai.
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d a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
Section - D
g g .Org rg
i.Or
la following questions:ala
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w w .1. Discuss in detail w w .
about MySQL functions w w .
with example . w w.P ww.P
w w w w w
 In PHP Scripting
.Org .O g .O g .Org
language many rfunctions are available rfor MySQL Database connectivity and
i i i i .
a s l
executing
a
a SQL queries. asa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ●Mysqli_connect()ww Function ww ww ww
g rg .Org rg
la i.Or
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lai.O a i i.O lai.
sa sa
das
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d a s a l a i10. Introduction
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.Answer .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d (2 Marks)
w .Pa
d
ww 1. List any four domain ww names. ww ww ww
Domain
rg Name Meaning
i .O i. Org i .Org i .Org .
a sa l a com
a s a l a Commercial
a s a l
Organisationa
a s al a
a s alai
d d ad d d
w .Pa edu
w .Pa Educational.P
w
Institutions
w .Pa w .Pa
ww gov ww ww (US)
Government ww ww
mil
r g Military
r g groups rg rg
2. Whatais l a i
an . O IP address? l a i . O l a i . O l ai . O lai.
s s a s a s a s a
. P ada Internet Protocol (IP) . P
a
adaddress is simply the.P ada address in the network
logical . P adalayer. .P ada
w  IP address is also w w w w
ww ww used to uniquely identify ww a computer over the wwnetwork. ww
3. What are the rgtypes of IP address? rg
 IPv4 l a i . O
- IPv4 address l
isa ia.O 32-bit unique address l a i .Orgto a computer system.
given l a i .Org lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
da ada is a 128-bit unique da da da
w .Pa IPv6 - IPv6.Paddress
w w .Pa address given to a w .Pa system.
computer
w .Pa
ww 4. What is an URL? ww ww ww ww
 URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
. O rg . O rg is the address of ai.document
Org on the Internet. g
.Or .
 URL a l a i is made up of four parts-
a l a i protocols, hostname, a a
folder
l name and file name.
a l a i alai
a s
d out four URLs you d a s d a s d a s d a s
w PaList
.5. w .Paknow. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  https://www.google.com/
ww ww ww ww
 https://www.yahoo.com/
.Org
 https://www.rediff.com/
i i .Org i .Org i.Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
ad https://www.facebook.com/ ad ad ad ad
w.P w.P w.P w.P w.P
ww ww ww 97
ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
dasala sala s a l a sala s ala
a ada ada ada ada
w.P P
w.Questions
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& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
 alai. i. alai
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w.P w.P w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
6. What are the rgtypes of URL? i.Org
 sURL l a i . O
is divided into two la
types: l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
a s a s a s a s a
da da Absolute URL is da da da
w .Pa Absolute URL w.Pa- w .Pathe complete addresswof .Paa document on the Internet.
w .Pa
ww  Relative URL ww - Relative w w is the partial address
URL ww ww
of a document on the Internet.
7. What is a domain?
i .Orgis a sub tree in domain i rg
.Oname i .Org i .Org .
 Domain
a s a l a
a sa l a space tree
a s a l a
structure.
a s a l a
a s alai
d ad divided into sub.Pdomains. ad d d
w .Pa The domain canwbe .Pfurther w w .Pa w .Pa
ww 8. What is a zone?ww ww ww ww
 Zone is rthe g contiguous part up.O torg
which the server has access.rg
 The l a i . O
domain assigned for l
the a i
server does not divide l a i
into.Ofurther sub domains l a i .Orgzone is same as lai.
then
a a a a a
P a dasdomain. P a das P a das P a das P a das
w. w. w. w. w.
ww 9. What is a resolver? ww ww ww ww
 The resolver
. O rg is a program which . O rgis responsible for initiating
. O rg the translation of ia.Odomain
rg name into
s a
an l a
IP
i
address. s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a s a lai.
a
adWhat a
adavailable ada space? ada ada
w . P
10. are the . P
categories
w in domain
w . P name w .P w . P
ww  The DNS hierarchy ww is comprised of the followingww elements: ww ww
1) Root Level
l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i.Org lai.
2)da s a
Top Level Domains ada s a s a s a s a
da da da
w .Pa3) Second Level Domains w .P w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
4) Sub-Domain
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
5) Host
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
w PadWrite any four generic
.11. w
d
.Pa Top Level Domain. w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
ww Domain ww ww
Purpose ww ww
com
i . O rg -
i . O rg
Commercial organizations rg
i .O i .Org .
a a
edu
s l a - a s l a
a Educational institutions a s a l a
a s al a
a s alai
d d ad d d
w .Pa gov - .Pa
w Government w .Pinstitutions w .Pa w.Pa
ww mil ww - wwgroups
Military ww ww
rg rg rg i.Or
g
s a lai.O sal a i . O
sala
i.O
s a l a s a lai.
ada .Pa
da
.Pa
da
Section-C a da a da
w.P w ww w.P ww
.P
ww Answer the following w
w questions w ww (3 Marks) w
g .Org .Org .Org
i.Or on DNS.
1. Writeaalanote a l ai a l a i a l a i a lai.
da s s s s s
.PaDomain Name System ada maintains all the
.P(DNS)
da
.Padirectory of domainwnames
da
.Pa and help us to access
da
.Pa the
w w w w
ww websites using the wwdomain names. ww ww ww
 It translatesOthe
. rg .Org .Org .Org
domain name into IP address.
a i a i a i a i i.
 The a s l
a important components
three a s l
a of the Domain Name a s a l
System are Namespace,a s a l
Name server and Zone.asala
d
PaDifferentiate ad d d d
w .2. IPv4 w .PIPv6.
and w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
IPv4 IPv6
i .Orisg a 32-bit unique address
i .Orggiven to a IPv6 la i .Org is a 128-bit unique i.O rg given to .
alai
IPv4 address
l a l a address l a address
a s a a s a a s a a s a a s
d
computer system. d da computer system. Pad d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w . w .Pa
ww ww ww 98
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
dasala das
a l a s a l a sala s ala
a a ada ada ada
w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
 ala i. i. alai
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da a s sala
www.TrbTnpsc.com s a
a d a .Pa
d ada .Pa
da
w.P w.P w w .P
ww in
ww The number of w
w
addresses that can be formed w w
in The number of wwaddresses that can bewformed
IPv4 is 232..Org . O rg IPv6 is .2O rg.
128
.Org
s a l
IPdaddress
a i
represented by, s a la i
IP s a l a i
address represented by,s a l a i
4-digit Hexadecimal s a lai.
a da da da da
w .Pa ● Binary notation w .Pa w .Pa numbers separatedwby .Pacolon symbols. w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
● Dotted-decimal notation
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d
3. Differentiate Domain name d and URL. d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww w
wDomain Name ww ww URL ww
Domain Namergis a symbolic name associatedrg with URL (Uniform rg Resource Locator) rgis the address
i . O i. O i .O i . O .
a ala
an IPsaddress
a sala a
la
ofsaadocument
a s ala
on the Internet.
a s alai
ad
.PDomain .Pa
name is the sequenced of labels separated d
.Pa URL is made up wfour
d
.Paparts–protocols, hostname, .Pa
d
w w w w
ww by dot (.). ww ww folder name and wwfile name. ww
Example: challenger.atc.fhda.edu.
rg rg Example: rhttp://quora.com/answer
g rg
ala i.O ala i.O ala i.O alai.O alai.
d a s d a s d a s d a s d a s
w PaWhat are the differences
.4. w .Pa between AbsolutewURL .Pa and Relative URL? w .Pa w .Pa
ww w w
Absolute URL ww ww Relative URL ww
Absolute la i .Org is the complete
URL l a i .O rg
address of a Relative
l a i rg
.OURL is the partial address
l a i
g
.Orof a lai.
s a sa sa s a s a
ada
.Pdocument .Pa
on the Internet. da da
.Pa document on the Internet.
.Pa
da
.Pa
da
w w w w w
ww Absolute URL contains ww all the informationwthat w are Relative URLwcontainsw only file name w orwfile name

Padasalai
.Org .Org
with folderrgname.
.Org
required to find the files on the Internet.
i i i .O .
All athe
s la
a four parts is very important
a s a l a
a s l a
a URL is used when
in absolute Relative a s l ai
athe file is on the sameasalai
ad ad ad ad ad
w.PURL. w.P w.P server related to original
w.P document. w.P
ww ww ww ww ww
5. Write a note
i .Orgon domain name.lai.Org i .Org i .Org .
 Domain
a s l a
a name is the sequence a s aof labels, which are separated
a s a l a
by dot (.). a s al a
a s alai
d Pad read from the w d ad ad
w .PaThe domain name w is .always .Pa level to higher level
lower w .Pi.e., from the leaf w
node .P
to root
ww ww ww ww ww
node.
rg rg rg rg
ai.O
 Sincealthe root node always represent
al a i . O NULL string, all the
al a i . O
domain name ending alwith
a i . Odot. alai
.
P a das P a das ad as ad as ad as
w.6. Differentiate webwaddress
w. and URL w.P w.P w.P
ww w ww ww ww
WEB ADDRESS URL
l a i .Org l ai .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
Web s a
Address more commonlys a defines a unique URLs a (Uniform Resource a
Locator)
s is the address s a
ada that helps people.P
.Pname ada
remember
da
a URL. w.Pa of a document on w ada
.PInternet.
the .Pa
da
w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
It is a uniquegstring of letters or characters that URL is made
i . O r i . O rg i . Org up four parts–protocols,
i . O rg hostname, .
identify
a s alayour specific place on a s la internet.
athe a s alaname and file name.
folder
a s ala a salai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg .
sala sala sala sala s alai
.P ada .Pada ada ada ad a
w w w.P w .P w .P
ww ww w w
99
ww ww
i.Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
da sala das
a l a s a l a sala s ala
a a ada ada ada
w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww

la i .Org la i .Org Section - D .Org

l a i l a i .Org lai.
Answer s a the following s
questions: a s a s a (5 Marks) s a
da
PaExplain da da da da
w .1. briefly the w .Pa
components of DNS. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 Domain Name System (DNS) maintains all the directory of domain names and help us to access the
i .Org the domain names. i .Org i .Org i .Org .
alai
websites l a using l a l a l a
a s a a s a a s a a s a a s
.PaIt translates the domain
d ad into IP address. .Pad d d
w w .Pname w w .Pa w .Pa
ww DNS Components:ww ww ww ww
 There are three rg important components rgin the Domain Name System.
rg
i . O i . O i . O i .Org .
 They
a sa l a
are,
a sa l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa ● Namespace w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ● Name serverw
w ww ww ww
● Zonei.Org . O rg . O rg . O rg
s a l a s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da
1) NAME SPACE: da da da da
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  The domain w w must be very unique
names wwand appropriate. ww ww
 The names
la i .Org should be selected l a i .Orga namespace. lai.Org
from
l a i.Org lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
da a
adorganized da da da
w .Pa The name space w can
.Pbe .Pa
in two ways,
w w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Flat name ww space ww ww ww

Padasalai
 i .O rg i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a Hierarchical name space
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s al a
a s alai
d
PaNAME SERVER: w.Pa
d d d d
w .2) w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 Name Server is a main part in the Domain Name System (DNS).
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
 aItsa l a
translates the domain a s l a
a to IP addresses. asa
names l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d ad d
w .Pa Name server contains w .Pa the DNS databasewwhich .Pa consists of domain w .P w .Pa
ww ww ww ww names and their ww
corresponding
IP Addresses.
rg rg rg rg
la i. O l a i . O l a i . O l ai . O lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
. P adaLarge number of domain
. P ada names are saved on . P ada and used in the.Phierarchical
servers ada manner.
.P ada
w w w w w
ww 3) ZONE: ww ww ww ww
 The entire
a i .Org name space is divided
ai
g many different zones.
.Orinto a i .Org a i .Org i.
l
asItais the area up to which a
asthe
l
asa
l sa l ala
ad a d a d ada das
.P .P server has access.
.P .P .Pa
w ww ww
w
www www ww
w
 Zone is defined as a group of contiguous domains and sub domains.
rg
O has a single domain,
.O rg .O rg i.Org
s lai.zone
 Ifathe alai then zone and domain
s alaiare the same.
s s a l a salai
.
ada ada ada ada .Pa
d a
w.P  Every zone has w .Pserver which containswa.Pdatabase called zone file.
the w.P w
ww ww ww ww ww
 There aregtwo copies of zone filesgavailable, Master file and g slave file.
i . O r i . O r i . O r i.Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a la
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 100
ww ww
. O rg . O rg . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a l a i
s a lai.
. P ada . P ada & Answer Keys.P da
aour . P ada . P ada
w Send w
Your Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
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a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww ww ww ww
2. Classify and
la i .OrgExplain the IP address.l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
 Internet
s a Protocol (IP) address s a
is simply the logical s a
address in the network layer.s a s a
da da da ada ada
w .PaIP address is also used w .Ptoauniquely identify a wcomputer.Pa over the network. w . P w . P
ww ww ww ww ww
 Due to increase in the number of system in a network there is a need of more addresses which lead to
i .Org methods i.e., IPv4 i OrgIPv6.
.and i .Org i .Org .
two addressing
a s a l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
w Pad Address:
.IPv4 w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
ww  IPv4 address is aw32-bit w unique address given ww to a computer system. ww ww
 No two systems
.Org .Org .Org .Org
can have same IP address.
i i i i .
 Ifdthe
a
l a
sanetwork has p connections a s l a
a then „ p‟ addresses ashould s l a
a be there. a s a l a
a s alai
.PaAn address space is w ad
.Ptotal
d
.Pathat can be made bywthat
d
.Paprotocol. .Pa
d
w the number of w
addresses w
ww ww ww ww ww
 It is determined by the number of bits that the protocol use.
O rg O rg O rg O rg
 If the aprotocol
l a i . uses „n‟ bits thena l a i
the . address space of that
a l i .
protocol
a would be „2 n
i .
,addresses
a l a can be a lai.
da s s s s s
.Paformed. . P ada . P ada .P ada . P ada
w w w w w
ww  So, the number of wwaddresses that can be formed ww in IPv4 is 232. ww ww
 There are two
l a i .Orgways to representlathe i .OIPrgaddress, l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
 s a
Binary notation s a s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .Pa  Dotted-decimalwnotation .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
IPv6 Address:
 IPv6 address i .Orgis a 128-bit uniquelaaddress
i .Org given to a computer i rg
.Osystem. i .Org .
a s a l a
a s a a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d ad is 2128. d d
w .PaThe number of addresses w .Pathat can be formed w in.PIPv6
w .Pa w .Pa
ww  In IPv6 address,wthe w 128 bits are divided w w eight 16-bits blocks.ww
into ww
 Each blockOisrgthen changed into 4-digit
i . i .Org Hexadecimal numbers i
g
.Orseparated by colon symbols.
i .Org .
 E.g.a s a l a s a
2001:0000:32313:DFE1:0063:0000:0000:
a
l a FEFB. a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w.P
a
ww ww ww ww w w
3. Explain about the name server?
. O rg . Org . O rg . O rg
la i
NAMEsaSERVERS: s al a i
s a l a i
s a l ai
s a lai.
. P ada . P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
w  Name servers storewthe data and provide it w
to clients when queried bywthem. w
ww ww ww ww ww
 Name Servers are programs that run on a physical system and store all the zone data.
.Org Server in thelaDomain
 InverselaiName i .Org Name Systemla(DNS) i .Org translates the ldomain
a i .Org names to IP lai.
a d asa
addresses. a d asa a d asa a d asa a d asa
w.P w.P .P
ww consists of domain w.P w.P
ww  Name server contains ww the DNS databasewwhich wwnames and their corresponding
ww IP
addresses. rg
i .O i .Org i .Org i .Org .
 There
a s l a
ais a need to store large
a s a l a
number of domain names,
a s l a
aso plenty of servers area s l a
aused in the hierarchical
a salai
d d d d d
w .Pamanner. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 Name servers do the important task of searching the domain names.
i .Org Local Name server
 While searching, i rg
.O(provided i Orgdifferent name servers
.the i rg one of them
.Ountil .
alai
l a l a by ISP) ask
la l a
a s a a s a a s a a s a a s
d out your answer. Pad
Pafind Pad Pad Pad
w. w. w. w. w.
ww ww ww 101
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
da sala das
a l a s a l a sala s ala
a a ada ada ada
w.P P
w.Questions
Send Your w.P
& Answer Keys w.P
to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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a das a
a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
 At last it returns
.Org IP address for that rg name.
domain
.O .Org .Org
 Yours a l a i
s a la i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
a computer can now da
connect to the requested da
webpage stored on the webda
server. da
w Pad OF NAME SERVERS:
.TYPES w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 Root Name Server:
.Org
 Primary/Master
i i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a Name Server:
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
.Pa Secondary/Slave Name
w .Pa Server:
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w
ww ww ww ww ww
4. What is domain rg name space? Explain.
i . O i.Org i .Org i .Org .
DOMAIN
a sa l aNAME SPACE:
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d Paddesigned to achieve Pad d d
w .PaDomain name spacew.was w .hierarchical name space. w .Pa w .Pa
ww  In this, the names wware represented as a tree ww w
like structure with rootwelement on the top andwthis tree can
w
have a maximum . O rg of 128 levels starting . O rgfrom root element taking . O rg the level 0 to leveli.127. O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a s a lai.
 aIndadomain name space where ada the root element .isPpresent ada at the top most.P adai.e., level 0.
level ada
w . P . P . P
ww  The root elementwalways ww represents the NULL w
ww string (empty string). ww
w
ww
w
 The next levelg to the root element is node
. O r . O rg (children of root ielement).
.Org .Org
 Eachsa node i
la in the tree has a label s a l a i
and a domain name. s a l a s a l a i
s a lai.
a da da da da
w Pad
.Label: w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Labels are the names ww given to domains. ww ww ww

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w Send Yourw Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
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ww ww ww ww ww
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
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g rg .Org rg
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s la i the types of Fibre
s a
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ww ww ww and atwawhigh cost. ww
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i .OrgB.Ed. (C.S) i .Org i .Org J. ILAKKIA .OrgB.Ed. (C.S)
M.Sc., M.Phil.,
i .
a l a
[email protected]
a s a s a l a
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w .Pa Puducherry. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa Puducherry. w .Pa
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i .Org i .O rg i.Or
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w.P P
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
 ala i. i. alai
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Section - D
g g .Org
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la following questions:ala
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lia.Or(5
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s software b) Network
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i .Org Stallman formed i .OrgSoftware Foundation i
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 In 1991 Linus Torvalds developed Linux.
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Padasalai
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ww 1. Describe how E-Commerceww is related to ww ww
socio-technological changes. ww
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w . Semantic
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i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
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ww J. BASKARAN M.Sc., B.Ed. ww(C.S) ww wJ.wILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed.
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16. ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS
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s a l a i d) Bitcoin
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lai.
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ww ww ww ww ww
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rg cannot be used in
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s a l a i
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww iii. debit cards wwdo not need bank accounts ww ww ww
iv. debit cardsg and credit cards aregidentical in physical properties g g
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ww Answer the following
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1. Define electronic payment system
la .Org payment systemlaisi.Oa rfinancial
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i
g
arrangement
l a i rg
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intermediator
l a
a d asa of money-substitute
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asbetween a payer a
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sa
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a la i l a i l a i l ai lai.
d asMICRO ELECTRONICasaPAYMENT
d asaMACRO ELECTRONIC
d asa PAYMENT
d ada
sa
w .Pa Online payment wsystem.Pa designed to allow w .Pa  Macro electronic w .Papayment systems support
w.P
ww ww ww ww ww
efficient and frequent payments of small payments of higher value.
.O rg .O r g .Org .Org .
amounts.
a l a i a l a i a l a i al a i alai
d a s a s a s a s a s
.Pa The communication ad computational costs
.Pand
d
.Pa  The security requirements
.Pa
d
.Pa
d
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w w w w w
ww are minimizedww here to keep transaction wwcosts because of w w money transactions.ww
huge
very low. rg rg rg g
lai.O a i . O i.O i.Or lai.
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da
w w w w w
ww ● Hash chain basedwmicro w
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● Hash collisions
l a i .Org and hash sequences l a i .O rg micro electronic ipayment
based
l a .Org systems. l a i .Org lai.
s
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micro
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Pad
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w .●PaProbability basedwmicro w . w . w . w .
ww w electronic payment wwsystems. ww ww
i .Orgconcept of e-wallet i .Org i .Org i .Org .
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a s a l a the
a s a l a
a s a la
a s a l a
a salai
d d or electronic purses d ad Pad
w .PaElectronic wallets (e-wallets)
w .Pa w .Pa allow users to make w .Pelectronic transactions .quickly
w
ww and securely over wwthe Internet through smartphones
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i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg .
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ww 5. What is a fork w w
in cryptocurrency? w w ww ww
 Many cryptocurrencies
.Org operate on g basis of the same.Osource
.Orthe rg code, with few.Ominor rg changes in
s a l
parameters
a i
like time, date, s a la i
distribution of blocks, s
numbera l a i
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ww ww ww ww ww
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a s a l a both
a sa l a share a common transaction
a s a l a
a s a l a the split.
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ww ww ww Section-C ww ww
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Answer the following
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(3 Marks)
.
a s
1. aDefine
l a
a s l
a micro electronic payment a
a s l
a and its role in E-Commerce.
a a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa is an on-line payment
.P Micro Electronic Payment
w w .Pa system designedwto .Paallow efficient andwfrequent
.Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
payments of small amounts.
. O rg . O rg . O rg .O rg
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s l a i
E-Commerce:
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
dae-commerce payment
PaAn P da
asystem facilitates the.P ada
acceptance of electronic.P ada for online transaction.
payment P ada
w . w . w .
ww  E-commerce payment ww systems have become ww increasingly popular w ww
due to the widespread use ww
w
of internet-

la .Org and banking. lai.Org

based shopping
i l a i .Org l a i.Org lai.
s a
2. Compare and contrast the s a
credit card and debit sa
card. s a s a
da da da da da
w .Pa w
CREDIT.PaCARD w .Pa w .Pa CARD
DEBIT w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

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 Pay Later System  Pay Now System
i .Org i .Org i .Org .Org .
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a
l a
sacredit card issuer lends a s l a
amoney to customer asThe l a
a debit card deducts a s l ai
athe amount directlyasalai
d d Pad account. d
w .Pa with an agreed interest. w .Pa w .Pa from customer‟s w .bank w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 The bank account is not prerequisite for  The bank account is must for issuing a debit
i rg
.aOcredit i .Org i .Org i .Org .
issuing
a sa l a card.
a s a l a
a s
card.
a l a
a s al a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w.Pa
ww 3. Explain brieflywAnatomy w of a credit card. ww ww ww
 All Payment O rgcards are usually plasticOrg cards of size 85.60i.Ommrg width × 53.98 mm O g
rheight, rounded
a i.
l with a radius of 2.88 smm a i .
l to 3.48 mm and thickness a
l of 0.76 mm. l ai . lai.
s a
corners a s a s a s a
. P ada . P ada . P ada . P ada .P ada
ww  These standards ww
dimensions are maintained ww
universally in ww
accordance with ISO/IEC ww
7810#ID-1.
w w w w w
g g g g
a i.Or the stored value
4. Brieflylaexplain
a l a .Or and its types. lai.Or
icard a a l a i.Or a lai.
s
da value card is aPtype
 Stored s
da of debit card that P da s
is pre-loaded with certain da s
amount(value), daa
with which s
w .Pa w . a w . a w .Pa w .Pa
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a s a l a
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a s a l a
a s a la
a s a l a
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w .PaMoney is metaphorically w .Pa stored on the card w in.P
the w w .Pa
ww 2) Open loop (multipurpose) ww ww ww ww
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i.Ocards
g
i.Or debit transaction at variety
g
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g
i.
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as
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ww ww ww 124
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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 The cryptocurrency
.Org units are created.Org .Org
by the solution of cryptographic .Org
tasks called mining.
 The s a l a i
s a la i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da miners not only da
generate new monetary da
units, but also initiate new da
transactions to the da
w .Pablock chain. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 As a reward, they will receive new Bitcoins.
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a
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w w .Pa w .Pa
ww Answer the following ww questions: ww ww ww
(5 Marks)
1. What is icredit .Org card? Explain lthe i rg players of a credit
.Okey i rg payment systemi.O
.Ocard rg bring out the
and .
merits a sof
l a
a it. a sa a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .PaCredit card is an electronic w .Pa payment systemwenables .Pa the bearer to buywgoods .Pa or services from w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww a vendor,
based on the cardholder‟s promise to the card issuer to payback the value later with an agreed interest.
. O rg . O rg . O rg . O rg
Key Players
s a l a i In Operations Of
s a l a
Credit i Card
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
1.
P da
aBearer: Pada P ada P ada P ada
w . w . w . w . w .
ww  The holder of the wwcredit card account who wwis responsible for payment ww of invoices in full (transactor)
ww or
.O g .Org .Org .Org
a portion ofrthe balance (revolver) the rest accrues interest and carried forward.
s
2. Merchant:a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da da da da da
w .PaStorekeeper or vendor w .Pawho sell or providing w .Paservice, receiving w .Pa made by its customers
payment w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
through the credit card.
3. Acquirer: i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
 Merchant‟s
d bank that isaresponsible
d for receivingapayment
d on behalf of merchant
d send authorization d
w .Pa w .P w .P w .Pa w .Pa
ww requests to the issuingww bank through the w w
appropriate channels. ww ww
4. Credit CardrgNetwork: rg
i O
.the i .Othe i .Org i .Org .
 It acts
a s a l a
as intermediate between
a s a l a banks.
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d adtransaction between.P adacquirer and the credit d
w .PaThe Company responsible w .Pa for communicating w .Pthe w the w .Pacard
ww issuer. ww ww ww ww
 E.g. Visa, . O rg
MasterCard, Rupay i.Org . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da
5. aIssuer:
P P ada P ada P ada P ada
w . . . . .
ww  Bearer‟s bank, w wwissue the credit card,wset
that wwlimit of purchases, decides w
ww the approval of transactions, ww
w
issue invoices for payment, charges the g holders in case of defaultg and offer card-linked products such as
i . O rg i . O r i . O r i . O rg .
insurance, alaadditional cards and rewards ala plan. ala ala alai
a das ada
s
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s
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s
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i . rg transfer include
i .Org ECS (ElectroniclaiClearing
.Org . rg
Services), EFT O(Electronic
i
funds
.
s l a
a Real Time GrossaSettlement
transfers),
a s a l a system (RTGS) a s aetc. a s a l a
a salai
w Pad (Electronic Clearing
.ECS w
d
.PaServices) w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
ww ww ww ww ww
 Electronic Clearing Service can be defined as repeated transfer of funds from one bank account to
multiple a i .Orgaccounts or vice versa
bank a i rg computer and Internet
.Ousing a i .Org technology. lai.Org i.
sa
da
l sa l
da sa l sa sala
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to our email id - [email protected] w.P
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a a .Pa .Pa .Pa
w.P w.P w w w
ww ww w w ww ww
 Advantages .Orofg this system are bulk rg
.Opayments, guaranteed payments.Org Org
and no need to .remember payment
s
dates.a la i
s a la i
s a l a i
s a l a i
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w .PaECS credit is used for w .making . P w . P w . P
ww ww ww of amounts. ww ww
 ECS debit is used for bulk collection of amounts.
i .Org funds transfers)lai.Org i .Org i .Org .
a s a l a
EFT (Electronic
a s a a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .PaElectronic Funds Transfer w .Pa (EFT) is the “electronic w .Pa transfer” of moneywover .Pa an online network.w.Pa
ww  The amount sentwfrom w the sender‟s bankwbranch w is credited to theww receiver‟s bank branchwon w the same

.Org .Org .Org .Org

day in batches.
i i i .
 EFT a sis l a
a a widely used method a s l a
a moving funds fromaone
for s l a
a account to another in a s l
B2B a i
a business models. asalai
w Pad Time Gross Settlement
.Real w
d
.Pa system (RTGS) w.Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
ww ww ww ww ww
 Real Time Gross Settlement system (RTGS) is a payment system particularly used for the settlement of
. O g
rbetween . O rg especially banks. . O rg . O rg
transactions
s a l a i financial
s a l i
institutions,
a s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
daname indicates, RTGS
PaAs P
a
adtransactions adaat the real time. .Pada
are processed
P P ada
w . . . .
ww  RTGS paymentsware wwalso called as push paymentsww
w that are initiated (“triggered”)
ww
w by the payer.ww
w
 RTGS payments rg are generally large-value rg payments, i.e. high-volume rg transactions. rg
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w. Pa d
w .Pa
w w ww ww ww ww

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a) Internet banking
l i .Org is a collective lterm
 Internetabanking a i .Orforg E-banking, online .banking,
l a i Org virtual banking,
l a i rg banks, web
.Odirect lai.
a sa a s a a s a a s a a s a
d
banking and remote banking. d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Internet bankingwallows w customers of a financialww institution to conduct ww various financial transactions
ww on
a secure website g operated by the banking g institutions.
i O r
. fast and convenient i O r
. of performing anylabanking i .Org transactions. lai.Org .
 Thissis
a a laa very
a s a l a way
a s a a s a a s alai
d d d d through its website. d
w .PaIt enables customerswof.Paabank to conduct a wide w .Parange of financial transactions
w .Pa w .Pa
ww  In fact, it is like w w
a branch exclusively operating ww of an individual customer. ww ww
b) Mobile banking . O rg . O rg . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
 aMobile
da banking is another a of net banking. ada
adform ada ada
w . P w . P w . P . P .P
ww  The term mobileww banking ww
(also called m-banking) refers to the w ww provided by thewbank
services ww to the
customer to conduct banking transactions with the aid of mobile phones.
. O rg . O rg . O rg rg
.Oetc.
 These s a l a i
transactions include balance
s a l a i checking, account s l a i
transfers,
a payments, l
purchases,
s a a i
s a lai.
da da da da da
w .PaTransactions can bewdone .Pa at anytime and anywhere. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  The WAP protocol ww installed on a mobile wwphone helps the userwhave w
a permanent control ww over the
g rg own finances. g g
account and
ala i.Orremote management of ala i.Ohis ala i.Or ala i.Or i.
as as as s sala
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.
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.
ww w
J. BASKARAN M.Sc., B.Ed. (C.S)
w w w w
J. ILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed. (C.S)
r
[email protected]
.O g .O r g .O r g .Org
[email protected]
.
a l a i
Puducherry. a l a i a la i a l a i
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[email protected] w
 ala i. i. alai
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ww 4. What is cryptocurrency? ww Explain the same. w w ww ww
 A cryptocurrency
.Org is a unique virtual rg
.O(digital) asset designed .to g as a medium of exchange
Orwork .Org using
s a la
cryptographic
i
algorithm. s a la i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
ada
.PThis . P ada . P ada . P ada . P ada
w algorithm secures w w w w
ww ww the transactions bywrecordingw it in block chainwand controls the creation
w wwof
additional units of the currency.
 Cryptocurrencyi .Org is also called as lcryptocoins,
i .Org i .Orgcurrencies or virtual i Org
.currencies .
a s a l a
a s a a e-cash, alternative
a s a l a
a s a l a and
a s alai
ad classified as a subset
.Pare .Pofaddigital currencies. .Pad .Pa
d
.Pa
d
w w w w w
ww  Cryptocurrency can wwbe defined as distributed wwaccounting system based ww on cryptography, storing ww
information about
i . O rg the state of ownership i . O rg in conventional units. i .Org i .Org .
Bitcoin
a sa l a
a sa l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d ad d
w .PaThe term “cryptocurrency” w .Pa began to be used w .Pathe appearance of the
after w .PBitcoin. w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 Bitcoin was developed in 2009 and it is the most popular and the first decentralized cryptocurrency.
Altcoins lai.Or
g . O rg . O rg .O rg
s a s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da
PaAltcoins is the collective P da for all cryptocurrencies
aname P ada that appeared after P da
aBitcoin. P ada
w . w . w . w . w .
ww  The early Altcoins wwLitecoin and Namecoin wwappeared in 2011. ww ww
Blockchain rg
la i .O l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i.Org lai.
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s a are an open s a
distributed book that records
s a transactions of a
cryptocurrencies
s between anys a
ada ada ada ada ada
w.P two parties in an efficient w.P and verifiable manner. w.P w.P w.P
ww ww ww ww ww

Padasalai
5. Explain in i rg : Unified payments
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s
 Unified
a
la
a Payments Interface a s l a
a(UPI) is a real-time apayment
s a l a
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aby National Payments a s alai
d Pad to facilitate inter-bank d d d
w .PaCorporation of India w .(NCPI) w .Pa transactions. w.Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 It is simple, secure and instant payment facility.
g rg rg .Orgfunds instantly lai.
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 This ainterface
l a a l a i
the.OReserve Bank of a l a
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transferring
a i a
P a das
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P dasthrough mobile (platform)
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P a das P a das
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wwdeposits funds directly w. ww
. w.
ww  UPI withdraws wand wwfrom the bank accountwwhenever a transaction w iswrequested.
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be asrg
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and s a l a i
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s a l a s a lai.
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ww  UPI is developed
w w w w w
wwon the basis of Immediate ww Payment Service (IMPS). ww ww
 To initiate a transaction, UPI applications use two types of address - global and local.
 Global l a i .Org includes bank laccount
address a i .Org numbers and IFSC. l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .PaLocal address is a w .Pa payment address.w.Pa
virtual
w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Virtual paymentww address (VPA) also called ww as UPI-ID, is a unique ww ID enable us to sendwand w receive
money from
i .Orgmultiple banks andlaprepaid
i .Org payment issuers. i .Org i .Org .
 Bank a s l a
aor the financial institution
a s a allows the customer a s to l a
a generate VPA usingaphone s l a
a number associated a s alai
d ad d d d
w .Pawith Aadhaar number w .Pand bank account w .Pa
number. w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 VPA replaces bank account details thereby completely hides critical information.
rg
i.O(Mobile .OrgIdentification number) .Oisrg Org payment.
 The a MPIN
l a banking Personal
a l a i a la i required to confirm
a l a i.each
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1. In E-Commerce,
alai.Orcard is used to make ia.Opurchase
ala ala alai
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b) Confidentiality
a c) Fishing lai.O
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a alai.
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a also called as das das d a s
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a) Secure Electronic Transaction b) Certification Authority
g
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sc)
a la
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s a l a i d) Payment
s a l a i
Information s a l a i
s a lai.
PaTheda da ada da da
w .4. security w .Pa technology does w
authentication not.Pinclude w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

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i) Digital Signatures
i . O rg i . O rgii) Digital Time Stamps i .Org i .Org .
s
iii) Digital
a
l a
a Technology a s a l a s a l a
iv) Digital Certificates
a a s al a
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w .Pa a) i, ii & iv w .Pab) ii & iii w . w . w .
ww ww ww c) i, ii & iii ww d) all the above ww
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i .O i.Org i .Org i .Org .
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ww c) Private Good ww Privacy ww d) Private Good Person ww ww
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credit rgthe Internet . O rg
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i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
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1. Write aboutrg information leakage inrg E-Commerce.
i . O i . O i .Org i .Org .
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leakage of trade a
secrets s
in
l a
a E-Commerce mainlyaincludes
s a l a
two aspects: a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
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ww (a) The contentwofwthe transaction between wwthe vendor and customer wwis stolen by the third party;
ww
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(b) The idocuments provided by ithe. O g
rmerchant to the customer . O rg or vice versa are illegally
.O rg used by the
s a l a s a l a s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da da da da da
w .Paanother. .Pa
w .Pa w .Pa
w .Pa
w
ww  This intercepting wwand stealing of online documents
ww ww leakage
is called information ww
i .Orgnote on typopiracy.
2. Write alashort l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i.Org lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .PaTypopiracy is a variant
w .Paof Cyber Squatting. w.Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww

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 Some fake websites try to take advantage of users‟ common typographical errors in typing a website
g
.Ordirect .Orgwebsite. .Org .Org .
a
addressla i
and users to a a l a i
different a l a i al a i alai
d a s d a s d a s d a s d a s
w .PaSuch people try towtake .Pa advantage of somewpopular .Pa websites to w .Pa accidental trafficwfor
generate .Patheir
ww ww ww ww ww
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l a i .O l a i.Org l a i .Org lai.O
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w w.P that the signer who
w
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w w w signed the w
document cannot deny w
having signed
it. . O rg . Org . O rg . O rg
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
a
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w . w . P w w . P w .P
ww 4. List the different wwtypes of security technologies
ww in E-Commerce ww ww
.O rg .Org transactions are classified
.Org into .Org
The security
s a l a i technologies in E-Commerce
s a l ai
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
da technology.Pad
a da da da
w .●PaEncryption
w w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
● Authentication technology
i .Org protocols i .Org i .Org i .Org .
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a s a l a
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a s a l a
a salai
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w .5. about digitalw .Pa
signature. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
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g is a mechanism that
g is used to verify that agparticular digital document,
g message or
i .Or i .Or i .Or i.Or .
s a l
transaction
a
a is authentic. asa l a
a s a la
a s a l a
a s alai
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
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ww ww
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sa l a i
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s a lai.
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w Send w
Your Questions w to email id - w
[email protected] w
 ala i. i. alai
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ww ww w w w.P
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g (CA)
i .Or i .Or i .Org i .Org .
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a s l a
a certificates are issued a s l a
a recognized Certification
by a s l a
a Authorities (CA). asa l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  When someone w w
requests ww the authority verifies
a digital certificate, wwthe identity of the requester,
ww and if
the requester
i .Orgfulfills all requirements,i .Orgthe authority issues it.Org
i . i .Org .
a s l a
a E-Commerce Security a s l a
a Threats? a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d
2. aList some d d d d
w .P w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Informationwleakage w ww ww ww
rg
 Tampering rg rg rg
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al sala
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a Payment frauds .Pada ada ad a a d a s
w . w w.P w.P ww
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ww ww ww ww w
 Typopiracy
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i. asymmetric andalsymmetric
i. i.Org Org i.Org i.
sala
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das
ala
.P ada .P ada .P ada .P ada .P a
w ww ww Key Encryption
Symmetric
w www ww Key Encryption ww
Asymmetric
w w

Padasalai
 Same key risgused for both encryption
rg and  Different
rgkeys are used for encryption
rg and
a la i.O a l a i.O a l a i.O al ai.O lai.
as
ddecryption s asdecryption as sa
.Pa .P ada .Pa
d Pad ada
w  Speed of encryption w w w. w.P is
ww ww or decryption is very wwfast  Speed of wwencryption or decryption ww
i .Org i.Org i .Org
comparatively slow
i .Org .
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d ad are of same size .Pad The size of cipher.Ptext ad is always greater than d
w .Pa Plain text and cipher
w .Ptext w w w.Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
plain text.
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 Provides
s a a i
l confidentiality sal a i a l a i
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confidentiality,sauthenticity and s a lai.
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w w w non-repudiation w w
ww ww ww ww ww

l a i .Org l ai .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.

s a s a s a s a s a
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4. Write a note on PGP. da da da da
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Pretty Good Privacy ww ww
(PGP) is a decentralized ww
encryption program ww
that provides cryptographic
g rg .Org rg
i.Orauthentication for data
privacy and i.Ocommunication. i alai i.O .
a sala a sala
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.PaPGP encryption uses
d aa d combination of hashing,
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w w .P serial
w .Pa w .Pasymmetric-key cryptography
w .Pa
ww ww ww
and asymmetric-key cryptography. ww ww
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5. Explain 3D secure payment protocols
rg rg rg rg
lai.O is a secure payment
 3-DsaSecure s a lai.O protocol on thesaInternet,
lai.O developed bysaVisa
lai.O and adapted bysalai.
da da da da da
w .PaMasterCard. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 It gives a better
g authentication of the g holder of the payment card,
g during purchases madeg on websites.
i .Or i .Or i .Or i .Or .
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aauthentication model acomprise
a a 3 domains (hence
a s l a
athe name 3D) which are: a s a l a
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ww 1. The Acquirer ww Domain ww ww ww
i . rg Domain
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i.Org i .Org i .Org .
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a sa l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d 3. d Domain d d d
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. O rg . O rg Section - D
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s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
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Answer
P Pada P ada P ada (5 Marks) ada
w . w . w . w . w.P
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1. Write about dimensions of E-Commerce Security. ww ww ww
rg rg rg .Org
s a lai.O Conforming genuineness
● Authenticity:
sa lai.O of data shared.salai.O sa l a i ala i.
ada ada da ada das
w.●PAvailability: Prevention .Pa
w.P against data delay orwremoval. .P .Pa
ww ww ww www ww
w

Padasalai
● Completeness: Unification of all business information.
i. Org i. Org . Org .Or g .
sala
● Confidentiality:
a
Protecting data
a alai
salaagainst unauthorized sdisclosure.
a asa
l ai
a s alai
d d Pad d d
w .●PaEffectiveness: w .Pahandling of hardware,
Effective w .software and data. wP.a
w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
● Integrity: Prevention
g of the data beinggunaltered or modified. g
i .O r i.Or i .Or i .Org .
a l a
● Non-repudiation:
a s Prevention a s a l a
against violation agreement
a s l a
a after the deal. a s a l a
a s alai
d Pad Pad Pad Pad
w .●PaPrivacy: Prevention w . w . w . w .
ww ww of customers‟ personal wwdata being used by others. ww ww
● Reliability: Providing
rg rg
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w . w . w . w . w .
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 Encryption rg
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ww w w w w w w w.P
w w
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i.O or decryption process rg
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 Symmetric Key Encryption System
i .Org i .Org i .Org i.Org .
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 asAsymmetric
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ww 1) Symmetric KeywEncryption:
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 The Datai.O rg
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w .PaDES is the typicalwblock
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 The DES key is apparently 64 bits, but in fact the algorithm uses only 56.
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
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i.symmetric rg
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. . . . .
w ww ww
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g key and a public key.g
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a sa l
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a encryption method
a s l a
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18. ELECTRONIC
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wDATA
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INTERCHANGE- ww
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EDI
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i.O rg i.Org Section – A i.Org .Org
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ww 1. EDI stands for ww ww ww ww
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w . a) w . w . w . w .
ww 4. UNSM stands for? ww ww ww ww
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b) Universal
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a Nations Standard
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.5. w . Pad w . Pad w . Pad w .Pad
ww Which of the followingww is a type of EDI?ww ww ww
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ww 7. EDI interchangesww starts with ____ and ends wwwith ____ ww ww
a) UNA, UNZ rg b) UNB, UNZ rg c) UNA, rUNT g d) UNB, rg UNT
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8. EDIFACT.O rg for
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c) EDI for Administration, Commerce and Transport
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a s a a s a a
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9. The dare also called as Pad d d
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ww a) Message types ww b) Subsets ww c) Directories ww d) Foldersww

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.O rg
1. Defines a a i
lEDI. s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a lai.
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w  The Electronic Data w Interchange (EDI) isww the exchange of business w documents betweenwone w trade
ww ww w ww w
partner and another electronically.
2. List few la i .Org of business documents
types l a i .Orgthat are transmitted l a i rg
.Othrough EDI. l a i.Org lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
da da da da da
w .Pa Delivery Notes w.Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Invoices ww ww ww ww

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 Purchaserg
i .O i .Org i .Org i .Org .
l
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d d d d d
w .Pa Advance Ship Notice w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
 Functional Acknowledgements
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a s a a s a a s a a s a a s
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w w .Pforma w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
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 Communication rg software rg rg rg
a i . O a i . O a i . O a i . O lai.
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aWhat . P ada in EDIFACT? .Pada . P ada .P ada
w 4. is meant by w
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ww ww ww ww ww
 The versions of EDIFACT are also called as directories.
 These EDIFACT
l a i .Org directories will l a ibe rg
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.Oinclude new or update l a i Org EDIFACT lai.
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w.P w.P w.P w.P w.P
ww  EDIFACT directories ww have names like D.18B ww ww ww
5. Write a notergon EDIFACT subsets.rg
i .O i .O i .Org i .Org .
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a s a la have developed.asa l a
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d d d d d
w .PaThese subsets of EDIFACT w .Pa include only the w .Pa relevant to specific
functions w .Pauser groups. w .Pa
ww ww ww ww ww
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 a s a l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
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a s alai
.Pad EDIGAS - gas ad
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(3 Marks) s a
da da da da da
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww 1. Write a short note ww on EDI. ww ww ww
 The Electronic rg Data Interchangei.O (EDI)
rg is the exchangei.of business documents between
rg rg one trade
i . O O i . O .
partner
a s alaand another electronically.
a sala a s ala a s ala a s alai
d d d Paadpredefined formatwwithout d
w .PaIt is transferred through
w .Paa dedicated channel w Pathrough
.or the Internet
w .in .Pa
ww ww
much human intervention. ww ww ww
 It is usedi.to g
Ortransfer documents such .Oras g delivery notes, invoices, .Org purchase orders,laadvance .Org ship notice, lai.
l a
a acknowledgements a l a i a l a i a i a
P a das
functional
P a das etc. P a das P a das P a das
w. .
ww of EDI. w. w. w.
ww 2. List the variouswlayers ww ww ww
 Electronic data interchange architecture specifies four different layers namely,
. O rg . O rg . O rg .O rg
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s a l a i layer
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a i
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w . w . w . w . w .
ww  Transport layer ww ww ww ww
 Physicalrg
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layer
l a i .O l a i l a i l a i lai.
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da da adaAdministration, Commerce da ada/
w .PaUnited Nations / Electronic w .Pa Data Interchange w .Pfor w .Pa and w
Transport .P(UN
ww ww ww ww ww

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EDIFACT) is an international EDI - standard developed under the supervision of the United Nations.
 EDIFACT i rg
.Oincludes i .Org
a set of internationally agreed standards, i .Org catalogs and guidelines i .Org for electronic lai.
l a l a l a l a
a d asa of structured data
exchange a d sa
abetween d asa systems.
independentacomputer a dasa a d asa
w.P ww
.P
message. www
.P w.P w.P
ww 4. Write a note onwEDIFACT ww ww
 The basic standardization
rg concept ofrEDIFACTg is that there rare g uniform message .types rg called United
i . O i . O i . O i O .
a alaStandard Message (UNSM).
Nations
s a s ala a s ala a s ala a s alai
d d Pad deeper in theirw.characteristics
Pad d
w .PaIn so-called subsets,wthe .Pamessage types can bew.specified depending
w .Pona the
ww sector. ww ww ww ww
 The message . O rgtypes, all of which always . O rg have exactly one nickname . O rg consisting of sixi.Ouppercase
rg English
s a la i
s a l a i
s a l a i
s a l a s a lai.
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w . w . . . .
ww  The message begins ww with UNH and ends w wwUNT.
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w
ww
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i . O r i .Or marks that are used i rg
.Ostandard i .Org .
EDIFACT a l ahas the following l a
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ww w w
Character Usesww ww ww
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i .Org i .Org .
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d d ad d d
w .Pa Colon w: .Pa w
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ww ww ww ww ww
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(5 Marks) s a
da da da da da
w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww 1. Briefly explain w w
various types of EDI. ww ww ww
The types of EDI were constructed based on how EDI communication connections and the conversion
i .Org i .Org i .Org i .Org .
were organized.
a s a l a
a sa l a
a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
w PadTypes:
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d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
w .Pa
d
ww  Direct EDI/Point-to-Point:
ww ww ww ww
 It is also called rg as Point-to-Point iEDI.
i . O .Org various business i .O rg i rg
.Oindividually. .
 It establishes
a sa l a a direct connection
a sa l a between
a sa l a stakeholders and l
partners
a s a a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .PaThis type of EDI suits w .Ptoa larger businesses with w .Paalot of day to day businessw .Pa transactions. w .Pa
ww  EDI via VAN:ww ww ww ww
 EDI via VAN rg (Value Added Network) rg is where EDI documents rg are transferred i.with rg the support of
l a
thirdapartyi . Onetwork service l a i
providers. . O l a i . O l a O lai.
s s a s a s a s a
da businesses prefer
PaMany P da network model to P
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a
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w network technologies. w . w . w . w .
ww ww ww ww ww
 EDI via FTP/VPN, rg SFTP, FTPS: rg
 When la i . O
protocols like FTP/VPN, l a i O
.SFTP and FTPS are l a i
used.Orgfor exchange of EDI l a i rg
.Obased documentssalai.
s a s a s a s a
da ada it is called as EDI da ada da
w .Pathrough the Internetwor .PIntranet w .Pa via FTP/VPN, SFTP, w .PFTPS. w .Pa
ww  Web EDI Web w w EDI conducts EDIwusing
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 Mobile EDI:g
.Or .O rg .Ortog .Org it is called as lai.
 When l a i
smartphones or other such
l a i handheld devices are l a i
used transfer EDI a i
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l
a d asa EDI.
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w.P w.P considerably increase w.P ww
.P w.P
ww  Mobile EDI applications ww ww the speed of EDI w transactions. ww
.O g
r advantages of EDI? .Or g .Or g .Or g .
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a l a i a l a i a l a i alai
a s a s a s a s a s
.PaEDI was developedwto
d ad the problems inherent d d processing and inPother d
w .Psolve w .Pa in paper-based transaction
w .Pa w . a
ww forms of electronic ww communication. ww ww ww
 Implementing rg EDI system offersi.aOcompany
rg greater control over rg its supply chain iand rg
allow it to trade
l a i . O l a l a i . O l a . O lai.
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ww  The following are wwthe other advantages of wwEDI. ww ww
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l a i .Org service to endlausers i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
s a s a s a s a s a
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w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  Minimizing wwerrors ww ww ww
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i . O rg response times i.Org i .Org i .Org .
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a s l a of operations
a s a l a
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ww  Integrating ww w
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i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg i.O rg .
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l a i .Orgstructure of EDIFACT. la i .Org l a i .Org l a i .Org lai.
 EDIFACT
s a is a hierarchical s a
structure where the top s a
level is referred to as ans a
interchange, and lower s a
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ww  The messages consist ww of segments, whichwinwturn consist of composites. ww ww
Org is a data element.
 The finali.iteration i .Org i .Org i .Org .
Segment
a s l a
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a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d ad d d d
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ww  It contains the tags, ww tag names, requirements ww designator and repetitation ww field. ww
 The requirement
i .Org designator maylabe i rg
.Omandatory .Org (C).
(M) or conditional
i i .Org .
s a l a
EDI Interchange:
a a s a a s a l a
a s a l a
a s alai
d d d d d
w .PaInterchange is also called w .Pa as envelope. w .Pa w .Pa w .Pa
ww  The top level of wEDIFACT w ww
structure is Interchange. ww ww
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rmessages. . O rg .O rg
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l with UNB and ends with s a a i
l UNZ. s a l a i
s a l a i
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w w w ww w
ww  The basic standardization ww concept of EDIFACT ww is that there arew uniform message types called ww United

l a .Org Message (UNSM).

Nations Standard
i l a i .Org l a i .Org l a i.Org lai.
 In a s a
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ww  The message types, ww all of which always have ww exactly one nickname wwconsisting of six uppercase ww English

Padasalai
alphabets. rg
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a s a l a
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d
w .Pa
d
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a s a l a
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a s a l a
a s al a
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ww EDIFACT Elements: ww ww ww ww
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a i . O a i . O a i . O a i . O lai.
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a
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w . P
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w . P w . P w . P w .P
ww  EDIFACT punctuation ww marks that are used wwas standard separators.ww ww
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PREPARED BYlai.O
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sala s a l a
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ada
[email protected] .Pa
da
J. BASKARAN M.Sc., B.Ed. (C.S)
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da J. ILAKKIA M.Sc., M.Phil., B.Ed. (C.S)
[email protected] w.Pa
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ww Puducherry. w
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a s a l a
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ww ww ww ww ww
i .Org i .Org i .Org i.Org .
a s a l a
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a s a l a
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d d d d d
w .Pa w .Pa ****ALLwTHE .Pa BEST **** w.Pa w .Pa
ww ww ww 138
ww ww
i .Org i .O rg i.Or
g
i.O rg i.
da sala das
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w.P P
w.Questions
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& Answer Keys w.P
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