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Introduction To SCADA

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is a computer-based system used for industrial control, enabling real-time monitoring and operation of processes across various industries. It plays a crucial role in Industry 4.0 by improving production efficiency, reducing human error, and enhancing product quality through data analytics and predictive maintenance. Key components of SCADA include sensors, RTUs/PLCs, and communication protocols like Modbus and OPC, which facilitate data exchange and control commands.

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28 views19 pages

Introduction To SCADA

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is a computer-based system used for industrial control, enabling real-time monitoring and operation of processes across various industries. It plays a crucial role in Industry 4.0 by improving production efficiency, reducing human error, and enhancing product quality through data analytics and predictive maintenance. Key components of SCADA include sensors, RTUs/PLCs, and communication protocols like Modbus and OPC, which facilitate data exchange and control commands.

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asekhakumeokhakume
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Introduction to SCADA

A. Basic SCADA Concepts


SCADA System Main Functions
● SCADA stands for Supervisory Control
And Data Acquisition • Data Acquisition
● SCADA is a computer-based industrial
• Network Data Communication
control system used to control a
process. • Data Presentation
● A system that functions to monitor and
operate all machines in a factory at • Process Control
different locations.
Industries That Use SCADA Systems

● Oil and Gas


● Water and Wastewater Treatment
● Chemical Plant
● Mining
● Pulp and Paper
● Food and Beverage
B. What is the Role of SCADA in Industry 4.0?

● • Data Analytics for Better Decision Making


Improve Production Efficiency Through Real-
Time Monitoring By analyzing historical data and production
By integrating advanced sensors trends, managers can make better and smarter
and
automation technology, SCADA enables
decisions. This information includes production
operators to monitor the production process
efficiency, optimal operating times, market
accurately and in a timely manner. demand trends, and more.
• Support in Predictive Maintenance and
● Reduce the Risk of Human Error and Machine Maintenance
Product Defects With SCADA, data collected from field sensors
Automatic control integrated into SCADA can be used to continuously monitor machine
ensures that devices and machines operate conditions.
according to set parameters.

● Improve Product Quality Through Tight


Control
Data that is continuously updated and
analyzed by the SCADA system enables early
detection of changes or deviations that could
affect product quality.
What is Automation Pyramid? Why do we need it?
C. MTU and RTU are the main components and architecture in SCADA
D. How the SCADA System Works

✓ Sensors and Actuators


Sensors collect physical data, such as
temperature, pressure, and speed. Actuators are
used to control devices based on commands from
the SCADA system.

✓ RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) or PLC


(Programmable Logic Controller)
Is a device that connects sensors and actuators to
the SCADA system. The RTU or PLC collects data
and forwards instructions from the SCADA system
to devices in the field

✓ SCADA Server
Is a data processing center that collects, stores,
and processes data from various sources. This
server is also responsible for presenting
information to operators through a user
interface.
SCADA Communication
Protocol
A. SCADA Communication Protocol

● A protocol is a system of rules that allows for the


connection, communication, and transfer of data
between two or more computers.
● Communication protocols are essential for SCADA
systems to exchange data and commands between
devices, controllers, and servers.

Key Factors to Consider in SCADA Communication


Selection
● Data Volume
● Speed ​and Latency
● Network Topology
● Security
● Interoperability and Compatibility
Types of SCADA Communication Protocols

● Modbus
● DNP3
● IEC 60870-5
● IEC 61850
● OPC UA
● MQTT
● BACnet
Menguasai SCADA dengan WinCC Explorer dalam Otomasi Industri 4.0

B. Modbus Protocol

● Modbus is an open protocol that uses the


Application Layer or the seventh Layer in the OSI
Model (OSI: Open Systems Interconnection).
Modbus is transmitted via Serial communication
(Modbus RTU / Modbus Serial) and also Ethernet
(Modbus TCP)

How the Modbus Protocol Works


● The basic concept of Modbus communication
consists of master and slave.
● Equipment that acts as a slave will continue to be
idle unless it receives a command from the master.
Each connected equipment (slave) must have a
unique address. A Modbus command is equipped
with the destination address of the command.
● Only the destination address will process the
command, although other equipment may receive
the command.
Modbus Protocol Types

✓ Modbus RTU
The RTU format is equipped with a cyclic
redundancy error (CRC) mechanism to ensure
data reliability. Each data frame is separated
by an idle (silent) period.

✓ Modbus ASCII
Used in serial communication using ASCII
characters. The ASCII format uses a
longitudinal redundancy check (LRC)
mechanism. Each Modbus ASCII data frame
begins with a colon (":") and a newline follows
(CR/LF).

✓ Modbus TCP/IP
A variant of Modbus used in TCP/IP networks.
Data Storage On Modbus

✓ Coil
Initially this type of data was used to activate
the relay coil. The value of this type of data is
ON or OFF. The coil has a length of 16 bits, so
to activate it by giving the value FF00H and
0000H for OFF. Data FF00 and 00 are stored in
registers 00000 to 09999

✓ Relay Input / Binary Input / Digital Input /


Discrete Input
Used to find out the relay status whether it is
ON or OFF. Relay input is read only for the
master and can only be changed by the slave.
The data is stored in registers 10001 - 19999
Data Storage On Modbus

✓ Input Register
Used to store analog data with a value range
of 0 - 65535. It is read only for the master and
the data is stored in registers 30001 – 39999

✓ Holding Register
Used to store values ​with a range of 0 - 65535.
This register has a register address of 40001 -
49999
B. OPC (OLE FOR PROCESS CONTROL)

● OPC Server is software that converts hardware


communication protocols used by PLCs into OPC
(Device Connectors) protocols.
● OPC servers are implemented in Server - client pairs.
● OPC client software is any software that needs to
interact with hardware, such as HMI. OPC clients use
OPC servers to receive data or send commands from
devices.

OPC Specifications
● OPC Data Access Server
● OPC Alarm and Event Handling Server
● OPC Historical Data Access Server
Tag Concept in SCADA
Tag Concept in SCADA

● Tag is data whose value is read or acquired


and written (modified) by SCADA software.
● For example, Tags read by SCADA are pump
state (on or off), Level transmitter,
temperature transmitter, and others.

Tag Function in SCADA


● Read and modify device field values ​in real
time.
● To be stored (logging) and displayed as a
trend.
● To be displayed as an alarm.
Types of Data Types in Data Tags

✓ Boolean Data Type

A data type that is 1 BIT in size with a


value between 0 (Off) and 1 (On).
✓ Integer Data Type
A numeric data type that is
commonly used when encountering
integers such as 1,27,100, etc. This
number also recognizes positive and
negative values ​(Signed Number).
Types of Data Types in Data Tags

✓ Fractional Number Data Type

A numeric data type that handles


decimal numbers or calculations in
detail. Because of its capabilities,
Float Point is the opposite of
Integer.
✓ Character Data Type (Char)
A data type used to store a single
letter, number, punctuation mark,
symbol, or blank space.

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