The document provides notes for 8th-grade chemistry on physical and chemical changes, defining key terms and illustrating concepts with examples. It includes exercises such as fill-in-the-blanks, correcting statements, matching terms, and true/false questions related to the chapter. Key topics covered include gas evolution, color change, endothermic reactions, and changes of state in chemical reactions.
The document provides notes for 8th-grade chemistry on physical and chemical changes, defining key terms and illustrating concepts with examples. It includes exercises such as fill-in-the-blanks, correcting statements, matching terms, and true/false questions related to the chapter. Key topics covered include gas evolution, color change, endothermic reactions, and changes of state in chemical reactions.
The document provides notes for 8th-grade chemistry on physical and chemical changes, defining key terms and illustrating concepts with examples. It includes exercises such as fill-in-the-blanks, correcting statements, matching terms, and true/false questions related to the chapter. Key topics covered include gas evolution, color change, endothermic reactions, and changes of state in chemical reactions.
The document provides notes for 8th-grade chemistry on physical and chemical changes, defining key terms and illustrating concepts with examples. It includes exercises such as fill-in-the-blanks, correcting statements, matching terms, and true/false questions related to the chapter. Key topics covered include gas evolution, color change, endothermic reactions, and changes of state in chemical reactions.
KUNDALAHALLI, BANGALORE. SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY GRADE: 8TH Chapter 2 – Physical and Chemical changes (Notes) Answer the following: 1. Define the following terms: i. Physical change ii. Chemical change iii. Chemical reaction Ans: i. A change which alters some specific property of matter without any change in the composition of its molecules is called physical change. ii. A change which alters the specific properties of a substance by bringing about a change in its molecular composition, followed by a change in its state is chemical change. iii. A change which not only alters some specific property of matter, but also changes its composition is called chemical change.
2. Give two examples which illustrates the evolution of a gas during a chemical reaction. Ans: i. Zinc metal treated with dilute sulphuric acid; hydrogen gas is evolved. Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
Zinc Sulphuric acid Zinc sulphate Hydrogen
ii. When sodium nitrate is heated, they melt and liberate oxygen gas. 3. Give two examples which illustrates the change of colour during a chemical reaction. Ans: i. When red lead oxide heated strongly, it forms yellow lead monoxide and oxygen gas.
ii. When green copper carbonate is heated strongly, it forms black copper oxide and carbon dioxide gas.
4. Define endothermic reactions. Give two examples.
Ans: The chemical reaction that proceeds with the absorption of heat energy are called endothermic reactions. Ex: i. When sodium bicarbonate is strongly heated, it forms sodium carbonate, steam and carbon dioxide.
ii. When nitrogen and oxygen are together heated; forms nitric oxide gas. N2 + O2 + Heat energy 2NO
5. Give two examples to show a change of state during a chemical reaction.
Ans: i. Two volumes of hydrogen and one volume of oxygen gas combines to forms water which is in liquid state.
ii. Red hot carbon (solid state) reacts with sulphur (vapour state) to form carbon disulphide (liquid state). 6. Write the difference between physical and chemical changes. (Refer textbook for the answer. Page no. 26)
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Exercise answers A) Fill in the blanks: 1. exothermic 2. liquid 3. dirty green 4. yellow 5. H2S
B) Correct the incorrect statements:
1. Lead nitrate on strong heating decompose to form lead oxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas. 2. The reaction between magnesium and oxygen is an exothermic reaction. 3. The decomposition of ammonium chloride into ammonia and oxygen is endothermic reaction. 4. Copper carbonate on strong heating leaves behind a residue which is black in colour. 5. Ammonia gas and HCl gas react to form solid ammonium chloride.
1. b) an exothermic reaction 2. a) an endothermic reaction 3. c) reddish brown 4. b) solid state 5. d) white colour -----------------Textbook------------------
