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Introduction To Industrial Engineering and Management

The document outlines the fundamentals of Industrial Engineering, including its definition, historical development, and key contributions from notable figures such as Frederick Taylor and Adam Smith. It emphasizes the objectives of increasing productivity, eliminating waste, and improving resource utilization. Additionally, it details the functions and roles of industrial engineers in problem-solving, decision-making, and various service sectors.

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jagat bhusal
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16 views19 pages

Introduction To Industrial Engineering and Management

The document outlines the fundamentals of Industrial Engineering, including its definition, historical development, and key contributions from notable figures such as Frederick Taylor and Adam Smith. It emphasizes the objectives of increasing productivity, eliminating waste, and improving resource utilization. Additionally, it details the functions and roles of industrial engineers in problem-solving, decision-making, and various service sectors.

Uploaded by

jagat bhusal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Course outline
Unit 1 Industrial Engineering [2 hrs]
1.1 Definition and evolution of industrial engineering
1.2 Functions of industrial engineering: problem solving
and decision making
1.3 Broad functional areas of industrial engineering

2
1. Definition and evolution of industrial engineering
Industrial Engineering is concerned with the design,
improvement and installation of integrated system of
people, materials, equipment and energy. It draws upon
specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical,
physical and social sciences together with the principles and
method of engineering analysis and design, predict and
evaluate the results obtained from such systems.

The prime objective of industrial engineering is;


1. To increase the productivity.
2. Eliminating waste and non-value added activities.
3. Improving the effective utilization of resources.

3
1.Historical development
It is linked with industrial revolution and passed
through many phases to reach present advanced
stage.
• Frederick Taylor is named as father of scientific
management and industrial engineering. But
before Frederick Taylor, Adam Smith gave concept
of Division of Labour through his book The
Wealth of Nations.

• Also James Watt, Boultin Mathew and Robinson


obtained a place in the history of Industrial
Engineering because of their work related with
improvements in the performance of machines
and industries.
4
1.Historical development
Period between 1882-1912 was the critical
period in the history of Industrial Engineering.
Important works during this period are;

• Factory system, Owner, Engineer and Manager


concept.
• Equal work, equal pay and incentives.
• Scheduling and Gantt Charts.
• Engineers interest in cost control and
accounting.

5
1.Historical development

Operations
Handicraft Industrial Scientific Research/
Era Revolution Management Computerized
System

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

Colonial
Automation
Expansion
Expansion
Expansion
Industrial

Financial

6
1.Historical development
TRANSPORTATION
• Before the Industrial Revolution, people relied on the horse
and their own feet to get around.
• With the invention of the steam locomotive, transportation took
a huge step forward.
• The first two major railroad companies were the Union
Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads.

An original steam engine 7


1.Historical development
TEXTILES
• With the invention of the
spinning jenny and the
power loom, the textile
industry took off.
• Clothes could now be
made far faster than
ever before.
• The spinning wheel was
the first invention, but it
was very slow.
• Threads were spun one
at a time, by hand.
SPINNING WHEEL

8
1.Historical development
AGRICULTURE
• Advances in agriculture
were also made.
• The invention of the seed
drill allowed farmers to
plant many more seeds
much more quickly.
• The reaper allowed
farmers to harvest their
crops more efficiently.
• More crops could now
be grown feeding an
increasing population.
THE SEED DRILL

9
1.Historical development

THE ELECTRIC LIGHT


• Can you imagine what life
would be like without the
electric light?
• Thomas Edison invented
the electric light.
• Thomas Edison also
invented many other
things, like the
phonograph.

THOMAS EDISON

10
1.Historical development
AUTOMOBILE AIRPLANE

• Henry Ford invented the first practical car, • The Wright brothers were the first men to
the Model T. successfully fly an airplane.
• The car had been invented earlier, but Ford • The flight lasted only twelve seconds, but it
was the first to make the car affordable.
proved men could fly.
11
1.Historical development
Contributions to Industrial Engineering
1. Adam Smith (1776): through his book titled
Wealth of Nations laid foundation to scientific
manufacturing. Through his concept of division
of labour which included the skill development,
time savings and the use of specialized machine
was able to influence.
2. James Watt (1864): Steam Engine advanced the
use of mechanical power to increase
productivity.
3. Charles Babbage worked on the same line as
Adam Smith.

12
1.Historical development
Contributions to Industrial Engineering
4. Frederick Taylor (1859-1915): was a mechanical
engineer and initiated investigations of better work
methods and develop an integrated theory of
management principles and methodologies. He
proposed following actions;

• Data Collection and standards for workers.


• Scientifically training of workers.
• Cooperation between management and labour
for better production.
• Divide work between management and labour
and assigning to those who are best suited.
13
1.Historical development
Contributions to Industrial Engineering

5. Henry L. Gantt (1893): His contributions are;


• Work in the area of motivation field, development of
task and bonus plan.
• Measurement of management results by Gantt Charts.
• Recognition of social responsibility of business and
industry.
• Advocated training of workers by management.

6. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (1917): developed method


study as a tool for work analysis.
• He developed micro-motion study, a breakdown of
work into fundamental elements called therbligs.
14
1.Historical development
Contributions to Industrial Engineering

7. Harrington Emerson(1913): Developed his managerial


concepts simultaneously with Taylor, Gantt and
Gilbreth.
• Amongst his contributions is the Emerson’s Efficiency
Bonus Plan, an incentive plan which guarantees the
base day rate and pays a graduated bonus.

8. L.H.C Tippet (1937): Developed the concept of work


sampling to determine the equipment and manpower
utilization and setting performance standards for long
cycle, heterogeneous jobs involving team work.

15
1.2 Functions of industrial engineering:
problem solving and decision making
Industrial Engineering Approach

At problem identification/definition stage following


steps must be taken;
1 All the facts about the operation are collected
and recorded using various recording techniques
like charts, diagrams or models.
2 Critical Examination of all facts by asking series of
questions.
3 Alternative ways are found by techniques like
brainstorming.
4 based upon the criteria fixed for evaluation, the
best alternative is selected.
16
Role of Industrial Engineer
1. Advisor
2. Advocator
3. Analyst
4. Motivator
5. Decision maker
6. Designer/Planner
7. Coordinator
8. Trainer/Educator
17
Industrial Engineering Approach
In carrying out various activities, the industrial engineer;
• Gathers and analyses facts.
• Prepares the alternative solutions taking in to consideration
all the constraints both internal and external.
• Selects the best solution for implementation.

Industrial Engineering in Service Sector


Large number of industrial engineers are in demand and
attracted to careers in exciting, challenging and rewarding
new fields. The various service industries are;
1 Health Service.
2 Government Organizations.
3 Banking.

18
1.3 Broad functional areas of industrial engineering
• production planning and control;
• quality control;
• Inventory, equipment, warehouse, and materials
management;
• plant layout;
• job and work station design
• Job evaluation
• System analysis
• Simulation
• Network analysis (PERT, CPM)
• Decision making
• Assembly line balancing

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