Internet and Virus: El Security, hardware and Software Threats. Computer Viruses: Types of Viruses, Logic Bombs, Torzan Horses, Worms. Virus Prevention, Things that are not Virus, Antivirus, lementary Internet Application, Security Control: Physical Security, dataIn Depth Information Computer Security Threats Computer security threats are potential threats to your computer's effici operation and performance. These could be harmless adware or dangerous tr fa infection. As the world becomes more digital, computer security ‘concen ae always developing. A threat in a computer’ system is a potential danger that could jeopardize your data security. At times, the damage is irreversible. Types of Threats: A security threat is a threat that has the potential to harm computer systems and organizations. The cause could. be physical, such as a computer containing sensitive information being stolen. It’s also possible that the cause isn’t physical, such as a viral attack. 1. Physical Threats: A physical danger to computer systems is a potential cause of an occurrence/event that could result in data loss or physical damage. It can be classified as: « Internal: Short circuit, fire, non-stable supply of power, hardware failure due to excess humidity, etc. cause it. « External: Disasters such as floods, earthquakes, landscapes, etc. cause it. ¢ Human: Destroying of infrastructure and/or hardware, thefts, disruption, and unintentional/intentional errors are among the threats. He 2. Non-physical threats: A non-physical threat is a potential source of an incident that could result in: : « Hampering of the business operations that depend on computer systems. «Sensitive — data or information loss » Keeping track of other’s computer system activities illegally. + Hacking id & passwords of the users, etc. ‘The non-physical threads can be commonly caused by: (i) Malware: Malware (“malicious software”) is a type of complet program that ( ctteates and damages systems without the users’ knowledge. Malware trite to g0 aan iced by either hiding or not letting the user know about its presence Of” Te i i i lower rate than usual. system. You may notice that your system is processing at a sI u a Visus: It is a program that replicates itself and infects your computer's files and programs, rendering them inoperable. It is a type of malware that spreads by Prepared By Kajal Pandeybecoming part of another Progra software ¢mbec re \ documents Ter 0 another using the networ" \ insert f so one comy Ip of red from with the help OF ST fe " a as an executable file. cL They usually appear le He docimens and et ered eal, THEY USBI ram that tacks, Tecords, ang disk, file sI ai ‘ ute* Piithout their permission for the 2 Spyware ofl line) without nission for 4 cin Serr at 4 onside acquired from a variety o| sources, rete of vail er may also unwittingly in i eis nt hats a a A ei User License Agreement. poding websites, ine eae proj eee ee eS by aoe is primarily utilize 2 rare that is pri are i Y ing patterns in to compile data on the ire ithe so at web browsing patterns in order ~ online, it keeps Ds pe : t they replicate jae oe Gompulr Worms are similar to viruses in that they repli Y + Cot (iv) Worms: Cor H i ich spread by ‘ict’ simi Unlike viruses, whicl F inflict similar damage. eres alte aches fae ei file, worms are freestanding programs that do ron a mans een ey human assistance to proliferate, Worms don _ change programs; eae they replicate themselves over and over. They just eat instead, stem down. : oe ie he ‘ojan: A Trojan horse is malicious software that is disguised as a useful yewan is nun, the Trojan performs a harmful/unwanted program. When the host program is run, e Trojan perfo aa action. A Trojan horse, often known as a Trojan, is malicious malware or software that appears to be legal yet has the ability to take control of your computer. A ‘Trojan is a computer program that is designed to disrupt, steal, or otherwise harm your data or network. (Wi Denial Of Service Attacks: A Denial of Service attack is one in which an attacker tries to prohibit legitimat te users from obtaining information or services, An attacker tries to make a system or network Tesource unavailable to its intended users in this attack. The web commerce, tradin; servers of large organizations such as banking, (vii) Phishing: Phishing, ito or g organizations, etc. are the-victims .Phis is a type of attack that is i They de cn Om Wes Such as login eedeni went Set obtain They deceive users into giving critical information, Pind cae information, or access to personal email messages, and instant chats, Key-Logge » such as b; i accounts, by wo ank and credit card ts: Keyloggers can (\ rs Monitor a us time. Keylogger is a Program that i keystroke made by ioe a user, then sends th passwords and financial © data to a u +. records every Tae eae hacker with the intent of stealing How to make your system secure: In order to keep your s stem d; ‘ measures: vetem Geta secure and safe, you should take the following 1. Always keep a backup of your data, 2's computer activity in res]. background and ity in real. Prepared By Kajal Pandey \so boots : are Dake, uhdny 2, sto = EGE, ia ee bodies 2. Install firewall software arid keep it updated every time. E c 3. Make. use of strong and difficult to crack passw i i ords (hi i alphabets, numbers, and special characters). Pasowords (eta ge & mall 4. Install antivirus/ anti-spyware and keep it updated every time. 5. Timely scan your complete system. 6. Before installing any program, check whether it is safe to install it (using Antivirus Software). 7. Take extra caution when reading emails that contain attachments. 8. Always keep your system updated. Computer Virus Definition oftware application or authored code that can attach jiself to other programs, self-replicate, and spread itself onto other devices. When executed, a virus modifies other computer programs by inserting its code into them. If the virus’s replication is successful, the affected device is considered “infected” with a computer virus. A computer virus is an. ill-natured s« out by the virus’s code can damage the local file system, download additional malware, or any other actions the |. Many viruses pretend to be legitimate their devices, delivering the computer The malicious activity carried steal data, interrupt services, malware author coded into the program programs to trick users into executing them on. virus payload. : Types of Computer Viruses Every computer virus has a payload that performs an action. The threat actor can code any malicious activity into the virus payload, including simple, innocuous pranks that don’t do any harm. While a few viruses have harmless payloads, most of them Coed damage to the system and its data. There are nine main virus types, some of whicl could be packaged with other malware to increase the chance of infection and damage. The nine major categories for viruses on computers are: oe Boot Sector Virus : the operating inting to ve has a sector solely responsible for pointing 1 ereontols the Your computer dri r boot into the interface. A boot sector virus system so that it canrn cm E, RAIPUR. [ee bisa COLLEGE, RAIPUR € << RS DISHA I coors aur et gre __ Ee * ing the macht Usually, puter virus, The virus is activated whey, wre, rend a the drive, renee) © ma foot: sector of ON 19 spread this CO 1 5 USB devices D achine. nai USD device and boot their mac plu Web Scripting Virus cea defenses against malicious web scripts, Paap cr, ‘UNSUPPorteg Most browse Tr biles allowing atackers f0 code on the local device. browsers have ; Browser Hijacker on your browser will hijack. browser .e the settings h ones ‘and your search preferences and redirect you to a site or an adware page used to steal data or ‘A computer virus that Id be a phishing favorites, the home page malicious site. The site coul make money for the attacker. Resident Virus . ‘A virus that can access computer memory and sit dormant until a payload is delivered is considered a resident virus. This malware may stay dormant until a specific date or time or when a user performs an action. Direct Action Virus When a user executes a seemingly harmless file attached ici hen a < i to malicious code, direct- anton viruses deliver a payload immediately. These computer viruses can also mal lormant until a specific action is taken or a timeframe Passes. ae Polymorphic Virus Malware authors can use . Z ie i polymorphic cod $e de we le to chang °, “tection. Therefore, it's more difficult for an antivi S me a 's footprint to avoid mus to detect and remove them. File Infector Virus Multipartite Virus Prepared By Kajal Pandey_DISHA GOLLEGE, RAIPUR ‘E-eratt: principal tishacotagetihtstersl ee Disha Pak udng Fit or, arn Nese tata Mart | tyr war ca ‘Behind NIT and Hotel Procadiy, Ratpur (C16) 492010 Conant 190.1 OTTEAIAPAON, 9EIOO-OATS These malicious programs spread across a network of other systems by copying themselves'or injecting code into critical computer resources. Macro Virus s ditional malware Microsoft Office files ean run macros that can be used fo download ad aennip malicious code, Macro viruses deliver a payload when the file is opened and the What Causes Computer Viruses? Computer viruses are standard programs; instead of offering useful resources, these programs can damage your device. Computer viruses are typically crafted by hackers peer various intentions, like stealing sensitive data to causing chaos in systems. Some Markers create these malicious programs for fun or as a challenge, while others have more sinister motives like financial gain or cyber warfare. Hackers may exploit weak points in an operating system or app to acquire unapproved access and power over a user’s machine to achieve their goals. . Ego-driven: Some virus authors seek fame within the hacker community by creating destructive or widespread viruses that garner media attention. = Cybererime: Hackers often use computer viruses as tools for ransomware aitacks, identity theft, and other forms of online fraud. = Sabotage: In some cases, disgruntled employees create computer viruses to intentionally damage their employer’s infrastructure. + Cyber espionage: State-sponsored hackers may develop advanced persistent threats (APTs) using custom-made malware designed for long-term infiltration into targeted networks. For a threat actor to execute a virus on your machine, you must initiate execution. Sometimes; an attacker can execute malicious code through your browser or remotely from : another network computer. Modern browsers have defenses against local machine code execution, but third-party software installed on the browser could have vulnerabilities that allow viruses to run locally. The delivery of a computer virus can happen in several ways. One common method is via a phishing email. Another technique is hosting malware on a server that promises Prepared By Kajal Pandeya 8 felivered using macros or by inj \ . ae malicious code into legitimate s \ Work? How Do Computer Viruses t hitch a ride on other files or i discreet programs that 2 7 oe bet primary pjective js to replicate and spread like to provide a legitimate At their core, computer applications. In most cases, wildfire. i i i ther : ici ftware ograms designed to nfect o function i aan In Diy so, a virus will attach itself to an Computer viruses ‘to spread. programs by modifying them in unsuspecting file or application in order The Infection Process ‘A virus can attach itself to any legitimate program execute its code, such as an email attachment or a springs into action an the file is opened or downloaded, the virus Hiding in Plain Sight Computer viruses can be quite crafty to remain hidden from both users and antivirus software alike. Viruses employ stealth techniques such as polymorphism, which changes their appearance, or encryption methods. The Damage Done Once activated, a virus may wreak havoc on your computer system. It can steal sensitive data, corrupt files, slow down performance, and even crash your entire system. It can spread from system to system after a user takes action that either intentionally or accidentally facilitates it. It’s important to note that viruses are j ot types ‘im just one type of malware, and many other malicious software can harm your computer or steal your personal information. f How Do Viruses Spread? Computer viruses spread through various channi i these clianne Compute els, and bei t is essential to protect yourself and your organization from infection. oe : sf Email Attachments Prepared By Kajal Pandey or document that supports macros to file download from a website. Once d starts executing.[DISHA COLLEGE, RAIPUR: peal ces alt ences sete enaice ee ‘One method of virus transmission is through em: their malicious code as seemingly harmless files, s unsuspecting users open without a second thought. For ‘Trojan campaigns are known to spread via email attachments financial statements. Internet Downloads a si aware installers, media £65 OF Crt browser exten: it to be cautious whens ee wnload from unknown sources OF sketchy websites. A notorion® oe ee scandal, where popular applications were ‘bundled with 3 programs by default. File Sharing Networks ‘and peer-to-peer platfo: f P tf File sharing networks like torrent sites aa i ie torrents OT cracked software Ay Ke installation. For viruses. Innocent-lool Q vmise your device upon ‘ner, so when somet payloads designed to compro Fate Bay used a browser-based cryptocurrency miner, S° ™ e ee nek computer was used to mine ‘ceryptocurrency without their knowledge or consent. Removable Media Viruses can attach to removable media, such as US any computer they're plugged into. ‘The infamous a we that spreads through removable media. To protect yourself and your organization from computer viruses, always exercise caution and employ robust cybersecurity measures like up-to-date antivirus software Gnd regular system scans. Remember, knowledge is power, especially when preventing viruses and cyber-attacks. What Is a Computer Worm? ‘A computer worm is a type of malware desi icate i spread m1 E signed to replicate itself to to computers Unlike computer viruses, worms do not require a host program to fas and self-replicate. Instead, they often use a computer network to spread themsel relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. ne Viruses can also hide in so! that you download from the web. t's ms can easily transmit hidden, SB drives and CDs/DVDs, infecting Stuxnet worm is a prime example of Prepared By Kajal Pandey‘as a host to scan and infect oi omputers are compromised, the Wom ing these computers as hosts. W; ‘dth loads, resulting in overloadeg at device i Wd t C omputer Virus Do? a. 1ow it’s coded. It could be something as age, or it, could be sophisticated: lead} only affect a local device, but oth — vulnerable hosts. The simple & # Pevity and vironment : ce continues delivering a payload until its host devi ad 1 ater virus tha fers offer small removal programs that, eliminate: the ‘a computes antivirus, Vo removal difficult because they change their footprint re lymorph ad Jealing dala, destroying dats, or interupting sonsistently. TRE Pex or the local device. n Viruses VS- Malware meaning, malware and viruses are two distinct to net Spread 20705 ® yn and Computer in intentio sapeably. ile overlapping : ae tet are often used interch << a general term for any tyPe of malicious software, while a virus is a specific Malware ‘avare that self-replicates by inserting its code into other programs. While type oF eg type of malware, not all malware is @ ViFuS. ware can take many forms, including viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, adware, and ransomware, and it can be distributed through infected websites, flash drives, emails, and other means. A virus requires a host program to run and attaches itself to legitimate files and programs. Jt causes a host of malicious effects, such as deleting or encrypting files, modifying applications, or disabling system functions. Signs of Computer Virus a Maivare authors write code that is undetectable until the payload is delivered. fete that youec no a bi issues while the virus runs. Signs that you have a compalteees i virus Pec gould present = oe = de - Pe is a d opup windows, including ads (adware) or links to malicious websites. Mal Prepared By Kajal PandeyLy jing 1, First Floor, Ram Nagarkote pa tott Po tel Peay Repu (2)apmom ™ | wna dentin in en cetacean Pen Sonnet nen ger home page chan; ot 0771-40400 S039 oe 1 y Ve Z 4 our contact li } mails t0 Y' act list or people o nd 2 0 n your contact fi st messages sent by your account. tact list alert you to stom hes often, runs out of uter ras s memot he com e blue screen of death in Windows, + gispl® Ss ry with few active Programs or yuter performance even when running few slow Sly booted. Programs or the computer was 3 unknow? programs start when the computer boots or when you open specific programs. passwords change without your knowledge or your interaction on the account. . Frequent error messages arise with basic functions like opening or using programs: of Computer Virus Example ‘ons of computer viruses, but only a few have gained popularity tains milli Ts of machines. Some examples of widespread computer The web co} rd numbel and infect reco) viruses include: ‘Worm —One of the earliest and most pervasive computer virus this self-replicating computer program spread through the early ing down or crashing many machines. « Morris examples, th Internet in 1988, slowi . Nimda — This particular type of worm targeted web servers and computers running Microsoft Windows operating systems, spreading through multiple infection vectors in 2001. ILOVEYOU — A highly destructive worm that spread via email, disguised as alove confession and caused widespread damage in 2000 by overwriting files. computer worm that exploited ¢ work congestion and SQL Slammer —A_ fast-: yer, causing net vulnerability in Microsoft SQL Se disrupting Internet services in 2003. Prepared By Kajal PandeySS a designed to target and sabotage, j 2 ed worn’s nuclear’ program, by exploitin, tUstial ty Iran’s Ploiting zerg, de y somware Trojan, which infected hundreds * cont i van gg This F90S0%O13, encrypted victims’ files and demandea”* 10 MS co Po ein a + fpousinds gneir deo? ; : inso™ gine jn 2008, this savebee vulnerabilities; ner ting a massive botnet and causing «+ - s, creating ausing wides, fickel — ing system: ‘Pread Confick™ pera ° , ws winde i: infection” in < is banki ji imari : irst discovered an oe cal oe agen Primarily {ireeted - cTinba.— stitutions, aiming and . banking * gnancial fe emation- orm that aimed to remove the Blaster worm from infected welchia — patel the exploited vulnerability but caused unintended network tems and angestion in 2003. _A macOS-specific Trojan that primarily spreads through fake . Slayer and downloads, delivering adware and potentially unwanted 0! updates iy te programs since 2018. How to Remove a Computer Virus Removing a computer virus can be a challenging task, but there are several steps you can take to get rid of it. Common steps to remove a computer virus include: . Download and install antivirus software: Assuming you don’t already have antivirus software installed, download and install a real-time and on-demand solution, if possible. A real-time malware scanner scans for viruses in the background while you use the computer. You must start the on-demand scanner whenever you want to scan your device. = ; & : 2. Disconnect from the internet: Some computer viruses use the internet connection to spread, so it’s best to disconnect from the internet when so) S removing a virus from your PC to prevent further damage. Prepared By Kajal Pandey ia fro Park, Butléing 2, Fire R i hic i esa et OR any temporary files: Depanqee ee porary files can also delete the vine on the type of virus, deleti tergate when YOUF computer boot np, " 8S Some viruses are designs Reboot your computer into + Computer while you remove will inhibit the virus fro; effectively. safe 2 iti a ee To help mitigate damages to your sa ini Teboot your device in ‘Safe Mode.’ This ing and allow you to remove it more 5. Runa Virus scan: Run a full scan usi ivi * most thorough or complete sony eine Your antivirus software, opting for the anni i . , pour hard drive leters during ans option available. If possible, cover ll 6. Delete or quarantine the virus: Once the vind id aa eare! 2 7 software will give you the opt s is detected, your antivirus 2 re u tion to delete or quarantine the virus. Quarantining the virus will isolate it from the rest of your computer to prevent it from causing further damage. 7. Reboot your computer: Assuming you’ ve effectively removed the virus, your computer can be rebooted. Simply turn on the device as you would do so normally without initiating the “Safe Mode” option. 8. Update your browser and operating system: To complete the virus removal process, update your operating system and web browser to the latest version possible. Browser and OS Updates -often contain fixes for particular vulnerabilities and exploits. Given the general nature of this process, the outcome may vary from virus to virus and device to device. If you are unsure if you’ve effectively removed a virus from your computer, contact an IT or computer professional for assistance. How to Prevent Computer Viruses Computer viruses can damage your PC, send sensitive data to aitacker and cause downtime until the system is repaired. You can avoid becoming the puter virus victim by following a few best practices: i nected to + Install antivirus software: Antivirus should run on any device 2 comes the network. It’s your first defense against viruses. Antivirus it ‘ice. malware executables from running on your local devi Prepared By Kajal Pandey =. LCso 90012015 - ‘ DISHA COLLEGE, RAIPUR: earring i eon | Wega arian seme | ‘attachments: Many malware: “attacks Executable + Don’t. open executable : malicious email_attachment. F ‘hould avoid running macros including ransomware start with a attachments should never be opened, and users sI programmed into files such as Microsoft Word or Excel. Keep your operating system updated: Developers for all major operating, systems release patches to remediate common bugs. and security Vulnerabilities. Always keep your operating system updated and stop using end-of-life versions (e.g., Windows 7 or Windows XP). email estionable websites: Older browsers are vulnerabl¢ to exploits used ite. You should always keep your browser updated avoid these sites to prevent drive-by downloads or fey + Avoid qu when just browsing a webs' with the latest patches and redirecting you to sites that host malware. Don’t use pirated software: Free pirated software might be temy often packaged -with malware. Download vendor softwaré ‘onl: official source and avoid using software pirated and shared software: Use strong passwords: Make sure your passwords are highly secure and difficult to guess. Avoid using the same password across multiple accounts and gate vulnerabilities and prevent hackers from change them regularly to miti stealing them. ilant: Always be cautious when downloading files or software us email attachments. Tum off file computer with someone you don’t Pte fyhath pting, but it’s ly: from the « Remain vi from the internet or opening suspiciot sharing and never share access to your know. Also, avoid keeping sensitive or private information stored on’ your computerDISHA COLLEGE, RAIPUR ‘bisha park, Buttding 3 First Hoor Ata Nagar Kote More, pent eederai (Behind NIT afd Hotel Piccadilly, RaRpUr (CS) 492010 Contact fest "0773-4349400, 96300-04424 “Unit 5 Physical Security, data et and Virus: Elem Internet Application, Security Control: Secuniyhd i ware 7 ‘Logic Bombs, Torzan_ Security, hardware and Software Threats. Computer Viruses: Types of Viruses, Horses, Worms. Virus Prevention, Things that are not Virus, Antivirus: 1. Elementary Internet Applications “The internet is a global network that connects millions of private, public, academic, business, Work tibles a variety of services and applications, some of which and government networks. f and s0veE for businesses and daily activities. Here are some, key elementary internet applications: «Web Browsing: Web browsers (like Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari) allow users to aesees and navigate websites. Web browsing is the most common internet activity. = Email: Email is one of the earliest and most widely used internet applications. Eaattes like Gmail, Yahoo, and Outlook provide a platform for sending, receiving, and managing messages. ; «Search Engines: Google, Bing, and Yahoo are examples of search engines. These allow users to find information on the internet by entering keywords or queries. «Cloud Storage: Services like Google Drive, Dropbox, and OneDrive enable users to store and share files online. = Online Shopping: E-commerce websites like Amazon, Flipkart, and eBay allow users to buy and sell products. «Social Media: Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn are used for personal networking, business marketing, and information sharing. = Instant Messaging: Applications like WhatsApp, Telegram, and Slack provide real- time communication. se 2. Security Control He Security. controls are measures put in place to protect an organization's data, systems, and information from threats or unauthorized access. Below are the primary types of security controls: A. Physical Security Physical security involves protecting physical assets from damage or theft. This includes: + Aceess Control: Restricting unauthorized physical access uters, serve sensitive data. ° Pa Siaee ea een + Security Guards: Employing guards to monitor access i to premises. «Alarm Systems and CCTV: Setting up surveillan eieten Syston aa g up surveillance cameras and alarms to detect any + Locking Systems: Using locks on doors, cabinets, areas _containin, valuable data or equipment. eS noe — Prepared By Kajal Pandeyel B. Data Security unauthori7 A ‘ : ing data fro! inp Rs Data security refers to protecting 4 at Loy Sues F only auithorized ers! ca Measures include: owpel OY format transactions noo jon fo incom ing + Encryption: Data is converted ee ‘and controls : dlcerypt. For example, usin — qhat mone jg not lost due to corruption or ‘irew Software or ha rized 2 cure it is - network traf, blocking unaurfing 49 ensive dividuals can access sensitive * Backups: Regularly backing indi ized in . : attacks. ang that only autho metric systems: + User Authentication: Ensuring Oo vopds, OF data, usually through.usernames, i s. Examples ‘C. Hardware and Software Threats 2 result in data los: ip F are Can ized access to Critical 4 ¢ to hardwé unauthori * Hardware Threats: Physical Careb) ysical devices, OF include hard drive failure, the infrastructure. + Software Threats: Software thre hacking, phishing, and denial of servi data, compromise systems, and disrupt ., worms, ransomware), ues are ats include malware (virus corrupt or steal sensitive These can attacks. 5 business operations. 3. Computer Viruses gram desi licate itself and spread from one A computer virus is a malicious program designed to rep! re ee computer to another. It can corrupt files, steal data, and damage systems. Here YP of computer viruses: A. Types of Viruses 1. File Infector Viruses: These viruses attach themselves to executable files (exe, com, etc.). When the file is opened, the virus gets activated and may cause harm. i ¢ Example: CIH virus, also known as Chemobyl, which could corrupt files and even overwrite system data. ie 2. Macro Viruses: These viruses target software appli © Example: Stone Virus. 4. Polymorphic Viruses: These viruses ic viruses, system, making them difficult to detect by Prepared By Kajal Pandey Le» DISHA COLLEGE, RAIPUR ‘Disha Park, Butlding 2, First Floor, Ram Nagar-kota | ' | Sool sian anche haeareeanate™ | Sao ©- Example: ZMist virus. B. Logic Bombs A logic bomb is a type of malicious software that is triggered by a specific event or condition, such as a date, a particular user action, or other criteria. They are usually hidden inside a larger program or file. Example: A logic bomb might delete critical files on a system on a specific date, such as deleting all data on December 31st. C. Trojaz Horses ‘A Trojan Horse is a type of malware that appears to be a legitimate program but contains malicious code. Unlike viruses, Trojans do not replicate themselves but are often used to provide unauthorized access to a system. Example: The Zeus Trojan, which is used for stealing financial data. D. Worms Worms are self-replicating programs that spread across networks without the need for human intervention. Unlike viruses, they don’t need to attach themselves to programs or files. ‘Worms can cause widespread damage by consuming network resources. « Example: The WannaCry ransomware attack, which spread across the intemet in 2017, affecting computers worldwide. 4, Virus Prevention Preventing virus attacks is critical to maintaining the security and functionality of computer systems. Here are common prevention methods: «Antivirus Software: Antivirus programs (like Norton, McAfee, Bitdefender) detect and remove viruses from the system. They should be updated regularly to recognize new threats. : + Regular Software Updates: Keeping operating systems and software applications up to date ensures that vulnerabilities are patched, making it harder for viruses to exploit them. 3 + Email Caution: Avoid opening attachments or clicking on links from unknown or suspicious emails, as they may contain malware. ; ss to the system, preventing Firewalls: A firewall helps block unauthorized acce worms and other malicious programs from spreading. Prepared By Kajal PandeyGates you visit use HTTPS and thar yey Secure Websites: A! int distri ‘e regulal i 1a r ted or stolen. avoid suspiciou: it that you yout ‘data is corrup * Backup Regularly: Ensunit rus i sed by mitigate the damage cal! S. Things that are Not Viruses Ips, es and other types of software that may be rus al vil It’s important to distinguish between actus misunderstood as viruses: ¢ downloads advertising material ‘cally displays © free software. tically displays OF “up ads from + Adware: Software that automatica¥) "7 ample: P ir knowledge. It’s not a when a user is online, but itis not ut users without a ~* Spyware: Software that colle “i redirecting you virus but can compromise eee the settings of your browser, AES Ve odie uebetce, While annoying and disrapive they are ferent . 6. Antivirus Software , including viruses, Antivirus software is designed to detect, prevent, and remove seer ie ‘worms, and Trojan horses. Some popular antivirus programs 4 + Norton Antivirus: Offers real-time protectio1 email scanning, and anti-spyware features. Gees 2 ab shemale + McAfee: Provides virus protection along with web safety tools and identity thef protection. + Bitdefender: Known for its ad ransomware protection. 8 + Kaspersky: Offers real-time Protectio features, including anti-phishing anc } = eee g and deep system scans for detecting threats. or ks for known vii jignatures (code + . Heuristic-based Detection: It looks { oe Patterns). presence of a virus or malware. + Sandboxing: New programs are tested i 4 : in an isolated envi safe before being executed on = sn ‘solated environment to ensure they ar Conclusion 3