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Guide To RRL

The document provides a comprehensive guide on creating a Review of Related Literature (RRL) and citing sources in APA format. It outlines the steps for defining a research topic, searching for literature, evaluating sources, identifying themes, structuring the review, and writing it, along with detailed citation formats for in-text citations and reference lists. Examples of citations for books, journal articles, websites, and other sources are also included.

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103 views5 pages

Guide To RRL

The document provides a comprehensive guide on creating a Review of Related Literature (RRL) and citing sources in APA format. It outlines the steps for defining a research topic, searching for literature, evaluating sources, identifying themes, structuring the review, and writing it, along with detailed citation formats for in-text citations and reference lists. Examples of citations for books, journal articles, websites, and other sources are also included.

Uploaded by

yurielclint.bejiga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sure, I'd be happy to help!

Here's a guide on how to create a Review of Related


Literature (RRL) and how to do citations in APA format.

How to Create a Review of Related Literature (RRL)

1. Define Your Research Topic:


o Clearly state the topic or research question you are investigating.
2. Search for Relevant Literature:
o Use academic databases, journals, books, and other scholarly sources to
find literature related to your topic.
o Take notes and organize your sources.
3. Evaluate and Select Sources:
o Assess the credibility, relevance, and quality of the sources.
o Select the most pertinent studies that contribute to your understanding of
the topic.
4. Identify Themes, Debates, and Gaps:
o Group the literature into themes or categories.
o Identify key debates, trends, and gaps in the existing research.
5. Outline the Structure:
o Create an outline for your RRL. Common structures include chronological,
thematic, methodological, or theoretical.
6. Write the Literature Review:
o Introduction: Introduce the topic and explain the purpose of the RRL.
o Body: Summarize and synthesize the selected literature. Discuss the
findings, methodologies, and theoretical approaches. Highlight gaps and
inconsistencies.
o Conclusion: Summarize the main findings and their implications. Suggest
areas for future research.

How to Do Citations in APA Format

In-Text Citations

1. Basic Format:
o Author's last name and year of publication, e.g., (Smith, 2020).
2. Direct Quotes:
o Include the page number, e.g., (Smith, 2020, p. 15).
3. Multiple Authors:
o Two authors: (Smith & Jones, 2020).
o Three or more authors: (Smith et al., 2020).

Reference List

1. Books:
o Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for
subtitle. Publisher.
2. Journal Articles:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume
o
number(issue number), pages. DOI
3. Websites:
o Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date). Title of web page. Site Name. URL

Example References

 Book: Smith, J. A. (2020). Understanding Psychology. Pearson.


 Journal Article: Brown, L. B. (2019). The impact of social media on youth. Journal
of Social Research, 45(2), 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1234/jsr.2019.045
 Website: Johnson, M. (2021, April 5). How to write a literature review. Research
Guide. https://www.researchguide.com/lit-review

For more detailed guidelines, you can refer to the Purdue OWL APA Formatting and
Style Guide[1].

Books
 Single Author:

 Smith, J. A. (2020). Understanding Psychology. Pearson.


 Multiple Authors:

 Brown, L. B., & Green, M. K. (2019). Social Media and Mental Health. Sage
Publications.
 Edited Book:

 Johnson, M. (Ed.). (2018). Advances in Cognitive Science. Oxford University Press.

Journal Articles
 Single Author:

 White, R. T. (2021). The effects of climate change on coastal


ecosystems. Environmental Research, 67(3), 234-
250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.01.012
 Multiple Authors:

 Lee, H. J., Kim, S. Y., & Park, J. H. (2020). Machine learning applications in
healthcare. Journal of Medical Informatics, 45(4), 345-
360. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmi/45.4.345

Websites
 Web Page with Author:

Johnson, M. (2021, April 5). How to write a literature review. Research


Guide. https://www.researchguide.com/lit-review
 Web Page without Author:

 How to cite sources in APA format. (2020, June 15). APA


Style. https://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/cite-sources
Reports
 Government Report:

 National Institute of Mental Health. (2020). Annual report on mental health


statistics. U.S. Government Printing Office.
 Corporate Report:

 World Health Organization. (2019). Global health observatory data. WHO Press.

Conference Papers
 Published Conference Paper:

 Davis, R. (2018). The future of artificial intelligence. In S. Thompson


(Ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on AI (pp. 45-60). Springer.

Dissertations and Theses


 Unpublished Dissertation:

 Clark, P. R. (2017). The impact of social media on adolescent


behavior (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of California, Berkeley.
 Published Dissertation:

 Miller, T. J. (2019). Exploring the effects of climate change on agriculture (Doctoral


dissertation). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

References
[1] APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition) - Purdue OWL®

In-Text Citations in APA Format


Basic Format

1. Author-Date Citation:

 Include the author's last name and the year of publication.


 Example: (Smith, 2020)

Direct Quotes
1. Short Quotations (fewer than 40 words):

Include the author's last name, year of publication, and page number.
Example: (Smith, 2020, p. 15)
If the author's name is part of the narrative, include only the year and page
number in parentheses.
 Example: Smith (2020) noted that "..." (p. 15).
2. Long Quotations (40 words or more):

 Place the quotation in a free-standing block of text without quotation marks.


 Indent the entire quotation 0.5 inches from the left margin.
 Example:

Smith (2020) found the following:

This is a long quotation that is indented from the left margin. It does
not use quotation marks and is followed by the citation at the end. (p.
15)

Paraphrasing

1. Paraphrased Information:

 Include the author's last name and year of publication.


 Example: (Smith, 2020)
 If the author's name is part of the narrative, include only the year in parentheses.
 Example: Smith (2020) found that...

Multiple Authors
1. Two Authors:

Use an ampersand (&) between the authors' last names.


Example: (Smith & Jones, 2020)
2. Three or More Authors:

 Use the first author's last name followed by "et al."


 Example: (Smith et al., 2020)

No Author

1. Citing a Work with No Author:

 Use the title of the work and the year of publication.


 Italicize the title of books and reports; use quotation marks for articles, chapters,
and web pages.
 Example: ("Study Finds," 2020)

Multiple Works

1. Citing Multiple Works in One Parenthesis:

 List the citations in alphabetical order and separate them with semicolons.
 Example: (Smith, 2020; Johnson, 2019; Brown, 2018)

Secondary Sources

1. Citing a Secondary Source:

 Mention the original work and the secondary source.


 Example: (Smith, 2020, as cited in Johnson, 2021)

Examples
 Single Author: (Smith, 2020)
 Two Authors: (Smith & Jones, 2020)
 Three or More Authors: (Smith et al., 2020)
 Direct Quote: (Smith, 2020, p. 15)
 Paraphrasing: Smith (2020) found that...
 No Author: ("Study Finds," 2020)
 Multiple Works: (Smith, 2020; Johnson, 2019; Brown, 2018)
 Secondary Source: (Smith, 2020, as cited in Johnson, 2021)

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