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Graphs of Functions Notes

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3 views

Graphs of Functions Notes

Uploaded by

yashfatanveer2010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUADRATIC :

The graph of a quadratic function is a U-shaped curve called a parabola. One important feature of the
graph is that it has an extreme point, called the vertex. If the parabola opens up, the vertex represents
the lowest point on the graph, or the minimum value of the quadratic function. If the parabola opens
down, the vertex represents the highest point on the graph, or the maximum value. In either case,
the vertex is a turning point on the graph. The graph is also symmetric with a vertical line drawn through
the vertex, called the axis of symmetry

Minimum or Maximum Value of a


Quadratic Function
The y-coordinate of the vertex of the graph of a
quadratic function is

• the minimum value of the quadratic


equation if the parabola opens upward.

• the maximum value of the quadratic


equation if the parabola opens downward.

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Intercepts
The y-intercept is the point where the graph crosses the y axis. All points on the y-axis have
an x coordinate of zero, so the y-intercept of a quadratic is found by evaluating the function f(0).

The x-intercepts are the points where the graph crosses the x-axis. All points on the x-axis have
a y coordinate of zero, so the x-intercept of a quadratic can be found by solving the equation f(x)=0.
Note that the number of x-intercepts can vary depending upon the location of the graph. (as shown
below)

Sketching of quadratic graph:


1. Determine whether the parabola opens upward (a>0) or downward (a<0).

2. Find the equation of the axis of symmetry, x=h where h=–b ÷ 2a.

3. Find the vertex, (h,k) , where k=f(h).

4. Find the y-intercept, f(0).

5. Find the x-intercepts. (Set f(x)=0 and solve for x using factoring, QF or CTS). Find additional
points if needed.

6. Graph the parabola.

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a ≠0

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Sketching Cubic Graph :

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Reciprocal Graphs :

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The effects of a and q on a reciprocal function

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Exponential functions

b > 1, exponential growth

0<b< 1, exponential decay

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• The effect of q on vertical shift

• For q>0, f(x) is shifted vertically upwards by q units.

• For q<0, f(x) is shifted vertically downwards by q units.

• The horizontal asymptote is the line y=q.

• Y-intercept is a+q

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