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Introduction-to-Heap-Sort Vivek

Heap sort is an efficient sorting algorithm that utilizes a max-heap data structure to sort data, particularly effective for large datasets. The algorithm involves building a max-heap, extracting the maximum element, and restoring the heap property until the array is sorted, with a time complexity of O(n log n) and space complexity of O(1). While it offers advantages like time and space efficiency, it has limitations such as lack of flexibility, inefficient searching, and instability.

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7 views7 pages

Introduction-to-Heap-Sort Vivek

Heap sort is an efficient sorting algorithm that utilizes a max-heap data structure to sort data, particularly effective for large datasets. The algorithm involves building a max-heap, extracting the maximum element, and restoring the heap property until the array is sorted, with a time complexity of O(n log n) and space complexity of O(1). While it offers advantages like time and space efficiency, it has limitations such as lack of flexibility, inefficient searching, and instability.

Uploaded by

Honey Solanki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Heap Sort

This presentation explores heap sort, a


powerful and efficient sorting algorithm with
various applications.

by Vansh Tripathi
What is Heap Sort?
Definition Key Concept

Heap sort is an efficient comparison-based sorting The heap maintains a crucial property: each node's value
algorithm. It uses a heap data structure—a specialized is greater than or equal to its children's (in a max-heap).
binary tree—to sort data, making it particularly effective This allows for quick extraction of the largest element.
for large datasets.
Heap Sort Algorithm
1. Build Max Heap: Convert the input array into a max-
1
heap.

2. Extract Maximum: Remove the root (largest element)


2
and place it at the end of the array.

3. Heapify: Restore the max-heap property by sifting


3
down the new root.

4. Repeat: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the heap is empty.


4
The array is now sorted.
Time and Space Complexity
Analysis
Time Complexity Space Complexity
Average Case: O(n log n) - O(1) - Heap sort operates in-
Time grows proportionally to place, requiring minimal extra
the input size multiplied by the space beyond the original
logarithm of the size. array.
Advantages and Limitations of Heap Sort
Advantages of Heap Sort

1. Time Efficiency: Heap sort excels with large datasets due to its O(log n) average time complexity for insertion and
deletion. Building a heap from an array takes O(n) time, and finding the minimum or maximum element is O(1).
2. Space Efficiency: As a complete binary tree, heaps can be efficiently stored in an array without wasted space.
3. Dynamic Adaptability: Heaps can dynamically resize, handling real-time insertion and deletion of elements, making them
suitable for dynamic applications.

Limitations of Heap Sort

1. Limited Flexibility: The rigid structure of a heap, designed to maintain a specific order, might not suit applications
requiring more flexible data structures.
2. Inefficient Searching: While the top element is readily accessible, searching for a specific element in a heap requires a
full tree traversal (O(n) time complexity).
3. Lack of Stability: Heap sort doesn't guarantee the relative order of equal elements will be preserved during heap
construction or modification.
Practical Applications of Heap Sort

Priority Queues
Heaps efficiently manage priority queues, processing elements based on their
1
priority.

K-Largest Elements
2
Find the k largest elements in an array quickly.

Graph Algorithms
3
Heaps are crucial for algorithms like Dijkstra's.
Thank you for your time and attention..
I appreciate your interest in heap sort.

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