Let be the area of the lawn,

then

 Lengths must be positive.

 and , i.e. .

When ,

y 5 000

+ 0 

 When , A attains its global maximum.

 The maximum area of the lawn is .

129. In the figure, the window frame is made of iron rods. Upper part of the window frame is a
semi-circle with the radius of r cm and the lower part is a rectangle with the length of 2 r cm
and width of h cm. The rectangular window frame is supported by 2 horizontal iron rods and 2
vertical iron rods.

r cm

h cm

2r cm

(a) If the total length of iron rods is 400 cm, express h in terms of r.

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 (b) Find the maximum area of the window.

(a)

(b) Let be the area of the window.

 All lengths of sides must be positive.

 and , i.e. .

When ,

A 2 500

 0 

 When , A attains its global maximum.

 The maximum area of the window is .

130. At 1 p.m., ship A was 100 km due east of ship B. Ship A sailed due west at a speed of 10 km/h
and ship B sailed due north at a speed of 20 km/h. Let s km be the distance between the two
ships after t hours (t  0) where corresponds to 1 p.m.

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 (a) Prove that .
(b) When would the two ships be closest to each other? Find the shortest distance between
the two ships.

(a) Suppose ship B started at point P at 1 p.m. Ship A and ship B sailed to point R and point Q
respectively after t hours.
Q

s km
20t km

P (100  10t) km R

(Pyth. theorem)

(b)

When ,

 0 

 When , s attains its global minimum.

 The two ships would be closest to each other at 3 p.m. and the shortest distance between
the two ships was .
131. If the minimum amount of material is used to make a rectangular box of the capacity
with a square base but without cover, find the height of the box.

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 Let x cm be the length of side of the square base of the box, h cm be its height and be
the area of the material used.

When ,

 0 

 When , A attains its global minimum.

 When the minimum amount of material is used, the height of the box is 3 cm.

132. In the figure, the length, width and height of a cuboid are 2 x cm, x cm and h cm respectively.
Its surface area is .

h cm

x cm
2x cm

(a) Express h in terms of x.

(b) Express the volume of the cuboid in terms of x.
(c) Find the maximum volume of the cuboid.

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 (a)

(b) Let be the volume of the cuboid.

 Volume of the cuboid

(c)  All lengths of sides must be positive.

 and , i.e. .

When ,

or (rejected)

V 72 000

 0 

When , V attains its global maximum.

 The maximum volume of the cuboid is .
133. The slant height of a right circular cone is . Let and r cm be the volume and base
radius of the cone respectively.

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 6 cm

r cm

(a) Express V in terms of r.

(b) Find the base radius of the cone such that its volume is the greatest.

(a) Let h cm be the height of the cone.

(Pyth. theorem)

(b)  All lengths must be positive.

 and , i.e. .

When ,

(rejected) or
or (rejected)
r

 0 

 When , V attains its global maximum.

 When the base radius of the cone is 2 cm, its volume is the greatest.
134. As shown in the figure, a person is going to cut out a cylinder from a sphere with the radius of
. Let h cm and r cm be the height and base radius of the cylinder respectively.

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 h cm 12 cm

r cm

(a) Express r in terms of h.

(b) Let be the volume of the cylinder. Express V in terms of h.
(c) Find the maximum volume of the cylinder as h varies.

(a) (Pyth. theorem)

(b)

(c)  All lengths of sides must be positive.

 and , i.e. .

When ,

or (rejected)

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  0 

 When , V attains its global maximum.

 The maximum volume of the cylinder is .

135. The figure shows a right cylinder vessel with a lid. Its base radius is r cm, the height is h cm
and the capacity is . The vessel is made of aluminium sheet and its cost is 3 cents per
. There is a steel sheet inside the vessel such that the vessel is divided into two equal
parts. The cost of the steel sheet is  cents per . Let C cents be the production cost of a
vessel.

h cm

r cm

(a) Express h in terms of  and r.

(b) Prove that .

(c) Find the lowest production cost of a vessel. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant
figures.)

(a)

(b)

(c)

When ,

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 r

C 503

 0 

 When , C attains its global minimum.

 The lowest production cost of a vessel is 503 cents.

136. A lead bar with the volume of is melted and recast into two spheres. Find the
maximum total surface area of the two spheres.

Let x cm and y cm be the radii of two spheres and be the total surface area of the two
spheres.

 Lengths must be positive.

 and , i.e. .

When ,

or (rejected)

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 x

 0 

 When , A attains its global maximum.

 The maximum total surface area of the two spheres is .

137. The figure shows a right cylindrical container with the base radius of r cm and height of h cm.
On the top of it, there is a thin hollow hemispherical lid with the radius of r cm. The capacity
of the container is (excluding the part enclosed with the lid). The container is made
of metal sheets. The cost of the lid is p cents per where p is a positive constant, the cost
of the curved surface of the cylinder is  cents per and the cost of the base is 3 cents
per . Let C cents be the production cost of a container.

h cm

r cm

(a) Express h in terms of  and r.

(b) Prove that .
(c) The production cost of a container is the lowest when . Find the value of p.
(d) Find the lowest production cost of a container.

(a)

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 (b)

(c)

When ,

 0 

 When , C attains its global minimum.

(d) When ,

 The lowest production cost of a container is 300 cents.

138. In the figure, there is a right cylinder with the base radius of r cm and height of h cm inside a

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 hollow right circular cone with the base radius of 5 cm and height of 30 cm.

r cm
30 cm

h cm

5 cm

(a) Express h in terms of r.

(b) Find the base radius of the cylinder such that its volume is the greatest.
(c) Find the base radius of the cylinder such that its surface area is the greatest.

(a) B

D 30 cm

h cm

C E A
5 cm

r cm

(b) Let be the volume of the cylinder.

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

  All lengths must be positive.
 and , i.e. .

When ,

(rejected) or

 0 

When , V attains its global maximum.

 The volume of the cylinder is the greatest when the base radius of the cylinder is

(c) Let be the surface area of the cylinder.

When ,

 0 

When , Y attains its global maximum.

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  The surface area of the cylinder is the greatest when the base radius of the cylinder is
3 cm.

139. In the figure, rectangle ABCD is inscribed in a circle with the radius of 3 units, where .
y

A D (a, b)


x
O

B C

(a) Express the coordinates of in terms of .

(b) Find the greatest area of ABCD.

(a)

 The coordinates of D are .

(b) Let S square units be the area of ABCD.

Take , i.e.

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 

S 18

 0 

 When , S attains its global maximum.

 The greatest area of ABCD is 18 square units.

140. The displacement of a particle with respect to the origin O at time t is given by
, where , and both P and Q are constants.

(a) If , find the values of P and Q.

(b) Find the greatest distance between the particle and O.

(a)

L.H.S.

By comparing the like terms on L.H.S. and R.H.S.,

(1)  (2):

Substitute into (1),

(b)

Take , i.e.

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 t

x (t) 2 2

x '(t)  0 

 When , attains its global maximum.

 The greatest distance between the particle and O is .

141. (a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at , where .
(b) If the tangent cuts the x-axis and y-axis at A and B respectively, find the coordinates of
the point of contact such that the length of AB is the shortest.

(a)

 The equation of the required tangent is

(b)  x-intercept of the tangent

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 y-intercept of the tangent

Let S be the length of AB,

then

Take , i.e.

or (rejected)

or (rejected)

 0 

 When , S attains its global minimum.

 When , the length of AB is the shortest.

 The coordinates of the required point of contact are , i.e. .

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142. An isosceles triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle with the radius of r and the centre at O.
and , where .
A

r O

B C

(a) Express the area of ABC in terms of r and .

(b) Find  such that the area of ABC is at the maximum.
(c) Prove that ABC is an equilateral triangle when its area attains the maximum.

(a) Let M be the mid-point of BC.

Join AM.
A

O
r

B M C

Area of  ABC

(b) Let S be the area of ABC.

Take , i.e.

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 or (rejected)

 0 

 When , S attains its global maximum.

 When , the area of ABC is at the maximum.

(c) When ,

(Pyth. theorem)

 ABC is an equilateral triangle.

 ABC is an equilateral triangle when its area attains the maximum.

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143. The figure shows a sphere with the radius of R inscribed in a right circular cone. The line
joining the centre of the sphere and any point on the edge of the base of the cone makes an
angle  with the base, where . It is given that  is the slant height of the cone.

R


(a) Prove that .

(b) Find  such that the length of the slant height is the shortest. (Give your answer correct to
3 significant figures.)

(a) Consider the following.

A

D
O
R

B C

(radii)
(tangents from ext. pt.)

(b)

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 Take , i.e.

or (rejected)

or (rejected)

(corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

 0 

 When ,  attains its global minimum.

 When  is 25.9, the length of the slant height is the shortest.

144. For , find the rate of change of y with respect to t.

145. For , find the rate of change of with respect to x when .

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 When ,

146. The displacement of an athlete from the starting point t seconds after the start of a 100 m dash
is s m, where . Find the velocity and acceleration of
the athlete at .

Let and be the velocity and acceleration of the athlete at time t s respectively.

When t  5,

 The required velocity is and the required acceleration is .

147. The displacement of a person from the starting point after cycling for t hours is s km, where
. Find the velocity and acceleration of the person after cycling for 1
hour.

Let and be the velocity and acceleration of the person after cycling for t

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 hours respectively.

When ,

 The required velocity is and the required acceleration is .

148. A particle moves along the x-axis so that its displacement at any time t (in seconds where )
is given by .

(a) Find the velocity and acceleration of the particle at .

(b) Find the total distance travelled by the particle in the first 6 seconds.

(a) Let v units/s and a units/s2 be the velocity and acceleration of the particle at time t respectively.

When , and
 The required velocity is 36 units/s and the required acceleration is 6 units/s2.

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 (b)
When , , i.e. the particle moves in the opposite direction on .
 Total distance travelled in the first 6 seconds

149. The horizontal distance between a person and a balloon is 350 m. The balloon is rising
vertically at a speed of 120 m/min from the ground. Find the rate of increase of the angle of
elevation of the balloon from the person when the balloon is 1 000 m above the ground. (Give
your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

Let  be the angle of elevation of the balloon from the person after t minutes.

sm
120t m


350 m

When , .

(corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

 The rate of increase of the angle of elevation of the balloon from the person is
0.037 4 radian/min.
150. In the figure, a man of 1.8 m tall is walking towards a lamp post of 9 m high at a speed of
1.5 m/s. Let x m be the distance between the man and the lamp post, and  m be the length of
the shadow of the man.

9m

m xm

(a) Express  in terms of x.

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 (b) Find the rate of change of the length of his shadow with respect to time.

(a) D

9m
B

1.8 m
A C E
m xm

(b)

 The rate of change of the length of his shadow with respect to time is 0.375 m/s.

151. At 10 a.m., ship A was 20 km due north of ship B. Ship A sailed due west at 20 km/h and ship
B sailed due south at 10 km/h. At 2 p.m., what was the rate of change of the distance between
the two ships with respect to time?

Suppose ship A started at point P at 10 a.m., ship A and ship B sailed to point Q and point R
respectively after t hours and the distance between the two ships was s km.

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 Q 20t km P

(20  10t) km
s km

R
(Pyth. theorem)

At 2 p.m., .

 At 2 p.m., the rate of change of the distance between the two ships with respect to time
was 22 km/h.

152. The volume and surface area of a balloon are given by and
respectively, where r cm is the radius of the balloon. The volume of the balloon increases at
the rate of . When the volume of the balloon is , find the rates of change of
its radius and surface area with respect to time.

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 When , , i.e. .

 When the volume of the balloon is , the rate of change of its radius with respect

to time is and the rate of change of its surface area with respect to time is
.

153. The surface area of a cube is diminishing at a ra te of . What are the rates of decrease
of the length of the side and volume of the cube when the length of its side is 10 cm?

Let x cm, and be the length of the side, surface area and volume of the cube respectively.

When ,

 The rate of decrease of the length of the side of the cube is 0.2 cm / s and the rate of decrease
of its volume is .

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154. The length of a cuboid is increasing at a rate of 1 cm / s, its width is increasing at a rate of
0.5 cm / s and its height is decreasing at a rate of 0.5 cm / s. What is the rate of change of the
volume of the cuboid when its length, width and height are 20 cm, 12 cm and 16 cm respectively?

Let ,  cm, w cm and h cm be the volume, length, width and height of the cuboid
respectively.

It is known that , and .

When , and ,

 The volume of the cuboid is increasing at a rate of .

155. The figure shows a container of 3 m long with a uniform cross-section of an isosceles triangle,
where and . If water is flowing at a rate of into the

container, find the depth of water when the water level is rising at a rate of .

B C

120 
3m
A

Let be the volume of water in the container and h m be the depth of water.
Consider the following.
X M Y

h
120 

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 

When and ,

 The depth of water is when the water level is rising at a rate of .

156. The spot of a hill fire was in a circular shape, and its radius was 1 km upon discovery.
Thereafter, the area of the spot on fire increased at the consta nt rate of . The
firemen arrived 1 hour after the discovery of the hill fire.
(a) Find the radius of the spot (in km) when the firemen arrived.
(b) Find the rate of increase (in km/h) of the radius of the spot when the firemen arrived.
(c) Find the rate of increase (in km/h) of the perimeter of the spot when the firemen arrived.

(a) When the firemen arrived,

area of the spot

Let R km be the radius of the spot when the firemen arrived.

R  2 or 2 (rejected)

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  When the firemen arrived, the radius of the spot was 2 km.

(b) Let r km be the radius of the spot and be the area of the spot.

When the firemen arrived, . [ From (a) ]

When and ,

 When the firemen arrived, the rate of increase of the radius of the spot was .

(c) Let P km be the perimeter of the spot.

When the firemen arrived, . [ From (b) ]

When ,

 When the firemen arrived, the rate of increase of the perimeter of the spot was
.

157. In the figure, ABC is an isosceles triangle, where ,

and . It is known that  is increasing at a rate of 0.1 rad / s. When , find

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 A

6 cm x cm


B 6 cm C

(a) the rate of change of AC.

(b) the rate of change of the area of ABC.

(a)

When and ,

 The rate of change of AC is .

(b) Let be the area of ABC.

When and ,

 The rate of change of the area of ABC is .

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

158. In the figure, the radius of sector MON is 10 cm and the angle at the centre is .
O

10 cm

M N

(a) If  is increasing at a rate of 0.5 radian / s, find the rate of change of the perimeter of the
shaded region when .

(b) If  is decreasing at a rate of 0.2 radian / s, find the rate of change of the area of the
shaded region when .

(a) Let P cm be the perimeter of the shaded region.

When and ,

 The rate of change of the perimeter of the shaded region is 7.5 cm / s when .

(b) Let be the area of the shaded region.

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 When and ,

 The rate of change of the area of the shaded region is

when .

159. The figure shows a sector with the perimeter of 30 cm. The radius of the sector is r cm and the
angle at the centre is .

A B

r cm r cm


(a) Express  in terms of r.

(b) Express the area of the sector in terms of r.
(c) If the rate of change of the radius of the sector is , find the rate of change of
the area when the radius is 10 cm.

(a)

(b) Area of the sector

(c) Let be the area of the sector, then .

When and ,

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

  The rate of change of the area of the sector is when the radius is
10 cm.

160. In the figure, P is a moving point on a circle with the radius of 1 cm and the centre at O. AP is
a rod with the variable length, where A is a fixed point. ABOC is a square, where AB and AC
touch the circle at B and C respectively. COQ is a diameter of the circle.

 radians P
O
C Q

A B

(a) Let POQ be  radians and the length of AP be  cm. Prove that .
(b) If P rotates at a rate of 3 radians per second, find the rate of change of the length of AP

when . (Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.)

(a) Produce AB to N such that .

 radians P
O
C Q

A B N

(Pyth. theorem)

(b)

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 When ,

(corr. to 2 d.p.)
 The rate of change of the length of AP is when .

161. The base radius and height of an inverted right circular cone are 4 cm and 12 cm respectively.
Water is flowing out at a constant rate of from the vertex of the cone.
4 cm

r cm
12 cm

h cm

(a) Show that the volume of water in the cone V (in ) can be expressed as
when the depth of water is h cm.
(b) When the depth of water is 6 cm, find the rate of change of the depth of water with
respect to time.
(c) When the depth of water is 6 cm, find the rate of change of the area of the water surface
with respect to time.

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 (a) D
4 cm
E

r cm
B
C 12 cm

h cm

(b)

When and ,

 When the depth of water is 6 cm, the rate of change of the depth of water with
respect to time is .

(c) Let be the area of the water surface.

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 When , .

 When the depth of water is 6 cm, the rate of change of the area of the water surface
with respect to time is .

162. In the figure, a ladder with the length of 2.5 m leans against a wall. The point of contact A between
the ladder and the wall slides down at a speed of 0.4 m / s. When A is 2.4 m above the ground,

2.5 m

B 

(a) find the sliding speed of B away from the wall.

(b) find the rate of change of the angle  between the ladder and the ground.
(c) find the rate of change of the slope of the ladder.
(Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

(a) Let x m be the distance between A and the corner of the wall, and y m be the distance
between B and the corner of the wall.
(Pyth. theorem)

When ,

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 2009 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 or (rejected)


(corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

 The sliding speed of B away from the wall is 1.37 m / s.

(b)

When ,

(corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

 The rate of change of the angle  between the ladder and the ground is 0.571 radian / s.

(c) Let m be the slope of the ladder.

When ,

(corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

 The rate of change of the slope of the ladder is 7.29 per second.

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