許誠哲統計: 暑期小考 (2024-2025) 範圍: CH11 變異數分析

• 單選題共 30 題, 每題 3 分, 不倒扣。
作答表單
• 多選題共 2 題, 每題 5 分, 不倒扣。 多選題每題有 5 個選項, 至少
有一個正確答案。 若答對 k 個選項即得到 k 分。 例如正確答案為
ACD 但回答為 BCD, 則答對 3 個選項, 故得 3 分。

• 考試時間 100 分鐘, 可以使用計算機。

• 請掃描作答表單 QR code 或 點選連結 , 利用 google 表單作答。

Part I 單選題: 請選出一個正確或最佳答案

1. A Type I error occurs when performing one-way ANOVA when we

(A) conclude that the group means are equal but, in fact, they are not equal.
(B) conclude that the group variances are equal but, in fact, they are not equal.
(C) conclude that the group means are not equal but, in fact, they are equal.
(D) conclude that the group variances are not equal but, in fact, they are equal.
(E) None of the above 《111 台大國企乙》
2. Based on the assumptions of an ANOVA procedure, which of the following cannot be deter-
mined?
(A) The distributions of the populations;
(B) Whether the samples are independent or not;
(C) Whether all the population means are different;
(D) The variance of the other populations if the variance of one population is known as 10.
《110 中央企研》
3. Which of the following is not a required assumption for the analysis of variance?
(A) The random variable of interest for each population has a normal probability distribution.
(B) The variance associated with the random variable must be the same for each population.
(C) At least 2 populations are under consideration.
(D) Populations have equal means. 《110 中正財金》
4. Which of the following components in an ANOVA table are not additive?
(A) Sum of squares.

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 (B) Degrees of freedom.
(C) Mean squares.
(D) It is not possible to tell. 《109 中正財金》
5. In one-way ANOVA, suppose that there are three treatments with n1 5, n2 6, and n3 5.
Then numerator degrees of freedom and df, denominator degrees of freedom are:
(A) df1 3, df2 13
(B) df1 3, df2 16
(C) df1 2, df2 16
(D) df1 2, df2 13
(E) df1 2, df2 15 《113 交大管科》
6. The distribution of the test statistic for analysis of variance is the:
(A) normal distribution
(B) Student t-distribution
(C) F-distribution
(D) binomial distribution
(E) chi-square distribution 《113 交大管科》
7. Which of the following is not true of the F-distribution?
(A) It is symmetric around zero.
(B) It is skewed to the right.
(C) Its values are always positive.
(D) It is used in ANOVA test.
(E) All of these. 《113 交大管科》
8. A study was conducted to investigate whether the mean assembling times (in minutes) of cell
phones by three machines are the same. To do ANOVA, which of the following assumptions is
not required?
(A) The assembling times from each machine follow a normal distribution.
(B) The assembling times from each machine are independent.
(C) The variances of the three population distributions are the same.
(D) The sample size from each machine must be at least 5. 《112 政大企研》
9. (continued) Let the three population means be i, i 1, 2, 3 and the three population variances
be of, i 1, 2, 3. Let the three sample means be X̄ i , i 1, 2, 3 and the three sample variances be
S i2 , i 1, 2, 3. Determine the hypotheses.
(A) H0  S1 S2 S3 vs. H1  S iœ s are not all equal.
(B) H0  X̄1 X̄2 X̄3 vs. H1  X̄ iœ s are not all equal.

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 (C) H0  σ1 σ2 σ3 vs. H1  σiœ sare not all equal.
(D) H0  µ1 µ2 µ3 vs. H1  µ œi s are not all equal. 《112 政大企研》
10. (continued) Suppose that the sample sizes from the three machines are n1 15, n2 15 and
n3 12, and that SSbetween 32 and SSwithin 90. Obtain the F statistic.
(A) 0.36
(B) 4.62
(C) 6.93
(D) none of the above 《112 政大企研》
11. (continued) To obtain the p-value, which of the following is required.
(A) the computed F value
(B) the significance level
(C) the rejection region
(D) all of the above 《112 政大企研》
12. Consider a one-way ANOVA with the null hypothesis stating that there is no difference between
the treatment means. Multiple comparison methods are used for comparing treatment means,
when the null hypothesis is:
(A) rejected
(B) accepted
(C) equal to zero
(D) either rejected or accepted
(E) neither rejected nor accepted 《113 交大管科》
For the following questions, please read the scenario and output below. To compare the performance
characteristics of four brands of space heaters, a researcher bought all the heaters they could find
from these brands and tested them. For performance, the researcher measured the amount of time
it took to warm up a specific-sized room by 5 degrees from a set temperature. They also coded the
characteristics of the space heaters. The researcher first conducted a one-way ANOVA on the space
heaters’ performance among the four brands. The output is given below.

ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 6.000 3 1.9998 18.85 3.46E-05
Error 1.713 16 0.1061
Total 7.713 19

Post hoc analysis

Tukey simultaneous comparison t-values (d.f.= 16)

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 Brand 2 Brand 3 Brand 4 Brand 1
1.40 2.28 2.58 2.95
Brand 2 1.40
Brand 3 2.28 4.27
Brand 4 2.58 5.38 1.35
Brand 1 2.95 7.09 3.07 1.63
Critical values for experimentwise error rate:
0.05 2.91
0.01 3.76

13. Based on the output, at a significance level of .05, we would conclude that
(A) brand 1 differs from brand 3, and brand 3 differs from brand 2, while the rest of the space
heater pairs do not differ from each other in terms of their performance.
(B) brand 1 differs from brand 3, and brand 2 differs from brands 1, 3, and 4, while the rest of
the space heater pairs do not differ from each other in terms of their performance.
(C) only brand 2 differs from the other three brands, while the rest of the space heater pairs do
not differ from each other in terms of their performance.
(D) all four brands of space heaters differ from each other in terms of their performance.
(E) none of the four brands of space heaters differ from each other in terms of their
performance. 《113 台大商研》
14. How many heaters did the researcher test in this research?
(A) 17
(B) 19
(C) 20
(D) 21
(E) 38 《113 台大商研》
15. Tony would like to proceed a one-way ANOVA to example if the products from three production
lines are similar, and he collects 10 products randomly from each of the production line. Tony
rejects the null hypothesis that the products are equal and he would like to further proceed a pair-
wise comparison to determine why the bull hypothesis is rejected with the Fisher’s LSD (Least
squared distance) method, what is the distribution he needs to decide if the test statistic(s) is(are)
significant?
(A) t19
(B) t27
(C) F2,29

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 (D) F2,27 《107 成大統研》
16. Refer to previous question, what is the overall Type-I error rate of the pairwise multiple compar-
isons if the a is set to be 0.05 for each comparison
(A) 0.00125
(B) 0.15
(C) 0.143
(D) 0.184 《107 成大統研》
17. Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) multiple comparison method is flawed because
(A) it will increase β; the probability of committing a Type II error
(B) it will increase α; the probability of committing a Type I error
(C) it will increase both α and β, the probabilities of committing Type I and Type II errors,
respectively
(D) it will increase α; the probability of committing a Type II error
(E) none of these choices 《103 台大商研》
18. In a completely randomized design for ANOVA, the numerator and denominator degrees of free-
dom are 4 and 25, respectively. The total number of observations must equal:
(A) 24
(B) 25
(C) 29
(D) 30
(E) 31 《113 交大管科》
19. In the randomized block design for ANOVA, where k is the number of treatments and b in the
number of blocks, the number of degrees of freedom for error is:
(A) k  1
(B) b  1
(C) ˆ k  1ˆb  1.
(D) kb  1
(E) kb  1 《113 交大管科》
20. In a randomized block design of ANOVA, which of the following statements is true?
(A) The sum of squares for treatments (SST) measures the variation among the treatment
means.
(B) The sum of squares for blocks (SSB) measures the variation among the block means.
(C) The sum of squares for error (SSE) measures the variation of the differences among the
treatment observations within blocks.

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 (D) All of these.
(E) None of these. 《113 交大管科》
21. In a two-way ANOVA, where a is the number of factor A levels and b is the number of factor B
levels, the number of the degrees of freedom for the "error term" is:
(A) ˆ a  1ˆb  1.
(B) n  ab
(C) ˆ a  1  ˆb  1.
(D) abn  1
(E) ˆ a  1ˆb  1 《113 交大管科》
22. An automobile dealer conducted a test to determine if the time in minutes needed to complete
a minor engine tune-up depends on whether a computerized engine analyzer or an electronic
analyzer is used. Because tune-up time varies among compact, intermediate, and full-sized cars,
the three types of cars were used as blocks in the experiment. The data are given below.

Analyzer
Computerized Electronic Row means x̄ i.
Compact 30 22 26
Car Intermediate 35 24 29.5
Full-sized 43 26 34.5
Column means x̄ . j 36 24 overall mean x 30

What is the value of sum of squares due to blocks (SSBL)?

(A) 34
(B) 36.5
(C) 68
(D) 73
(E) 216 《112 成大統研》
23. (Continued) Given the total sum of squares (SST=310), and sum of squares due to treatments
(SSTR=216), what is the value of the sum of squares due to error (SSE) and its corresponding
degrees of freedom (DF)?
(A) SSE=10.5; DF =2
(B) SSE=10.5; DF =1
(C) SSE=21; DF =2
(D) SSE=21; DF =1
(E) SSE=94; DF =2 《112 成大統研》

© 許誠哲(2024-2025). All rights reserved. 6

24. In a sample data of 45 heart failure patients, there are three variables: time is the survival time
(days) of the patient; sex is the gender of the patient; anaemia: whether the patient has anaemia.
The following is the interaction plot, in which the Y-axis gives each group’s mean survival time.
What does it reveal in the plot?
sex man woman
••
220

time
215 •
210

•
Yes N0
anaemia

(A) All the two main effects and interaction are likely significant.
(B) Only the two main effects are likely significant.
(C) Only the main effect anaemia is likely significant.
(D) Only the main effect sex is likely significant. 《113 政大財管》
25. (Cont.) Regardless of the previous findings, we consider the data analysis of a two-way ANOVA
with interaction term. From a sample data of 45 heart failure patients, it’s provided that SS(anaemia)=110,
SS(sex)=40, SS(total)=700 and MSE=12. The F-value of the interaction is around
(A) 3
(B) 5
(C) 7
(D) 9 《113 政大財管》
26. Random samples of two freshmen, two sophomores, two juniors, and two seniors each from
four dormitories were asked to rate on a scale from 1 (poor) to 10 (excellent) the quality of the
dormitory environment for studying. The results are shown in the following table:

Ratings of the two students for each dormitory

Dormitory A Dormitory B Dormitory C Dormitory D
Freshman 7 5 8 6 9 8 9 9
Sophomore 6 8 5 5 7 8 8 9
Junior 5 4 7 6 6 7 7 8
Senior 7 4 6 8 7 5 6 7
ANOVA Table
Source of Variation SS df MS F Sig.
Dormitory 20.3438 3 6.7813 5.8649 0.0067
Student year 10.5938 3 3.5313 3.0541 0.0587
Interaction 16.0313 9 1.7813 1.5405 0.2160
Error 18.5000 16 1.1563
Total 65.4689 31

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 Which of the following statement is correct?
(A) The population mean ratings for at least two of the four dormitories are not the same.
(B) There is insufficient evidence that the population mean ratings of the four student years are
not the same.
(C) There is insufficient evidence that interaction exists between year and dormitory ratings.
(D) Both A and C are correct.
(E) A, B, and C are correct. 《112 台大國企乙》
27. When the effect of a level for one factor depends on which level of another factor is present, the
most appropriate ANOVA design to use in this situation is the:
(A) One-way ANOVA with 2 treatments.
(B) Two-factor ANOVA with interaction.
(C) Two-factor ANOVA with no interaction.
(D) None of these choices 《110 台大商研》
28. 欲進行無重複兩因子變異數分析時, 應先確認下列何者實際不存在而將其視為誤差項?
(A) 交互作用
(B) 單因子主效果
(C) 截距
(D) 總變異
(E) 以上皆非。 《106 中山企研》
29. 有重複雙因子變異數分析中, A 因子有 3 個水平, B 因子有 2 個水平, 且有 4 個重複, 則 A 與 B 交
互作用的自由度為多少?
(A) 2
(B) 6
(C) 12
(D) 18
(E) 以上皆非。 《106 中山企研》
30. 有重複雙因子變異數分析中, 繪製平均位的線形圖 (或折線圖) 可觀察兩因子之間的
(A) 常態效果
(B) 交互效果
(C) 同質效果
(D) 獨立效果
(E) 以上皆非。 《106 中山企研》

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Part II 多選題: 請選出至少一個正確答案

31. Which of the following is/are correct about ANOVA?

(A) One assumption of ANOVA is that all samples are drawn independently;
(B) One assumption of ANOVA is that the variances of the populations are equal;
(C) Suppose four groups are compared, the null hypothesis is µ1 µ2 µ3 µ4 , while the
alternative hypothesis is µ1 x µ2 x µ3 x µ4 ;
(D) One-way ANOVA is a one-tailed test, while two-way ANOVA is a two-tailed test;
(E) If the test result is not to reject the null hypothesis, we must perform a post-hoc test to
confirm that these groups are truly no different from each other. 《113 中山企研》
32. The following data are from a completely randomized design:

Treatment A Treatment B Treatment C

162 142 126
142 156 122
165 124 138
145 142 140
148 136 150
174 152 128
Sample mean 156 142 134
Sample variance 164.4 131.2 110.4

The ANOVA table is set up for this problem:

Source of F critical
Variation SS df MS F P-value value
Between Groups ? ? 1 3 ? 4
Within Groups ? ? 2
Total ? ?

Conduct the statistical testing at the 0.05 level of significance. Which of the following descrip-
tions is/are correct?
(A) 1 = 496;
(B) 2 = 135.333;
(C) 3 = 3.666;
(D) 4 = 3.6823;
(E) Based on the statistical testing, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the means
for the three treatments are not equal. 《113 中山企研》

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