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Tutorial 7

This document is a tutorial for the MA 20004 course on Vector Calculus and Partial Differential Equations at the College of Engineering Pune for the academic year 2022-23. It contains a series of problems related to directional derivatives, divergence, gradient, and other vector calculus concepts, along with their answers. The tutorial is coordinated by Dr. C. M. Deshpande and includes various mathematical proofs and applications in physics.

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3 views

Tutorial 7

This document is a tutorial for the MA 20004 course on Vector Calculus and Partial Differential Equations at the College of Engineering Pune for the academic year 2022-23. It contains a series of problems related to directional derivatives, divergence, gradient, and other vector calculus concepts, along with their answers. The tutorial is coordinated by Dr. C. M. Deshpande and includes various mathematical proofs and applications in physics.

Uploaded by

suyog.tp22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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College of Engineering Pune

MA 20004 : Vector Calculus and Partial Differential Equations


S.Y. B.Tech. Semester IV (All Branches)
Academic Year: 2022-23
Tutorial 7
Coordinator: Dr. C. M. Deshpande

1. Find the directional derivative of f at P in the direction of a


where
2 2
√ + y ), P : (4, 0), a = i − j
(a) f = ln(x
Ans: 1/2 2
(b) f = xyz, P : (−1, 1, 3), a = i − 2j + 2k
Ans: 7/3

2. Let f = xy − yz, v = [2y, 2z, 4x + z], w = [3z 2, 2x2 − y 2, y 2].


Find
(a) div(grad f) (b) grad(div w) (c) div(curlv) (d) Dw f at (1,1,0) (e)
[(curl v) × w] · w

3. Prove the following:


(i) (u · v)′ = u′ · v + u · v′ Hence prove that a non zero vector
of constant length is perpendicular to its derivative.
(ii) (u × v)′ = u′ × v + u × v′

4. For f = x2 − y 2 and g = ex+y , verify div (f ∇g)−div (g∇f ) =


f ∇2g − g∇2f .

5. Find the direction and magnitude of the force in an electrostatic


field f at the point P :
f = ln(x2 + √ y 2); P (4, 2)
Ans: [2/5, 1/5], 5/5
f = 2x2 + 4y 2 + 9z√2
; P (−1, 2, −4)
Ans: [−4, 16, −72], 1/ 341[−4, 16, −72]

6. For what points P (x, y, z) does gradient of f = 25x2 +9y 2 +16z 2


have the direction from P to origin?
Ans: Points along the coordinate axes

2 2
7. The flow of heat in a temperature field T = ex −y sin 2xy takes
place in the direction of maximum decrease of temperature T .
Find the direction of the flow in general and at the point P (1, 1).
Ans: -grad(T) and -grad(T) at P

8. Find the unit normal vector for the surface x2 + y 2 + 2z 2 = 26


at the point P (2, 2, 3). Also find the equation of tangent plane
and normal
√ line through that point.
Ans: 1/ 11[1, 1, 3], x + y + 3z = 13, r = [2 + t, 2 + t, 3 + 3t]

9. If on a mountain the elevation above sea level is z(x, y) =


1500 − 3x2 − 5y 2[meters], what is the direction of steepest as-
cent at P (−0.2, 0.1)?
Ans: Ans: [1.2, −1]

10. What is the directional derivative of f = xy 2 + yz 3 at the point


(2, −1, 1) in the direction of the normal to the surface (x ln z) −

2
y 2 = −4 √
at (-1,2,1)?
Ans: 15/ 17
11. Find the angle between the surfaces x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 and z =
x2 + y 2 − 3 at √
the point (2,-1,2).
Ans: cos−1(1/ 6)
12. Find divv and its value at P:
v = [0, sinx2yz, cosxy 2z], P (1, 1/2, −π)
(i) √
Ans: 2/8
(ii) v = (x2 + y 2 + z 2)−3/2[−x, −y, −z]
Ans: 0

13. Find v3 such that divv is greater than zero everywhere if v =


[x, y, v3]
Ans: v3 = kz, k > −2

14. Find potential field f for given v or state that v has no potential.
(a) [xy, 2xy, 0] (b) [x2 − yz, y 2 − zx, z 2 − xy]
Ans: No potential, f = (x3 + y 3 + z 3)/3 − xyz + c

15. If u and v are irrotational, then show that u × v is incompress-


ible.
16. Plot the the given velocity field of a fluid flow in a square cen-
tered at the origin. Recall that the divergence measures out-
flow minus inflow. By looking at the flow near the sides of the
square, can you see whether div v must be positive or negative
or zero?

3
(a) v = xi (b) v = xi + yj (c) v = xi − yj

17. The velocity vector v(x, y, z) of an incompressible fluid rotat-


ing in a cylindrical vessel is of the form v = w × r, where w is
the constant rotation vector. Show that div v = 0.

18. The velocity vector v = [x, y, −z] of a fluid motion is given. Is


the flow irrotational? Incompressible?
Ans: Yes, No

19. Find the values of the constants a,b,c so that the directional
derivative of f = axy 2 + byz + cz 2x3 at (1,2,-1) has a maxi-
mum of magnitude 64 in a direction parallel to z-axis.
Ans: -6, -24, 8 or 6, 24, -8
20. Find the directional derivative of f = e2x cos(yz) at (0,0,0) in the
direction of tangent to the curve x = a sin t, y = a cos t, z =
at at t = π/4.
Ans: 1
21. In what directions is the derivative of f (x, y) = (x2 − y 2)/(x2 +
y 2) at P (1, 1) equal to zero?
Ans: [1, 1]
22. Is there a direction u in which the rate of change of f (x, y) =
x2 − 3xy + 4y 2 at P (1, 2) equals 14 ? Give reasons to your
answer. √
Ans: No since directional derivative can be at most 185
23. The√derivative of f (x, y) at point P0(1, 2) in the direction of i+j
is 2 2 and in the direction of −2j is -3. What is derivative of f
4
in the direction
√ of −i − 2j?
Ans: −7/ 5
24. We know that the gradient of differentiable function of two
variables at a point is always normal to the function’s level
curve through that point. Further, the line through a point
P0(x0, y0) normal(perpendicular) to a vector Ai + Bj has the
equation A(x − x0) + B(y − y0) = 0. Using these facts, find an
2
equation for the tangent to the ellipse x4 + y 2 = 2 at the point
(-2,1).
Ans: 2y − x = 4
25. A differentiable scalar field f has at the point (1, 2), directional
derivative +2 in the direction toward (2, 2) and -2 in the di-
rection toward (1, 1). Determine the gradient vector at (1, 2)
and compute the directional derivative in the direction toward
(4, 6).
Ans: [2, 2],14/5

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