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AM-4S STEREO PROCESSING SYSTEM

CRL has incorporated the latest advances in AM broadcast processing technology into its new line of AM Stereo processing systems
to make them more flexible and even better.
The CRL AM systems consist of input STEREO GAIN CONTROL, MULTIBAND COMPRESSION and final PEAK LIMITING devices which
may be configured to obtain the desired audio control and meet budget requirements of the broadcast facility.
When used together these units provide complete audio control to maximize modulation while maintaining tonal clarity and
integrity of the original source material.
SGC-800: As the input unit to either the CRL top performance PULSED OR STATIC USASI NOISE GENERATOR: These internal
AM-4 or budget oriented AM-2 systems, the SGC-800 STEREO noise generators can be inserted during ca libration to accurately
GAIN CONTROLLER offers the following main features: simulate the frequency and dynamics of typical program sources,
making proper adjustment quick and easy.
LINEARIZED. DUAL BAND AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL. User
may select wide band, dual band, or a combination of both.
AUDIO ASYMMETRY REMOVAL. Many voices, unlike musical
When combined, average levels are gain controlled in wide
program, are asymmetrical in nature. And clipping these wave-
band. followed by dual band peak control. Crossover frequency
forms can result in audible distortion. An internal jumper selec-
is 340 Hz with gentle 6 dB per octave filters. Linearized control
table circuit removes the asymmetry, thereby reducing distortion.
circuits provide low distortion. typically less than .15% with 9 dB
of gain reduction.
E.O . BALANCE: Equalization is adjustable +/- 6 dB. Increasing
GATING . This circuit freezes gain at a pre-determined threshold the output of the low band (below 340 Hz) reduces the output of
(typically -20 dB) to prevent amplification of the noise floor the high band (above 340 Hz), and vice versa, in order to
during pauses in program content. Interna lly adjustable from -10 maintain a constant RMS total output. The output of the two
to -30 dB below reference level. bands is summed into this front panel screwdriver adjustment,
DYNAFEX® NOISE REDUCTION . This CRL patented circuit (US permitting "tweaking" of the sound balance without requiring
Patent #4,609,878) dramatically improves the signal to noise readjustment of later processing units. Overall output level is not
ratio of program sources. With the threshold control set at -25 dB. affected.
the SGC-800 has an operating S+N/N ratio of better than 80 dB!
This circuit uses downward expansion coupled with a sliding ATTACK AND RELEASE TIME CONSTANTS: Attack time is deter-
bandwidth filter to achieve outstanding improvement in nearly mined by the program material, resulting in instantaneous adjustment
all noisy source material. without degrading high quality aud io regardless of program source. The release time is user adjustable by a
sources. See Fig. A. front panel control for slow, medium or fast.

AM-2S Recommended Installation

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AM-4S Recommended Installation ~

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STEAM POWERED RADIO.COM

SEC-800: The SEC-800 SPECTRAL ENERGY COMPRESSOR is a SELECTABLE MULTIBAND COMPRESSION RATIO: The action of
musical sounding four band compressor/limiter featured in the each band is dependent on a master compression ratio. selectable in
AM-4 system and may be added to existing AM-2 systems. 3 dB steps up to -I 5 dB of input reference. Recommended setting for
most applications is -6 dB. Thi s means that the input can fall as much
MULTIBAND CROSSOVER FREQUENCIES AND FILTERS: Like the as 6 dB below threshold without a drop in output level. An
human ear the SEC -800 interprets sound according to the predomin- intelligent feedback circuit determines the combined and weighted
ant characteristics of the audio spectrum: musical bass. voice va lue of each band to ensure consistent sound quality.
fundamentals. voice presence and musical high frequencies. When a JUMPER SELECTABLE BASS EO: To help compensate for deficien-
high frequency sound. such as a cymbal crash. occurs at the same cies in receiver bass response. the SEC-800 includes a Jumper
time as a low frequency bass. both qualities are preserved even with selectable 3 dB bass boost at 90 Hz. with a gentle roll off below. This
high levels of compression. Output equalization of each band is filter is designed to prevent subaudible transmission problems and to
adjustable from +6 dB to -12 dB; crossover points are 200 Hz. I kHz eliminate intermodulation effects common to medium or small
and 5 kHz. Since gentle 6 dB per octave filters are used. the transition speakers.
from one band to the next 1s subtle and smooth without the ripple
caused by sharper filters. TIME CONSTANTS: Like the SGC -800. the SEC-800 offers program
dependent attack time constants and a selection of slow. medium or
The design of this unit allows it to act as a dynamic equalizer as well . fast relea se. A front panel switch allows the selection of " limit" or
For example. material that is lacking in highs will be brightened. and "compress." In the limit position attack times are shortened to
material that is overly bright will have the highs reduced. The same is provide even faster control of peaks. This setting is ideal for some
true of each of the four bands. providing a very consistent. full music formats that require a more restricted dynamic range that is
bodied sound. free of clipping distortion artifacts.

SMP-900A: SMP-900A AM STEREO MATRIX PROCESSOR. AM shift common in plate modulated and some other transmitters. This
Stereo is quite different from FM and requires specia l techniques to circuit allows older transmitters to perform nearly as well as recent
provide full stereophonic fidelity while maintaining monophonic designs. Low frequency distortion is reduced and modulation capa-
compatibility. The SMP-900A incorporates a patented Matrix proces- bility can be increased from 5 to 20 percent in these transmitters.
sing system designed spec ifically to meet this criteria. The NRSC STANDARD PRE-EMPHASIS & LOW PASS FILTERING: The
SMP-900A includes the following main features: voluntary standards adopted by the NRSC are implemented in this
INPUT GAIN CONTROL: 0-8 dB of input L+R controlled gain unit. These consist of a mod ified 75 micro-second pre-emphasis
reduction provides mono support by providing consistent levels into curve. combined with a sharp low pass filter that reduces the
the limiter circuits. This eliminates "pumping," and other side effects bandwidth to 10 kHz. [See fig . C) Response is down 40 dB at II kHz.
caused by excessive peak limiting. In addition. a front panel switch allows se lection of adjustable pre-
MODIFIED MATRIX LIMITING : The SMP-900A utilizes a CRL
emphasis and a rear panel switch permits an optional II kHz
patented [US Pat. #4,679.239) combination of sum and difference bandwidth position. (I)
limiting and adjustable single channel limiting. Thi s insures full JUMPER SELECTABLE BASS EO: To help compensate for Bass
monophonic compatibility and prevents high density negative L only response deficiencies in sma ll and medium sized receivers. the SMP-
or R only peaks from causing excessive negative carrier modulation 900A includes a Jumper selectable 3 dB bass boost at /05 Hz. with an
which could cause receiver decoding problems. See fig . B. aggressive roll o ff below Thi s filter helps protect stereo pilots and
STEREO ENHANCEMENT: The SMP-900A uses a variable gain L-R reduces low frequency modulation requirements of transmitters.
component in front of the limiting network to allow the L-R which helps to maintain higher modulation levels.
component to be increased by up to 3 dB. This ca n be used to MONAURAL OUTPUT: For stand-by auxiliary transmitters. or for
produce dramatic improvements in perceived separation in many normal monaural operati on. a separate mono output with its own
receivers. leve l control and tilt correction system 1s provided.
TILT CORRECTION: Pioneered by CRL. this low frequency gain/ Note (I) : II kHz operation is NOT recommended by CRL and does not
phase adjustable equalizer compensates for low frequency phase comply with the US NRSC Voluntary Standards.

INPUT

+ 20
OUTPUT

+20
-30
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-30
-43

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DYNAFEX EXPANDER CHARACTERISTICS '
(at -30 dB Threshold Level)

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Typical transmitted Typical transmitted

'' CRL monaur•I support matrix stereo Umltlng pattern response of SMP- monophonic
-60 with adjustable decoder protection.
900A. NRSC output response of a CRL
20 200 2k 20k filter. (Monophonic PMC -300A
VCF CIRCUIT TYPICAL OPERATING RANGE Transmission)

Fig . A Fig . B Fig. C

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 SPECIFICATIONS
SGC·S0O IM D ISTORTION TIME CON STANTS
< 0 05% proof. < 0 25% operate i< 0 15% iyp1cal) al 9 dB G/R Progra m dependent attack;
INPUT !Ref 0 dBm = 0 775 VR M S) !BAND swllch In BOTH pos111on) switch selectable release action !Slow. M ed ium. Fast)
TYPE: Active balanced ld1fferent1all SMPTE method. 4 I ratio
IMPEDENCE: > 10 k ohms balanced bndg1ng GA IN REDUCTION METHOD
>5 k o hms unbalanced S+ N/N TvVO independent /lneanzed bands of gain reduction nd1ng atop a
TERMINATION: 600 o hms !selectable) > BO dB proof. > 70 dB operate wideband AGC platform. BAND switch allows 1nd1v1dual selecuon
LEVEL: -JO TO + 20 dBm referenced to 1npu1 G/ R threshold I > 72 dB iyp1calj of WIDEband only. MULT/band o nly or BOTH
> BO dB operate with dynafex NR In ldynafex threshold al ·25 dB) CROSSOVER FREQUENCY
OUTPUT measured from ihresho ld of G/R. 50 Hz to 20 kHz bandwidth 340 Hz. DUAL and BOTH operating modes
TYPE: Active balanced (transformerless)
IMPEDENCE: < 200 o hms balanced STEREO SEPARATIO N : GAIN REDUCTION ELEMENTS
/designed to dnve 600 ohm load! > 60 dB proof. > 50 dB operate /55 dB iyp1calj at 9 dB G/R !BAND Voltage controlled resistor (patented by CRLJ
LEVEL: Selectable 1n steps: •10. 0. +4. + 8. + 10 dBm switch In BOTH position)
50 Hz 10 20 kHz GATE RJNCTION
FREQUENCY RESPONSE Locks gain redua1o n at 20 d B below G/R threshold to prevent
t- / - 0 25 dB proof. + / - 0 5 dB opera1e al 9 dB G/R /BAND STEREO TRACKING: ampl1ficatron of nrnse floor.
SWII Ch 1n BOTH pos1t1on1. 50 Hz to 20 kHz. + 10 dBm output level Each channel of wideband AGC wrthin 1 dB of contro l channel over Internally adjustable 1·30 10 · 10 dB)
30 dB G/R range
N O ISE GENERATOR
HARMONIC DISTORTIO N GAIN REDUCTION RANGE Pulsed or Static USASI weighted uumper selectable)
< 0 1% proof. < 0 25% opera1e /< 0 15 iyp1calJ at 9 dB G/R > 30 dB. 50 Hz to 20 kHz
FRONT PANEL INDICATORS:
/BAND switch 1n BOTH pos1t1onj
COM PRESSIO N RATIO Dual 10 Segment LED relat1ve input levels meter with 22 dB. (28 dB
50 Hz to 20 kHz. + 10 dBm o utput level
20 I iyp1cal above 9 dB G/R With OVLDJ dynamlC range

SEC-800 IM D ISTORTI ON GAIN REDUCTION METHOD

< 0 08% proof. <0 35% operate (< OJ% iyp1cal) at 9 dB G/R 4 band VCR al ignment free design followed by 4 output control
INPUT !Ref 0 dBm =
0 775 VRM SJ (BAND switch 1n MULTI pos1t1onj VCAs . BAND switch allows 1nd1vidual selection of WIDEband only.
TYPE: Active balanced (d1fferent1a/J SM PTE method. 41 ratio or M ULTlband
IMPEDENCE: > I0 k ohms balance bndg1ng CROSSOVER FREQUENCY
>5 k ohms unbalanced S+ N/ N 200 Hz. I kHz. and 5 kHz With 6dB/ octave filters
TERMINATION: 600 ohms (selectable) > 75 dB proof. > 70 dB operate
LEVEL -JO TO + 20 dBm referenced to input G/R threshold I > 75 dB iyp1cal) GAIN REDUCTION ELEMENTS
measured from threshold of G/R. + 10 dBm 1nput/ou1pu1 level Voltage controlled res,stor (patented by CRL)
O UTPUT GAIN REDUCTION RANGE
TYPE: Active balanced itransformerless) GATE RJNCTION
> 30 dB. 50 Hz to 150 kHz
IMPEDENCE: < 200 ohms balanced Locks gain reduction at 10 or 20 dB below G/R threshold (switch
/designed to dnve 600 o hm load) STEREO SEPARATION selectable) to prevent amphfica11on o f noise floor.
LEVEL (maximum): + 18 dBm into 600 ohms @ 400 Hz
> 55 dB proof. > 45 dB operate ( > 50 dB iyp1cal) at 9 dB G/R (BAND FRONT PANEL INDICATORS:
SWI/Ch 1n M ULTI pos1t1o n)
kHz Dual 10 Segment LED relat1ve input level meters with 22 dB. (28 dB
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
50 Hz 10 10 with OVLD J dynamic range
+ I to · 6 dB proo f. at 9 dB G/ R
!BAND switch In M ULTI pos111onl. STEREO TRACKING
50 H7 ID 15 kHz. + 4 dBm output level Each channel of wideband AGC w Ith1n 0.2 d B of control channel
over 30 dB G/R range
HARMONIC DI STORTI ON
< 0 25% proof. < 0 6% operate /< 0 25% iyplCalj at 9 dB G/R TIME CONSTANTS
/BAND switch 1n MULTI pos111onj Progam dependent attack.
100 Hz to 15 kHz. + 4 dBm o utput level switch selectable release act ion (Slow. M edium. Fast)

SMP·900A ·3 dB at II kHz LIMITING:

> 30 dB atten at 13 5 kH z Selectable In I dB increments from 0 to +5 dB; dual band. crossover
INPUTS !Ref 0dBm = 0 775 VRMS) P1oo f mode: frequency: 35 kHz
TYPE · Active IMlanced /d1fferent1al ) 50 H7 to 15 kHz;+/ · IO dB
IMPEDENCE: ...-10 K ohms bndgIng SINGLE CHANNEL LIMITER:
TERM INATI ON· 600 ohm s /selectable) HARMO NIC DISTORTION Adjustable threshold from OFF to ·50%; used to prevent more than
LEVEL (adjUStablej· <· 10 TO + 20 dBm re/erenced 10 0 dB (+ 10 dBm 1nput/output. 20 kHz bandwidth) -70% envelope modulauon produced by a single channel. (Required
1nd1cat1on o n front panel level meter 9 5 or 11 kHz SW < 0 25% over selected operating bandwidth. at or by M otorola C -Quam® System)
below 100% negative modulation level
OUTPUTS STEREO ENHANCE:
TYPE : Active IJalanced ldtfferent1al) Proof mode <0 1%
Adjustable 0 to + 3 dB
IMPEDENCE: 100 o hms !designed 10 dnve 600 ohm load) S+ N/N:
LEVEL !adjustable): <·20 to t-20 dBm. ref to 100% negative ;,65 dB proof. > 60 1'8 operate PRE-EMPHASIS
nioc:Jul,won level. as estafJl1shed internally Fo llows NRSC standard pre-emphasis caraaens11c. 20 Hz to 10 kHz
STEREO SEPARATION: Operate mode > 35 dB over selected operating
FREQUENCY RESPONSE when front panel PRE-EMPHASIS ,ns 1n STD. position. cont1nuously
bandwidth
10 d B rd at 400 Ht. , 10 dBm Input/outp ut variable via front panel Hl· FREO EQUALIZATION contro l when front
> 45 dB iyp1cal
9', kHt filter) panel PRE-EMPHASIS switch IS In VAR. position
Proo f mode > 50 dB
50 H; to 8 kH7. +0/· 1 ', dB 1,andw1dth selec ted
CROSSTALK:
J cJB to 9 5 kH1 FRONT PANEL INDICATORS:
Operate Mode L+R to L· R or L· R to L+R. > 35 dB over selected Dual 10 Segment LED relative input level meters w ith 22 dB. 128 dB
,,,. 30 dB atten at IO 5 k.HL
bandwidth. > 40 dB typical w ith OVLD) dynamic range
...-40 dB attcn al 11 0 kH;
Proo f mode > 40 dB L+R and L-R limit 1nd1cators monitor activity o f patented overshoot-
Conforms to NRSC sr.:indard using 1equ1rcd dynamic
m<'dsurement m(:'t hod INPUT GAIN REDUCTION corrected filter o rcwuy
l I kHt flftcr bandw idth selecred Input leveling AGC. selectable 1n 2 dB increments to 8 dB
SO H; 10 10 kHt. +0/·I 5 dB > 20 dB overall range

GENERAL SPECIFICATIO N S
ISGC-800. SEC ·BOO. SMP·900A)

POWER REQUIREMENTS: OPERATING HUMIDITY: DIMENSIONS:

100-130 OR 200·2'>0 VAC. 48-440 Ht. 20 VA max 0-95% HR. no n-condens,ng 19" (48 3 cm) W. I 75" (4 5 cm) H. 16" (40.6 cm) D
FM l \ upprcssed . IEC conncctor s(andard 1nclud1ng protrud,ng controls and connectors
OPERATIN G ALTITUDE :
O PERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE 0-1 S.000 lrrt AM SL SHIPPING WEIGHT:
!8 lbs {1nclud1ng standard accessones)
37 to 122 degrees F 10 to 'JO degrees CJ Dynafex ,s a registered trademark of C1rcu1t Research Labs, Inc
r•1C -QUAM 1\ .-1 rf '(jl\l< 'H'd Traclcm.:u k o f M oto10 Ja Inc ©

THE CRL Systems

2522 West Geneva Drive
PROFESSIONAL'S Tempe, Arizona 85282
(8001 535-7648 f602J 438-0888
CHOICE TEL EX : 350464 CRL TMPE. UD.
FAX (602) 438-8227

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