Product Development

CIA - 1 Portions and Study Material Details

Part A_2 Marks
1. List the significance of Engineering Design.
Refer PPT 1.1 (Slide No: 16 to 18)

2. Define Engineering design process.

As per ABET Definition:-

• The process of devising a System, Component or Process to meet desired needs.

• It is a decision – making process (Often iterative), in which the basic sciences, mathematics and
engineering sciences are applied to optimally convert resources to meet a stated objective.

• Among the fundamental elements of the design process is the establishment of objectives and
criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction, testing and evaluation.

3. Enumerate the steps involved in the engineering design process.

Step 1: Recognizing the need for a product or a service
Step 2: Problem definition and understanding
Step 3: Research and preparation
Step 4: Conceptualization
Step 5: Synthesis
Step 6: Evaluation
Step 7: Optimization – minimization or maximization
Step 8: Presentation
4. Enlist the various steps in new product development process.

• Idea Generation.
• Idea Screening.
• Concept Development & Testing.
• Marketing Strategy Development.
• Business Analysis.
• Product Development.
• Market Testing.
• Commercialization.
 5. Explain the Activities Involved in the Synthesis Phase of the Engineering Design
Process:

At this point you begin to consider the following details

• Perform calculations, run computer models, narrow down the type of materials to be used,
size the components of the system, and answer questions about how the product is going to
be fabricated
• Consult pertinent codes and standards for compliance
6. Explain the term "Design Paradox".
Refer PPT 1.1 Slide No: 36

7. Differentiate Drop Error and Go Error in the Idea Screening Process:

Drop Error: This occurs when a potentially successful idea is mistakenly rejected or
dropped during the screening process. It represents a missed opportunity, where an
idea with potential value is eliminated prematurely.

Go Error: This happens when an idea that is not viable or lacks potential is mistakenly
selected to proceed to the next phase. It can lead to wasted resources on the development
of an impractical or unsuccessful concept.
8. Compare product line and product mix.

Product Line: A product line refers to a group of related products or services offered
by a company that share common characteristics, target similar markets, or fulfill
related needs. For example, a smartphone company may have a product line that
includes different models of smartphones.

Product Mix: Product mix, on the other hand, refers to the entire range of products or
services that a company offers. It encompasses all the product lines available to
consumers. In the case of a technology company, the product mix may include
smartphones, laptops, accessories, and software.
9. Explain the term “Break-Even Point”.
The break-even point is the point at which total revenue equals total costs, resulting in neither
profit nor loss. It is the level of production or sales where the company covers all its fixed and
variable costs. Beyond the break-even point, the company starts to generate a profit, while
below it, the company incurs losses.
Elaborate on the Concept Generation phase in Product Development Methodologies.
10. Define Concept Scoring.

• Concept scoring typically refers to the process of assigning scores to different concepts
or ideas based on predefined criteria.
• This can be applied in various contexts, including business, education, research, or any
situation where you need to compare and rank different concepts.
 Here's a general outline of how concept scoring might work:
1. Define Criteria: Clearly outline the criteria or attributes that you will use to evaluate
the concepts. These criteria should be relevant to the goals or objectives you're trying
to achieve.
2. Assign Weights: Assign weights to each criterion based on its importance. Some
criteria may be more critical than others in the overall evaluation.
3. Score Concepts: Evaluate each concept against the defined criteria and assign scores
based on how well each concept meets the criteria. This could be a numerical score or
a qualitative rating.
4. Aggregate Scores: If you have multiple criteria, combine the individual scores to get
an overall score for each concept. This can be done by multiplying each criterion score
by its weight and summing up the results.
5. Rank Concepts: Once you have the aggregated scores, you can rank the concepts from
highest to lowest. This ranking helps identify which concepts are most favorable
according to the established criteria.
6. Decision Making: Use the ranked list to make informed decisions. The concept with
the highest score or ranking is generally considered the most suitable or desirable based
on the specified criteria.
11. Recall and describe the term “concept generation”.
Concept Generation is the process of creating and developing new ideas to solve a problem
or fulfill a need. It is commonly used in engineering, product design, marketing, and
innovation-driven fields. The goal of concept generation is to explore a wide range of potential
solutions before narrowing them down to the most promising ones.
12. Elaborate on the Concept Generation phase in Product Development Methodologies.

- Involves creative brainstorming of potential product ideas.

- Encourages diverse thinking and exploration.

- Lays the foundation for innovative solutions.

13. Report the details included in the mission statement.

• A set of long-term goals unique to each organization and including statements about the
kind of business the company wants to be in, who its customers are, its basic beliefs
about business, and its goals of survival, growth, and profitability.
Eg:
14. List few guidelines for writing customer need statement.
Guidelines for writing Need Statements:

• Express the need in terms of what the product has to do, not in terms of how it might
do it.

• Express the need as specifically as the raw data

• Use positive, not negative, phrasing
• Express the need as an attribute of the product

• Avoid the words must and should

15. Define Concept Testing in the product development process.

• Concept Testing means presenting the product concept to target consumers, physically
or symbolically, and getting their reactions. (quantitative methods and qualitative
methods (one to one interview, Focus groups, process of observation) to evaluate
consumer response to a product idea prior to the introduction of a product to the
market).
16. Differentiate between Customer and User Needs in the context of product
development.

- Customer needs focus on broader business goals.

- User needs pertain to individuals interacting with the product.

- Customer needs relate to the overall value proposition.

- User needs involve product usability, functionality, and experience.

Interpret the reasons for a new product failure.
Reasons for a new product failure

• Pushed by high level executives despite Poor marketing research findings

• Product design problems

• Insufficient marketing effort

• Wrong timing

• The wrong group was targeted.

• Excessive development costs.

• Competitive reaction.

Part B - 8/16 Marks

Questions

(Questions Shaded in yellow shall be concentrated more and may expect in 8/16 Marks)

1. Write in detail about the importance of engineering design process.

Refer PPT 1.1 (Slide No: 16 to 18)

2. Report the challenges faced during the product development process.

Refer PPT 1.2 (Slide No: 29 & 30).

3. Elaborate Engineering design process steps with suitable example.

(Refer PPT in section 1.1 of PD Google Classroom (GCR)).

4. Compare scientific and design method with the help of a flow diagram. (Refer PPT
in section 1.1 of GCR) (or) refer page no 8-10 in "George E.Dieter, Linda C.Schmidt,
“Engineering Design”, McGraw- Hill International Edition, 4th Edition, 2009" Which is
 available in E-Books folder of PD Google Classroom.

5. List and discuss about the types of Engineering Design. (Refer PPT in section 1.1 of
GCR) (or) refer page no 5&6 in "George E.Dieter, Linda C.Schmidt, “Engineering
Design”, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 4th Edition, 2009" Which is available in
E- Books folder of PD Google Classroom.

6. Discuss in detail about the steps involved in New product development process.
(Refer PPT in section 1.2 of PD Google Classroom (GCR) or refer section 16.6 of
Chapter 16 in " Chitale, AK, Gupta, RC, “Product Design and Manufacturing” PHI,
2013. Which is available in E- Books folder of PD Google Classroom.

7. Define Product Life Cycle (PLC) and also the different stages involved in PLC.
(Refer PPT in section 1.2 or refer page no 47&48 in "George E.Dieter, Linda C.Schmidt,
“Engineering Design”, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 4th Edition, 2009" Which is
available in E-Books folder of PD Google Classroom.

8. Explain in detail the process involved in identification of customer needs with a neat
flow diagram. (Refer PPT in section 1.3 or refer chapter 5 (Pgno: 73 to 88) in " Ulrich,
Karl, and Steven Eppinger. “Product Design and Development”, 5th. New York, Y:
McGraw-Hill, 2015" Which is available in E-Books folder of PD Google Classroom.

9. Illustrate the activities involved in concept generation process with suitable

example. (Refer PPT in section 1.4 of PD Google Classroom (GCR) or refer chapter 7
(Pgno: 117 to 140) in " Ulrich, Karl, and Steven Eppinger. “Product Design and
Development”, 5th. New York, Y: McGraw-Hill, 2015" Which is available in E-Books
folder of PD Google Classroom.

10. Discuss in detail about Pugh Concept selection method, concept screening and
scoring. (Refer PPT in section 1.5 of PD Google Classroom (GCR) slide no 1 to 36 or
refer chapter 8 (Pgno: 143 to 157) in " Ulrich, Karl, and Steven Eppinger. “Product
Design and Development”, 5th. New York, Y: McGraw-Hill, 2015" Which is available
in E-Books folder of PD Google Classroom.

2.