ACMEGRADE

Mini Project on:

IOT Based Remote
Controlling

Made By:
Linda Mary Thomas
Linsa Mary Thomas
Malavika R Nair
Meenakshy G

Under the guidance of:

Prof. Manjunath G, AcmeGrade Embedded Systems

OUR OFFICIAL TRAINING PARTNER:

 Project Title
IR Remote Controlled Home Automation

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.ABSTRACT
2.INTRODUCTION
3.COMPONENTS REQUIRED

Arduino Uno R3
LCD 16x2
Resistor 220 Ohm
Potentiometer 10k
Light Bulb
Dc Motor
30,5 Power supply
12,5 Power supply
IR Sensor
Relay SPDT
DC Motor

4.BLOCK DIAGRAM
5.PROCESS OF WORKING
6.IMPLEMENTATION
7.ADVANTAGES
8.DISADVANTAGES
9.APPLICATIONS
10.CONCLUTION
11.DEMONSTRATION

ABSTRACT
IR Remote controlled automation refers to the use of IR remotes to
control any devices and related functions such as lighting
temperature, security etc. this is achieved by using ir recievers
which are controlled by IR remotes and which in turn controls the
selected home appliance. This basic system can be further
developed by integrating with other systems like voice assistants etc
to create a more seamless experience for the user. Resulting the
ultimate goal of home automation be to make daily life more
comfortable and productive.

INTRODUCTION
Smart home automation is a rapidly growing field in the realm of
home technology, allowing for greater convenience, comfort, and
security for homeowners. With the advent of the Internet of Things
(IoT), it is now possible to control and automate a wide range of
household functions, from lighting and temperature to security and
entertainment systems, using a variety of smart devices and apps.
This technology is being widely adopted and has become a part of
many people's lives. With the increasing demand, the cost of these
devices and systems are becoming more and more affordable,
making it accessible to a wider range of people. It is expected that
the smart home automation market will continue to grow in the
coming years, as more and more homeowners adopt these
technologies.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

Arduino Uno R3
LCD 16x2
Resistor 220 Ohm
Potentiometer 10k
Light Bulb
Dc Motor
30,5 Power supply
12,5 Power supply
IR Sensor
Relay SPDT
DC Motor

ARDUINO UNO R3:

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use
hardware and software. It is intended for anyone to use for a variety of
projects such as creating interactive objects, taking sensor readings,
controlling motors and more. The platform consists of a microcontroller
board and a development environment to write and upload code to the board.
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on simple software and
hardware. It is intended for making interactive projects, such as those
involving sensors, motors, and lights. The hardware consists of a
microcontroller board with various input/output (I/O) pins, while the
software consists of the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
and a programming language based on C++. Users can write code in the IDE
and upload it to the board to control its behavior. There are many different
types of Arduino boards available, each with different features and
capabilities, and they can be used for a wide variety of projects.
LCD 16x2:
The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is one kind of electronic
display module used in an extensive range of applications like various circuits
& devices like mobile phones, calculators, computers, TV sets, etc. These
displays are mainly preferred for multi-segment light-emitting diodes and
seven segments. The main benefits of using this module are inexpensive;
simply programmable, animations, and there are no limitations for displaying
custom characters, special and even animations, etc.
The features of this LCD mainly include the following.

The operating voltage of this LCD is 4.7V-5.3V

It includes two rows where each row can produce 16-characters.
The utilization of current is 1mA with no backlight
Every character can be built with a 5×8 pixel box
The alphanumeric LCDs alphabets & numbers
Is display can work on two modes like 4-bit & 8-bit
These are obtainable in Blue & Green Backlight
It displays a few custom generated characters
Resistor 220 Ohm:
A resistor is an electronic component that resists the flow of electrical current.
It is used to control the amount of current in a circuit, as well as to divide
voltage among circuit components. Resistors come in many different forms
and are made from a variety of materials, including carbon, metal, and
semiconductors. They are typically identified by their resistance value, which
is measured in ohms (Ω). The most common types of resistors are fixed value
resistors and variable resistors.

Potentiometer 10k:
The potentiometer is also an input device of Arduino that can be used for
various purposes like controlling the brightness of LED or LCD by increasing
or decreasing its resistance. In this write-up a potentiometer is interfaced
with Arduino and its values are displayed on the LCD.
Light Bulb:
A light bulb is a device that converts electrical energy into light. The most
common type of light bulb is the incandescent bulb, which uses a filament that
is heated to a high temperature by an electric current, causing it to glow and
produce light. Other types of light bulbs include fluorescents, LEDs, and
halogens. Light bulbs come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and are used for a
wide range of applications, including home lighting, street lighting, and
automotive lighting.

Dc Motor:
A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity. It
consists of a rotor (the rotating part of the motor) and a stator (the stationary
part of the motor). The stator typically contains one or more electromagnets,
and the rotor contains a set of conductors, often in the form of coils of wire.
When DC electricity is applied to the stator, it creates a magnetic field that
interacts with the magnetic field of the rotor, causing the rotor to turn.
DC motors are widely used in a variety of applications, including electric
vehicles, industrial machinery, and household appliances. They can be
controlled by varying the voltage and/or current applied to the stator, which
allows for precise control of the motor's speed and torque. Additionally, DC
motors can be used in reverse by reversing the polarity of the voltage applied
to the stator, allowing them to function as generators.

POWER SUPPLY :
A power supply is a device that converts electrical energy from a source such
as mains power, a battery, or a generator, into a form that can be used by
electronic devices. It regulates the voltage and current to provide a stable
power source for the device it is connected to. There are different types of
power supplies, such as AC-DC and DC-DC converters, and they are used in a
wide range of applications, including computers, telecommunication
equipment, and industrial machinery. The primary function of a power supply
is to convert one form of electrical energy to another, such as converting AC
(alternating current) to DC (direct current), or converting a voltage from one
level to another. Power supplies are used in a wide range of electronic devices,
including computers, televisions, and audio equipment. There are different
types of power supplies, including linear power supplies, switching power
supplies, and battery power supplies. The choice of power supply depends on
the specific application and requirements of the device it will be used in.
IR Sensor:
An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measures and detects
infrared radiation in its surrounding environment.IR is invisible to the human
eye, as its wavelength is longer than that of visible light (though it is still on
the same electromagnetic spectrum). Anything that emits heat (everything
that has a temperature above around five degrees Kelvin) gives off infrared
radiation.There are two types of infrared sensors: active and passive. Active
infrared sensors both emit and detect infrared radiation. Active IR sensors
have two parts: a light emitting diode (LED) and a receiver. When an object
comes close to the sensor, the infrared light from the LED reflects off of the
object and is detected by the receiver. Active IR sensors act as proximity
sensors, and they are commonly used in obstacle detection systems (such as
in robots).PIR sensors are most commonly used in motion-based detection,
such as in-home security systems.

RELAY SPDT :
A Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) relay is an electromechanical switch that
is commonly used to control the flow of electrical current in an circuit. It has
three terminals, one common terminal (COM), and two normally open (NO)
and normally closed (NC) terminals. When the relay is energized, the common
terminal is connected to the normally open terminal and when the relay is de-
energized, the common terminal is connected to the normally closed terminal.
This type of relay is often used in applications where a switch needs to be
remotely activated or deactivated, such as in automotive and industrial
systems.
DC MOTOR :
A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity. It
consists of a rotor (the rotating part of the motor) and a stator (the stationary
part of the motor). The stator typically contains one or more electromagnets,
and the rotor contains a set of conductors, often in the form of coils of wire.
When DC electricity is applied to the stator, it creates a magnetic field that
interacts with the magnetic field of the rotor, causing the rotor to turn.

DC motors are widely used in a variety of applications, including electric

vehicles, industrial machinery, and household appliances. They can be
controlled by varying the voltage and/or current applied to the stator, which
allows for precise control of the motor's speed and torque. Additionally, DC
motors can be used in reverse by reversing the polarity of the voltage applied
to the stator, allowing them to function as generators.
There are several types of DC motors such as :
Shunt DC motor
Series DC motor
Compound DC motor
Permanent Magnet DC Motor (PMDC)
Brushless DC Motor (BLDC)
Each type has its own characteristics and best usage scenario.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Circuit:
 PROCESS OF WORKING

In this project, we are using IR based wireless communication for controlling

home appliances. In this project, Arduino is used for controlling whole the
process. We send some commands to the controlling system by using IR
remote for controlling AC home appliances. After receiving signal from IR
remote, Arduino sends related signal to relays which are responsible for
switching ON or OFF of the home appliances through a relay driver.

In this project, we have used a simple Method for control (ON/OFF) two home
appliance device by a single button of Remote, this Method is known as Toggle
[EVEN ODD] Method. As an example, we can turn ON and OFF of the devices
using the Remote button “ON“.
When we pressed any button of the remote, the IR LED of the remote sends a
unique encoded signal. The IR Receiver sensor received this signal and send it
to the Arduino. First of all, the Arduino decodes the signal and converts it into
a hex value, and store the value into the variable. For that, we need to use a
special library called “IR remote” in the Arduino program. Then, the Arduino
compares the decode hex value with the predefined hex value of the pressed
button. If this value is matching then Arduino sends an operating voltage to
the relay module for turns ON the device.
If we again press the same button then it sends the same code. So, Arduino
gets again the same code and the Arduino compares the decode hex value with
the predefined hex value of the pressed button like before. But this time
Arduino stop sending operating voltage to the Relay module and turns OFF
the device because of Toggling the bit.

Working of this project is easily understandable. When we press any button of

IR Remote then remote sends a code in form of train of encoded pulses using
38Khz modulating frequency. These pulses are received by sensor and read by
Arduino and then Arduino decodes received train of pulse into a hex value and
compares that decoded value with the predefined hex value of the pressed
button. If any match occurs then Arduino perform relative operation and the
corresponding result is also displayed on 16x2 LCD by using appropriate
commands.

The motive behind this idea is, generally the switch board is little far away
from the common area we use in our household as well as offices. So every
time to turn on or off the light or something the person really need to stand up
and go to switch board . It is a horrible problem when considering the cases of
people who are bed ridden or people with toddlers in home or a busy office
room or blind people .So coming up with idea of a home automation device is
the best solution.The best way is to use a IR remote to control through this,
one can control multiple devices. The area of action and switch board would
be approximately about 3 meter away so it will work fine. Using this device
you can also control any home appliances like TV, Fan, Lights etc.It does not
cost much also. It is super cheep and very useful.
 IMPLEMENTATION
Process Code:

#include <IRremote.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#define code 65535
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,10,7,6,5,4);

int RECV_PIN = 11;

IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
decode_results results;

int fanPin = 3;
int bulbPin = 2;
int status[] = {0,0,0,0};

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16,2);
irrecv.enableIRIn();
pinMode(fanPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(bulbPin, OUTPUT);
lcd.setCursor(5,0);
lcd.print("BATCH 1 ");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("IR REMOTE");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("CONTROLLER");
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("(1) Fan : OFF");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("(2) Bulb : OFF");
}
void loop()
{
if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {
unsigned int value = results.value;
switch(value){

case code:
if(status[1] == 1 && status[2] == 1) {
digitalWrite(fanPin, LOW);
status[1] = 0;
lcd.setCursor(10,0);
lcd.print("OFF");

digitalWrite(bulbPin, LOW);
status[2] = 0;
lcd.setCursor(11,1);
lcd.print("OFF");
}

else {
digitalWrite(fanPin, HIGH);
status[1] = 1;
lcd.setCursor(10,0);
lcd.print("ON ");
digitalWrite(bulbPin, HIGH);
status[2] = 1;
lcd.setCursor(11,1);
lcd.print("ON ");
}

}
Serial.println(value);
irrecv.resume();
}
}

ADVANTAGES OF IR REMOTE CONTROLLING

Advantage 1: A wireless controller gives more freedom of movement:

An industrial remote control allows you to operate the device or machine

without interfering with cables. This means more freedom of movement and
you are not limited to the maximum length of a cable. Cable controls usually
require more maintenance because cables tend to wear out more quickly in
industrial environments.It is relatively easy to install a remote control on an
existing wired control.

Advantage 2: More efficient way of working

A wireless remote control can be carried. It puts control at your fingertips

wherever you are and allows you to operate the machine or device in any
circumstance. This saves you a lot of time and allows you to be productive.
You will need fewer people with the help of a remote control, which will
positively benefit your cash flow.

Advantage 3: Managing all of your home devices from one place. The
convenience factor here is enormous. Being able to keep all of the technology
in your home connected through one interface is a massive step forward for
technology and home management.

Advantage 4: its a boon to the bed ridden people,blind people and more

Advantage 5:Increased energy efficiency.

Depending on how you use your technology, it’s possible to make your space
more energy-efficient. With the higher developed versions of the remote
controls you can have more precise control over the heating and cooling of
your home with a programmable smart thermostat that learns your schedule
and temperature preferences, and then suggests the best energy efficient
settings throughout the day. Lights and motorized shades can be programed
to switch to an evening mode as the sun sets, or lights can turn on and off
automatically when you enter or leave the room, so you never have to worry
about wasting energy.
 DISADVANTAGES OF IR REMOTE
CONTROLLERS
Disadvantage 1: Infrared frequencies are affected by hard objects (e.g. walls,
doors) , smoke, dust, fog, sunlight etc. Hence it does not work through walls or
doors.

Disadvantage 2: In monitor & control application, it can control only one

device at one time. Moreover it is difficult to control things which are not in
LOS (Line of Sight). It requires line of sight between transmitter and receiver
to communicate.

Disadvantage 3: It supports shorter range and hence it performance

degrades with longer distances.

Disadvantage 4: Infrared waves at high power can damage eyes

Disadvantage 5: It supports lower data rate transmission compare to wired

transmission.

APPLICATIONS
This circuit can be used for switch ON or OFF the TV, radio, washing
machine and any electronic appliances.

By using the relative relays, we can even switch ON or switch OFF the
motor appliances also.

lighting, temperature control.

CONCLUSION
 As we conclude,home automation using IR remote control will control
devices connected to the the controller via a remote. It permits you to access
home appliances with a remote. It is faster, secure, economic way to remotely
control your electronic gadgets at home as well as office.

DEMONSTRATION
Demonstration:

Circuit

Result 1
Result 2

REFERENCES
wikipedia.org
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