CSE 331: MICROPROCESSOR
INTERFACING & Embedded Systems
Lecture 1: Introduction to Microprocessor#1
OUTLINE
❑Course Description
❖Book, Labs, Equipment
❖Grading Criteria
❖Expectations/Responsibilities
❖Prerequisites
❑Microprocessor
❑History
❑Basics
FACULTY
• Faculty : Syed Mahmud Husain
• Faculty initial: smh2
• Email:
[email protected] /
[email protected]• Mobile: 01997432836
• Office Hr: 2.30-3.30pm RA days (Appointment basis)
TEXTBOOK AND REFERENCE
• T ext book: Yifeng Zhu, Embedded Systems with ARM Cortex-M
Microcontrollers in Assembly Language and C: Third Edition, E-Man
Press, LLC, ISBN-13: 9780982692660, 2017
• Refer ence books: Joseph Yiu, The definitive guide to ARM®
Cortex®- M3 and Cortex®-M4 Processors, Third edition, ISBN-13:
9780124080829, 2014
• Jonathan W. Valvano, Real-Time Interfacing to ARM® CortexTM-M
Microcontrollers, Volume 2 Third edition, ISBN-13: 978-1463590154,
2013
WHAT IS A
MICROPROCESSOR?
• Microprocessor is a Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip.
• It contains billions of transistors connected by wires.
ELECTRICAL NUMERICAL
INTEGRATOR AND CALCULATOR
ENIAC
❑ Designed for the U.S.Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory
❑ Built out of
❑ 17,468 vacuum tubes
❑ 7,200 cr ystal diodes
❑ 1,500 relays
❑ 70,000 resistors
❑ 10,000 capacitors •
❑ Consumed 150 kW of power •
❑ Took up 72 sq m.
❑ Weighted 27 tons •
❑ Suffered a failure on average every 6 hours
FIRST TRANSISTOR INVENTED IN 1947
❑Created by a team lead by
❑William Shockley at Bell Labs
❑Shockley later shared the
❑Noble prize in physics
❑Shockley semiconductors was
❑founded in Palo Alto in 1955
❑In 1957 Bob Noyce, Gordon Moore,
and 6 others (“Traitorous Eight”) leave
to found Fairchild semiconductor
FIRST INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)
INVENTED IN 1959
• Proposed independently by Bob Noyce at Fairchild and Jack Kilby at
Texas Instruments
• In 1968 Noyce and Moore left Fairchild to found Intel
• First IC contained a single transistor and supporting components
The first working integrated
circuit (1.6 × 11.1 mm)
Image:TI
FIRST COMMERCIAL PROCESSOR BY
INTEL: 4004
• Intel Introduced the 4004 in 1971
• 4004 contained 2,300 transistors
• Similar processing power as ENIAC
Image: Intel Image: Intel
IBM INTRODUCED A PERSONAL
COMPUTER IN 1981
• First IBM computed used the Intel 8088 processor
• 8088 contained 29,000 transistors •
• Used Operating System (MS-DOS) designed by Microsoft
Image: Intel
Image: Intel
MICROPROCESSOR EVOLUTION
• Human hair- 100 µm across
• 4004 transistors- 10 µm across
• Pentium 4 transistors- 0.13 µm across
• Core2Duo- 65 nm (0.065nm) across
• Latest i7- 10nm across, AMD Ryzen4 5nm
• Future cores (2024)- 3nm across
COMPUTER COMPONENTS
• Microprocessor/Microcontroller — performs all computations
• Cache (On Chip) — fast memory which holds current data and
program
• Main memory (Off Chip) — larger DRAM memory contains more
data
• Chipset — controls communication between components
• Motherboard/Development Board — circuit board which holds all
the above components
• Peripherals — controls added computer accessories
• Displays- 7Segments, LCD, LED
CPU AND MEMORY EVOLUTION
More no. of cores
EN D OF CLA SS
