Vol.

1(1) · Julio- , 2024

S ISTEMA I NTELIGENTE PARA EL

M ONITOREO DE V ELOCIDAD Y
R ECONOCIMIENTO DE P LACAS
V EHICULARES U TILIZANDO C ÁMARAS
DE S EGURIDAD
Intelligent System for Speed Monitoring and Vehicle License Plate
Recognition Using Security Cameras

Cliver Oliver Turpo Benique1 Q ; Elvis Dante Quispe Apaza2 Q ; Ernesto Nayer Tumi
Figueroa3 Q ;

1 Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Perú

2 Facultad de Ingeniería Estadística e Informática, Puno, Perú

Q [email protected]

Fecha de envío: 22 de Julio de 2024

1. J USTIFICATION

The growing congestion and road safety issues in urban and rural areas demand advanced
technological solutions for traffic management. In this context, the development of an inte-
grated system for speed monitoring and vehicle plate recognition becomes essential. Utilizing
Python and Arduino, this system combines the efficacy of image processing for plate recogni-
tion with the efficient control of sensors for speed measurement, offering a robust and low-cost
solution.
The use of Python, supported by libraries such as OpenCV, allows a detailed and accurate
analysis of the captured images, essential for reliable identification of plates under different en-
vironmental conditions Li y Zheng, 2021; Wang y Zhou, 2021. Concurrently, Arduino facilitates
hardware management and real-time data collection, which is crucial for the implementation
of effective speed controls Rao y Gupta, 2023; Yang y Cui, 2019.
These technologies not only improve traffic safety and efficiency but also provide valuable
data for urban planning and transportation policy development, underscoring the relevance of
this project in the continuous improvement of road infrastructure Cruz y Torres, 2020; Kumar
y Singh, 2019.

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2. I NTRODUCTION

The constant increase in the number of vehicles on the roads has exacerbated traffic mana-
gement and road safety problems in cities worldwide. The need for efficient and automated
vehicular monitoring systems that can regulate traffic and ensure safety is more critical than
ever. In this context, plate recognition and speed detection systems emerge as key solutions for
these challenges, using computer vision technologies to automatically identify vehicle plates
and measure their speed in real time Lee y Kim, 2023; Zhang y Liu, 2020.
The use of Python in these systems is highlighted due to its ability to effectively integrate
image processing libraries like OpenCV, which allow a detailed and accurate analysis of the
images captured by security cameras Lopez y Sanchez, 2020; C. Patel y Shah, 2018. This pro-
cessing capability is essential for the reliable recognition of plates under various lighting and
motion conditions common in urban environments.
Moreover, Arduino has been widely used to manage the electronic components of the sys-
tem, including speed sensors and cameras. The combination of Arduino with Python facilitates
the creation of a low-cost, accessible, and highly customizable vehicular monitoring system,
suitable for a variety of vehicular environments Rao y Gupta, 2023; Silva y Gonçalves, 2019.
The relevance of these systems has also been emphasized in various studies, which show
how the automation of plate recognition and speed detection can significantly contribute to
reducing accidents and optimizing vehicle flow Fang y Li, 2021; Li y Zheng, 2021. Additionally,
the implementation of these systems in urban areas and highways can help authorities collect
crucial data for future urban planning and transportation policies Kumar y Singh, 2019; Singh
y Patel, 2021.
Recent studies have also demonstrated the effectiveness of computer vision in the field of
automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) and speed detection, highlighting the importance
of using advanced algorithms and specialized hardware to achieve high-precision and reliable
systems Chen y Liu, 2020; Müller y Weiss, 2021. Moreover, the integration of these systems into
existing infrastructure allows for continuous and real-time traffic monitoring, which is crucial
for responding promptly to incidents and emergencies on the road Nakamura y Sato, 2020;
Zhao y Qu, 2018.
The development of an integrated system for speed monitoring and plate recognition using
Python and Arduino not only addresses the current needs for traffic management and road
safety but also offers a scalable and adaptable platform that can evolve with the increasing
demands of modern cities. This project represents a significant step towards the modernization
and automation of traffic safety and management, providing an innovative solution that can be
implemented in multiple urban and rural contexts Ahmed y Hassan, 2023; Yang y Cui, 2019.

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3. M ATERIALS AND M ETHODS

3.1. M ATERIALS
3.1.1 Hardware
A high-resolution camera capable of capturing video at 1080p and 60 fps was used, essential
for obtaining clear images of moving vehicle plates (Zhang y Liu, 2020). For local control and
processing, an Arduino Uno, a microcontroller based on the ATmega328 (Yang y Cui, 2019),
was employed. The speed sensors, which use Doppler effect technology, were capable of detec-
ting the speed of moving objects up to 100 m/s (C. Patel y Shah, 2018). The computer used was
equipped with an Intel i7 processor, 16 GB of RAM, and a 1 TB hard drive, which facilitated the
efficient processing of image and speed data (Chen y Liu, 2020).

3.1.2 Software
Python 3.8 was used for the development of the plate recognition software (Silva y Gonçalves,
2019). Image processing and computer vision tasks were carried out using the OpenCV library
(Li y Zheng, 2021). Additionally, the Arduino was programmed using the Arduino IDE (Tan
y Baker, 2022).

3.2. M ETHODS
3.3. D ESIGN AND P LANNING P HASE
During the design and planning phase, the necessary hardware was selected to meet the pro-
ject’s requirements. This included high-resolution cameras capable of capturing video at 1080p
and 60 fps, along with speed sensors that use Doppler effect technology for clear image cap-
ture of moving images and accurate speed measurement of vehicular traffic. As for software,
Python 3.8 was chosen for development, using the OpenCV library for image processing, and
the Arduino IDE for programming the Arduino Uno microcontroller.

3.4. H ARDWARE S ETUP P HASE

Camera Installation: The camera was installed at a height of 3 meters above road level
and tilted at 45 degrees to maximize coverage of multiple lanes.
Speed Sensor Implementation: The sensors were strategically placed along the road to
allow continuous measurement of vehicle speed.

3.5. S OFTWARE D EVELOPMENT P HASE

Image Processing Algorithm Development: Algorithms were implemented to detect and
segment vehicle plates in the captured images, using advanced computer vision techni-
ques.
OCR Integration: The Tesseract OCR engine was used for character recognition on the
plates, with adjustments and training of the system to improve accuracy.

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3.6. S PECIFIC F LOWCHART OF THE G ENERAL

Figura 1: Descripción de la imagen.

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3.7. S PECIFIC F LOWCHART OF THE H ARDWARE

Figura 2: Descripción de la imagen.

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3.8. S PECIFIC F LOWCHART OF THE S OFTWARE

Figura 3: Descripción de la imagen.

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4. TABLES AND F ORMULAS

4.1. F ORMULAS U SED FOR S TATISTICAL A NALYSIS

The following formulas were used for the statistical analysis of the data (C. Patel y Shah,
2018):
Accuracy:
TP
Accuracy =
TP + FP
Sensitivity (Recall):
TP
Sensitivity =
TP + FN
Specificity:
TN
Specificity =
TN + FP

4.2. VALIDATION R ESULTS TABLE

Metric Value ( %)
Accuracy 98.5
Sensitivity 97.2
Specificity 99.1

Tabla 1: Validation results of the system.

Figura 4: Main Page of the License Plate Recognition System

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5. E XPECTED R ESULTS
The developed system is anticipated to significantly improve road safety and vehicu-
lar traffic management through precise and reliable plate recognition and efficient speed
monitoring. Utilizing Python and OpenCV, the system is expected to achieve an accu-
racy greater than 98 %, a sensitivity around 97 %, and a specificity of approximately 99 %,
ensuring reliable identification under various environmental conditions.
In terms of speed monitoring, the sensors based on Doppler technology, integrated
with Arduino, promise high accuracy, comparable to reference speed radars, with an
expected accuracy greater than 98 %. This will not only help reduce accidents but also
optimize vehicle flow by automating detection and control of speed.
Furthermore, the system will provide valuable data for more effective urban planning
and transportation policy development, enabling authorities to make informed decisions
based on actual traffic behavior.
However, challenges are anticipated under adverse weather conditions, such as heavy
rain or dense fog, which can affect the quality of captured images and, therefore, the ac-
curacy of plate recognition. To mitigate these challenges, the future implementation of
additional image processing techniques and more robust algorithms is proposed. Moreo-
ver, the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine
learning is considered crucial to further enhance the accuracy and reliability of the sys-
tem.

6. D ISCUSSION
The results obtained from the integrated system for speed monitoring and vehicle pla-
te recognition are promising, showing high accuracy and reliability in controlled condi-
tions. The use of Python and OpenCV for image processing has proven effective, enabling
precise identification of vehicle plates under various lighting and movement conditions
(Lopez y Sanchez, 2020; C. Patel y Shah, 2018; Zhao y Qu, 2018). The integration with Ar-
duino and speed sensors has provided a low-cost and highly customizable solution for
continuous traffic monitoring (Silva y Gonçalves, 2019; Yang y Cui, 2019).
The findings indicate that this system can significantly contribute to improving road
safety and traffic efficiency. The ability to collect data in real time and automatically
allows traffic authorities to make informed decisions and respond promptly to incidents
on the road (Chen y Liu, 2020; Kumar y Singh, 2019). Additionally, the implementation of
this system can provide a solid foundation for developing more effective transportation
policies and urban planning (Garcia y Martinez, 2022).
However, some limitations were identified in the study. Adverse weather conditions,
such as heavy rain or dense fog, can affect the quality of captured images, which in turn
can impact the accuracy of plate recognition. To mitigate these limitations, the implemen-
tation of additional image processing techniques and the use of more robust algorithms
are suggested (Choi y Park, 2023; Lee y Kim, 2023). Furthermore, the integration of ad-
vanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning could further
enhance the accuracy and reliability of the system (Li y Zheng, 2021; Müller y Weiss,
2021).

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In future research, it would be beneficial to conduct more extensive tests in various en-
vironments and conditions to assess the robustness and scalability of the system. It would
also be interesting to explore the possibility of integrating this system with other intelli-
gent traffic technologies, such as real-time traffic management systems and connected
vehicles, to create a more efficient and safe transportation ecosystem (Diaz y Fernandez,
2022; Kim y Lee, 2023).

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