SECTIONS OF SOLIDS

ONE OF ENGINEERING APPLICATIONOF

PROJECTION OF SOLIDS IS SECTION OF
SOLIDS.
•Hidden features of an object are shown using
dotted lines in their projected views
•When there are too many hidden features, it
becomes difficult to visualize the object
•In such cases one usually shows a sectioned view
of the solid –the view obtained by virtually cutting the
solid by a plane called the section (cutting) plane
and removing the part between the observer and the
plane
 SECTIONING A SOLID. The action of cutting is called
An object ( here a solid ) is cut by SECTIONING a solid
some imaginary cutting plane &
to understand internal details of that object. The plane of cutting is called
SECTION PLANE.
Two cutting actions means section planes are recommended.

OBSERVER

A) Section Plane perpendicular to Vp and inclined to Hp. ASSUME

UPPER PART
( This is a definition of an Aux. Inclined Plane i.e. A.I.P.) REMOVED

NOTE:- This section plane appears (A)

as a straight line in FV.

B) Section Plane perpendicular to Hp and inclined to Vp.

( This is a definition of an Aux. Vertical Plane i.e. A.V.P.)
NOTE:- This section plane appears (B)
as a straight line in TV.
Remember:-
1. After launching a section plane ASSUME
LOWER PART
either in FV or TV, the part towards observer REMOVED
OBSERVER
is assumed to be removed.
2. As far as possible the smaller part is
assumed to be removed.
 For TV
ILLUSTRATION SHOWING
IMPORTANT TERMS
IN SECTIONING.

SECTION
PLANE

TRUE SHAPE
Of SECTION

x y

Apparent Shape
of section
SECTION LINES
(450 to XY)

SECTIONALT.V.
Typical Section Planes
&
Typical Shapes
Of
Sections. Section Plane Ellipse
Section PlaneTriangle Through Generators
Through Apex

Section Plane Parallel Section Plane Hyperbola

to end generator. Parallel to Axis.

Ellipse Trapezium

Cylinder through Sq. Pyramid through

generators. all slant edges
Q 1: A square pyramid, base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long, has its base on the HP and all the
edges of the base equally inclined to the VP. It is cut by a section plane, perpendicular to the VP,
inclined at 45º to the HP and bisecting the axis. Draw its sectional top view, sectional side view
and true shape of the section.

X1
21 31
o’ o”

41 3”
3’
4” 2”
11
2’ 4’

1’
b’ d’ 1”
X Y
a’ 45º c’
d d” a”c” b”
4

1
a o 3
c

b
Y1
Q 2: A pentagonal pyramid , base 30mm side and axis 60 mm long is lying on one of its triangular faces on
the HP with the axis parallel to the VP. A vertical section plane, whose HT bisects the top view of the axis and
makes an angle of 30º with the reference line, cuts the pyramid removing its top part. Draw the top view,
sectional front view and true shape of the section and development of the surface of the remaining portion of
the pyramid. o’
a’

6’
60

b’e’ 1’

5’ 2’
a’ b’e’ c’d’ o’
X Y
b c’d’ b1 4’ 3’

c c1
2
a1 o1
o 1 3
30

a
4 31’
d1 6 21’
d 5 41’
e e1
11’
51’

61’
Q 3: A Hexagonal prism has a face on the H.P. and the axis parallel to the V.P. It is cut by a vertical section
plane the H.T. of which makes an angle of 45 with XY and which cuts the axis at a point 20 mm from one of
its ends. Draw its sectional front view and the true shape of the section. Side of base 25 mm long height
65mm.
a’ b’ c’
f’ e’ d’

6’ 7’
a’f’ a’f’
65

1’
5’
b’e’ b’e’
2’

X a’ b’ c’
c’d’ c’d’ Y
4’ 3’
f’ e’ d’
b b1 b1
1 2
a c 37
a 1c 1
a1c1
25

Y1
4 6
f1 d1 f1d1
f d 20 31’ 21’
e1 e1
e
5 11’
41’

71’

X1
51’
61’
Q 4: A Cone base 75 mm diameter and axis 80 mm long is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by a section
plane perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 45º to the H.P. and cutting the axis at a point 35 mm from the
apex. Draw the front view, sectional top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section.

X1

o’ o”

35
g”
g’ f” h”
f’
e’ h’ i”
e”
d’ i’
j’ d” j”
c’ c” k”
k’

b’ b” l”
a’ l’
a”
2 3 4 5 6 Y
X 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 4” 5” 6” 7” 8” 9”10”
3” 2” 1” 12” 11”
4
3 5
2 c
d
6
b e
f
a
o g
1 7
h

l i
12 k j 8

11 9
10 Y1
Q5: A hexagonal pyramid, base 30 mm side and axis 65 mm long is resting on its base on the
HP, with two edges of the base parallel to the VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to
VP and inclined at 45º to the HP, intersecting the axis at a point 25 mm above the base. Draw
the front view, sectional top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section.

51
41
61
X2
Y1
31 o”
71 o’

11 21

4’ 4”
3’5’ 65 3” 5”
X1
2’6’ 2” 6”
25
1’7’
a’ b’f’ c’e’ d’ b” 1” a” 7” f”
c” d” e”
b 2 c

1 3

a 4 d
o
7 5
6 e
f
Y2