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Experiment 3 Heat Transfer

The document outlines an experiment aimed at determining the heat transfer coefficient through forced convection using a heated circular pipe and air as the fluid. It details the apparatus specifications, procedure for conducting the experiment, precautions to take, and calculations needed to derive various parameters such as air flow rate, heat gained, and heat transfer coefficients. The results will include both experimental and theoretical heat transfer coefficients.

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29 views5 pages

Experiment 3 Heat Transfer

The document outlines an experiment aimed at determining the heat transfer coefficient through forced convection using a heated circular pipe and air as the fluid. It details the apparatus specifications, procedure for conducting the experiment, precautions to take, and calculations needed to derive various parameters such as air flow rate, heat gained, and heat transfer coefficients. The results will include both experimental and theoretical heat transfer coefficients.

Uploaded by

silvestermatonsi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 3:

AIM: To determine heat transfer coefficient by forced Convection.

THEORY:
Whenever a fluid is being forced over the heated surface, forced convection heat transfer occurs.
This apparatus consists of a circular pipe, through which cold fluid, i.e. air is being forced. Pipe is
heated by a band heater outside the pipe. Temperature of pipe is measure with thermocouple
attached to the pipe surface. Heater input is measured by a voltmeter and ammeter. Thus,
transfer rate and heat transfer co-efficient can be calculated.

SPECIFICATIONS: -
1. Test pipe 42.5mm ID. 500 mm long.
2. Baud heater for pipe.
3. Voltmeter & ammeter for heater.
4. Dimmerstat 2 Amps. for heater input control.
5. Multichannel distal temperature indicator.
6. Blower to force the air through test pipe.
7. Orificemeter with water manometer.

PROCEDURE:
• Insert male socket of control panel.
Before switching the unit ON, make sure that the Dimmerstat is at the
zero position
• Connect the Manometer tapings the Orifice Plate.
• Start the main switch of control panel and switch ON the electric supply.
Switch On the Blower.
• Increase slowly the input to heater by the dimmerstat starting from o volts position.
• Adjust input of heat supplied to heater by voltmeter and amineter.
• See that this input remains constant throughout the experiment.
• Wait till the steady state is reached, which is confirmed from temperature readings T2 to T6.
• Measure surface temperatures at the various points at T2 to T5.
• Note the Air Inlet and Air Outlet temperature T1& T7.
• Note the manometer reading.
• Go on checking the temperature at some specified time intervals say 10 minutes and continue
this till a satisfactory steady state (i.e. No change in temperature with respect to time - it will take
about an hour to one and half hour) condition is reached.
NOTE:-
Do not increase the ampere from 0 - 1.5 ampere.

PRECAUTIONS:
→ Make sure that the dimerstat is at Zero position before switching on the
heater.
→ Do not obstruct the suction of the duct or discharge pipe..
→ Increase the watt gradually of the heater during initial set-up
experimentation.
→ Never use the heater at full watt for longer period of time.
→ Operate the change over switch of temperature indicator gently from
one position to other, i.e. from 1 to 6 position.

OBSERVATION:
1. Outer Diameter of the Pipe ( Do) :34mm
2. Inner Diameter of the Pipe (Di) :28mm
3. Orifice Diameter :14mm
4. Coefficient of Discharge for Orifice :0.64
5. LENGTH OF PIPE 0.500M

VII. OBSERVATION TABLE;

SI.No Volt(v) AMP.I TEMPRETURE° C MANOMETER

DIFFERENCE

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7

TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATION

T1- AIR INLET TEMPERATURE


T7- AIR OUTLET TEMPERATURE
T2 TO T6 - TEMPERATURE SENSOR ON GI PIPE

DISTANCE OF SENSOR
T2=50 MM, T3=150 MM Т4=250MM T5=350 MM T6=450 MM

CALCULATION:

1. Air inlet temperature T1 = ......°C

2. Air outlet temperature T7= ......°C


3. Density of air:

Pa= (1.293 *273)/(273+T1)

4. Diameter of orifice =14 mm

5. Manometer difference = water head = hw = difference in manometer limbs = ......mm


= ......m

6. Air head

ha = hw (Pw/ Pa)

Where,
Pw=density of water =1000 Kg/m3

7. Air volumetric flow rate

Q=Cd* a0* √ 2 𝑔h𝑎 = ...... m3/sec

Where;
Cd = 0.64
ao = cross- sectional area of orifice

8. Mass flow rate of air

ma= Q* Pa = ……. Kg /sec

9. Velocity of air

V = Q ÷ ap = ......m/s

Where;

ap = cross- sectional area of pipe


= ......(m2)

10. Heat gained by air

Qair= ma * Cpa * (T2-T1) = ......W

Where,
Cpa= Specific heat of air = 1KJ/KgK
11. Average inside surface temperature,
Ts = (T2+T3+T4+TS+T6)/s °C

12. Bulk mean temperature of air,


Tm = (T1 + T2)/2 °C

13. Actual heat loss due to forced convection = Qair - QR

QR = heat loss due to radiation

QR = 𝜎 * 0.4 * A * (T(s)- T(a))


Where,
A = inside surface area of pipe= 𝜋 * dI * L

𝜎 = Stefan Boltzmann constant= 5.670367*10-8 W/ m2. K4

14. Experimental heat transfer coefficient

hEXPT = [(Qair - QR) ÷ A (TS - Tm)]

15. Reynolds number, ReD = (V*Di)/v

v = kinematic viscosity at Tm from air data given:


If ReD< 2300, Nu =4.36
If Reynolds no. exceeds 2300, flow is turbulent
For turbulent flow,
Nu= 0.023 (ReD)0.8(Pr)0.4
Pr. At Ts

16. Free convective heat transfer coefficient

htheo= (Nu*k)/L = ......W/m2K

RESULT:
• Experimental heat transfer coefficient, h(expt) = ………W/m2K

• Experimental heat transfer coefficient, h(theo) = ………W/m2K

X. CONCLUSION:

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