1 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

EXERCISE-3: Achiever’s Section

1. A flexible wire bent in the form of a circle is placed then the induced emf will be zero. When it varies,
in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the there will be some value of emf produced. In the
plane of the coil. The radius of the coil changes as figure, from a to b there is no change in radius.
shown in figure. The graph of induced emf in the coil Therefore, the induced emf at this region will be zero.
is represented by From b to c, the radius is increased linearly. So emf
will be a constant and from c to d it is again zero.
Therefore, the graph will look like b.

2. A conductor of length l and mass m can slide without

any friction along the two vertical conductors
connected at the top through a capacitor. A uniform
magnetic field B is set up perpendicular to the plane
of paper. The voltage across the capacitor in terms of
distance x through which it falls is

(a)

(a) Bl2gx (b) B gx

(c) B 2gx (d) Bx 2g

Ans. (c)
Sol.
(b)

(c)
As rod is going down due to gravity.
V= 2gx
We also know
ε=BlV
ε=Bl 2gx
(d)
Ans. (b)
3. Figure shows a rectangular coil near a long wire.
Sol. As the magnetic field is uniform, the flux is changed Calculate the mutual inductance of the combination is
because of the radius of coil. If radius is a constant,
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 2

μ0I
B=
L
4×π
2
μ0I
B=
2×πL

Now magnetic field at center will be,

 =B×A
 μ0I  2
=  ×l
0 a  b   a  b  2×πL 
(a) n 1 −  (b) 0 n 1 + 
2  c  2  c   μ I  l2
 =  0 ×
0 a  b   a  b  2π  L
(c) n 1 +  (d) 0 n 1 + 
  c 2  c   l2 
 = k 
Ans. (b) L
l2
Sol.  =Mi 
L

5. Two coils have a mutual inductance 0.005 H. The

current changes in the first coil according to equation
I = I0 sin t , where I0 = 10 A and  = 100 rad/s .
The maximum value of emf in the second coil is:
(a)  (b) 5
(c) 2 (d) 4
μ 0 i1
d =  adx Ans. (b)
2π(C+x)
Sol. Inductance will be having a value,
μ ia b 1
= 0  dx M = 0.005 H
2π 0 C+x
Current will be,
μ ia
= 0 log e  C+x 0
b

2π I = I0 sin t ,
μ ia  b I0 = 10 A ,  = 100 rad/s .
Mi= 0 log 1+ 
2π  C
Now, the maximum value of emf in the second coil,
μ0a  b 
 M= ln 1+ 
2π  C  dI
 =M
dt
4. A small square loop of wire of side l is placed inside
dI d ( I 0 sin t )
a large square loop of wire of side L ( L l ) . The  = M =M
dt dt
loops are coplanar and their centres coincide. The
  = M  I0 cos t
mutual inductance of the system is proportional to:
  max = MI0
l l2   max = 0.005 10 100
(a) (b)
L L  max = 5
2
L L
(c) (d)
l l 6. An e.m.f. of 15 volt is applied in a circuit containing
Ans. (b) 5 henry inductance and 10 ohm resistance. The ratio

Sol. Magnetic field at center can be shown as,

3 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

of the currents at time t = ∞ and at t = 1 second is 7. Plane figures made of thin wires of resistance R = 50
milli ohm/metre are located in a uniform magnetic
e−1/ 2 e2 field perpendicular into the plane of the figures and
(a) (b) which decrease at the rate dB/dt = 0.1 m T/s. Then
e1/ 2 − 1 e2 − 1
currents in the inner and outer boundary are. (The
(c) 1 – e–1 (d) e–1 inner radius a = 10 cm and outer radius b = 20 cm)
Ans. (b)
Sol.

(a) 10-4 A (Clockwise), 2 × 10-4 A

(Clockwise)
(b) 10-4 A (Anticlockwise), 2 ×10-4 A (Clockwise)
di (c) 4 × 10-4 A (clockwise), 10-4 A (Clockwise)
V-iR-L =0
dt (d) 2×10-4 A (Anticlockwise), 10-4 A
di (Anticlockwise)
V-iR=L
dt
t i Ans. (a)
1 1
0 L dt= 0 ( V-iR ) di Sol.
 = BA
i
t - log V - iR d dB
L
-
R  =− = −A
0 dt dt
-R  V - iR  dB
t = log    =A
L  V  dt
- RT  A dB
  - iR =  e L i= =
R R dt
 - RT
   100  10−4 1 10 −3
i =  1- e L
 iinner =  
R  2  10  10−2 10 50  10−3
Let us substitute the value for t, iinner = 10−4 A
If According to Lenz law direction will be clockwise.
t =1 π×400×10-4 1 10-3
iouter = × ×
i =
15
10
(1- e-2 ) 2π×20×10-2 10 50×10-3
iouter =2×10-4 A
If According to Lenz law direction of current will be
t =
clockwise
 i = (1 − e− )
15
8. A rectangular loop with a sliding connector of length
10
l = 1.0 m is situated in a uniform magnetic field B =
Taking the ratio of this, 2T perpendicular to the plane of loop. Resistance of
connector is r = 2Ω. Two resistance of 6 Ω and 3 Ω
i (t =  )
E
R
(1 − e2 ) e2 are connected as shown in figure. The external force
= = 2
i ( t = 1) E e -1 required to keep the connector moving with a
R constant velocity v = 2m/s is
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 4

(a) 6 N (b) 4 N
(c) 2 N (d) 1 N
Fig (ii)
Ans. (c) (a) a (b) b
Sol. (c) c (d) d
Ans. (b)
Sol.

As the rod moves it will generate p.d. of mag. BlV

across rod.
1 1 1 1
= + =
Req 3 6 2
Req = 2 + 2 = 4 As loop is pulled out then
d =B.dA=Bldx
−d
 ε= =BlV
dt
B2 l 2 V 2
 P=
R
 P  V2
10. A short-circuited coil is placed in a time varying
V B 2l 2V 4 1 2 magnetic field. Electrical power is dissipated due to
F = ilB = lB = =
R R 4 the current induced in the coil. If the number of turns
F = 2N were to be quadrupled and the wire radius halved, the
9. Figure (i) shows a conducting loop being pulled out electrical power dissipated would be;
of a magnetic field with a speed v. Which of the four (a) Halved (b) the same
plots shown in figure (ii) may represent the power (c) Doubled (d) quadrupled
delivered by the pulling agent as a function of the Ans. (b)
speed v
Sol. Power can be written as,

Fig (i)
5 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

E2 F = ilB
P=
R V Blv
Where i = =
A  d 
2
R R
P=
ρl  dt  
dw  BlV
= F .V . = 

 lB.v
dt  R 
πr 2  d ( NBA ) 
2

P=   ( Blv )
2
ρl  dt 1 4
 = = W
2 R 46
πr 2  dB  dw 1
P= ×N 2 A 2   = W
ρl  dt  dt 6
N2r2
Pα 12. An e.m.f. of 15V is applied in a circuit containing 5H
l inductance and 10W resistance. The ratio of the
currents at time t = ¥ and t = 1 s is
Now power in second case,
e1/2 e2
2 (a) (b)
r e −1
1/2
e −1
2
( 4N )
2
× 
2 –1 –1
P2 = (c) 1 – e (d) e
4l
16N 2 ×r 2 Ans. (b)
P2 = Sol.
16l
di
N2r2 V − iR − L =0
P2 = dt
l
di
P2 =P V − iR = L
dt
t 1
1 1
Hence option b is correct.
0 L dt = 0 (V − iR ) di
11. A wire of length 1 m is moving at a speed of 2ms–1 t − log V − iR
1

perpendicular to its length and a homogeneous =

L R 0
magnetic field of 0.5 T. The ends of the wire are
−R  V − iR 
joined to a circuit of resistance 6 . The rate at t = log  
L  V 
which work is being done to keep the wire moving at
− Rt
constant speed is  E − iR = Ee L

1 1 E − Rt

(a) W (b) W i = 1 − e L 
12 6 R 
1
(c) W (d) 1W
3 t =1
Ans. (b) i =
15
10
(1 − e−2 )
dw
Sol. =F.V. t =
dt
As the velocity is constant there should be Force acting
15
i =
10
(1 − e− )
that cancel effect of gravity. i e2
 = 2
i1 e − 1
13. A conducting square frame of side a and a long
straight wire carrying current I are located in the
same plane as shown in the figure. The frame moves
to the right with a constant velocity V . The emf
induced in the frame will be proportional to:
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 6

dq  N d
= =−
dt R R dt
Where, magnetic flux,
I
d =  nA
t
 I  1
 dq =   nN r 2  t
 t  R
Where, radius will be,
r = 0.01 m
1 1 The current will be,
(a) (b)
(2x − a) (2x + a) x2 I =4 A
n = 100 turns
1 1
(c) (d) The resistance,
(2x − a) 2 (2x + a) 2
R = 10 2 
Ans. (a) And permeability in free space,
Sol. The current can be mentioned as I , voltage as
 = 4 10−7 N/A2
V and the side of the square as a .
Therefore,
Now, the emf induced in the frame,
 = B1aV − B2aV
  4   0.05
q =  4  10−7  2  104  100    (10−2 )  
2
Where, B is the magnetic field, 
 0.05   10
2

I I
 = aV −
 q = ( 0.0631 5.06 10−5 )
aV
 a   a
2  x −  2  x + 
 2  2  q = 31.9  C  32  C
  15. The current i in a coil varies with time as shown in
 IaV  1 1  the figure. The variation of induced emf with time
 =  −
2  x − a a would be
x+ 
 2 2
 IaV  4a 
 =  
2  ( 2 x − a )( 2 x + a ) 
Therefore,
1

( 2 x − a )( 2 x + a )
14. A long solenoid of diameter 0.1 m has 2  10 4 turns
per meter. At the center of the solenoid, a coil of 100
turns and radius 0.01 m is placed with its axis
coinciding with the solenoid axis. The current in the
solenoid reduces at a constant rate to 0 A from 4 A in
0.05 s. If the resistance of the coil is 10 2  , the total
charge flowing through the coil during this time is:
(a) 32  C (b) 16  C
(c) 32  C (c) 16  C
Ans. (a)
Sol. The emf will be given as, (a)
d
 = −N
dt
Dividing by resistance R on both sides;
7 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

(b)
(c)

(c)

(d)

Ans. (b)
Sol. During free fall, when the ring enters the horizontal
field with its plane perpendicular to it, emf is
(d)
induced in it due to change in magnetic flux. Due
Ans. (d)
to this emf, a current flows in the ring in such a
Sol.
direction that it opposes the change in flux.
di
Induced emf, e = − L When the ring is completely in the magnetic field,
dt there is no change in flux linked with it and thus
T di
During 0 to , = constant and there is no flow of current in the ring.
4 dt
positive, so e = negative. Now, when the ring leaves the magnetic field,
T T di again the flux changes and thus emf is induced.
For to , = 0,so e = 0.
4 2 dt Due the this emf, the current again flows across it,
3T di but in the opposite direction as shown below
For T / 2 to , = constant and
4 dt
negative, so e = positive.
This condition is satisfied
only by graph in option (d).

16. A metallic ring is dropped down, keeping its plane

perpendicular to a constant and horizontal magnetic
field. The ring enters the region of magnetic field at 17. A magnet is made to oscillate with a particular
t = 0and completely emerges out at t = T s, the frequency, passing through a coil as shown in
current in the ring varies as figure. The time variation of the magnitude of emf
generated across the coil during one cycle is

(a)

(b)
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 8

a2 0I
(c) sin t
2b

a2 0I
(a) (d) sin 2 t
2b

Ans. (c)

Sol. We know that, e = NBA ω sin ωt

(b) where, N = number of loops = 1,

I
B= 0
N/A-m
2b

(c) and A = a 2 m 2 .

Putting the values in Eq. (i), we get

(d)
 Induced emf, e = 0

2b
I
( a 2 ) sin t

a2 0I
= . sin t
Ans. (a) 2b
Sol. When North-pole of magnet approaches the one
face of coil, then the face of the coil becomes a 19. An ideal coil of 10 H is connected in series with a
North-pole to oppose this motion and hence current resistance of 5Ω and a battery of 5 V. After 2 s,
flows anti-clockwise. after the connection is made, the current flowing
Thus, in this case emf is developed in the coil and (in ampere) in the circuit is
when it completes one half motion it is
momentarily at rest and no emf is present. (a) (1 – e) (b) e
While magnet is moving to the other side, South-
(c) e-1 (d) (1 – e-1)
pole approaches the other face of coil making this
face a South-pole. The current now flows in Ans. (d)
clockwise direction and again an emf is developed
in the coil. This variation is shown in Fig. (a). Sol. Rise of current in L-R circuit is given by
18. A very small circular loop of radius a is initially (at
t = 0) co-planar and concentric with a much larger I = I0 (1 − e− t / )
fixed circular loop of radius b. A constant current I
flows in the larger loop. The smaller loop is rotated E 5
Where, I0 = = = 1A
with a constant angular speed ω about the common R 5
diameter. The emf induced in the smaller loop as a
function of time t is L 10
Now, = = = 2s
R 5
a2 0I
(a) cos t After 2s i.e. at t = 2 s
2b
Rise of current, I = (1 – e-1)A
a2 0I 2 2
(b) sin t
2b

20. An inductor of inductance L = 400 mH and

resistors of resistances R1 = 4Ω and R2 = 2Ω are
9 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

connected to battery of emf 12 V as shown in the (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
figure. The internal resistance of the battery is
negligible. The switch S is closed at t = 0. The (d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
potential drop across L as a function of time is Ans. (a)

Sol. When a metallic surface is moved in and out in

magnetic field, then magnetic flux linked with
metallic surface is changed continuously, hence
according to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction, an induced emf is produced. Since,
metallic plate behaves as a closed path, therefore an
induced current (eddy current) starts flowing in the
metallic surface. Hence, Assertion and Reason both
are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of
Assertion.
12 −3t
(a) 6e −5t V (b) e V 22. Assertion An electric motor will have maximum
t
efficiency when back emf becomes equal to half of
(
(c) 6 1 − e− t /0.2 V) (d) 12e −5t V applied emf.

Ans. (d) Reason Efficiency of electric motor depends only

on magnitude of back emf.
F 12 (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
Sol. l1 = = = 6A
R1 2 Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but
dl2 Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
E=L + R 2  l2
dt (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect
(
I 2 = I0 1 − e − t/t c ) (d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Ans. (c)
E 12
 I0 = = = 6A Sol. Since, the efficiency of an electric motor is given
R2 2
by
L 400 10−3
 tc = = = 0.2 =
output power
R 2 input power
 I 2 = 6 (1 − e-t/0.2 )
From the above relation, it is quite clear that
maximum output power corresponds maximum
Potential drop across inductor L efficiency of motor. Now, output power is given
by
= E − R 2 I2
e ( E − e)
= 12 − 2  6 (1 − e − bt ) eI = …(i)
R
= 12e−5t V and e = back emf.
To obtain maximum output power differentiating
21. Assertion A metallic surface is moved in and out Eq. (i) with respect to e and equating it to zero
d  e ( E − e) 
in magnetic field then emf is induced in it.
Reason Eddy current will be produced in a metallic So,  =0
de  R 
surface moving in and out of magnetic field
E
 e=
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and 2
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. Thus, when back emf becomes equal to half of the
applied emf, then efficiency of motor will be
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but maximum.
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 10

23. At time t = 0s, voltage of an AC generator starts (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the
from 0 V and becomes 2 V at time t = (1/100 π) s. Reason is not the correct explanation of the
The voltage keeps on increasing upto 100 V, after Assertion.
which it starts to decrease. Find the frequency of
the generator. (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.

(a) 2 Hz (b) 5 Hz (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

(c) 100 Hz (d) 1 Hz Ans. (b)

Ans. (d) Sol.

Sol. The produced voltage by an AC generator is 2 V at LdI

The relation of induced emf is e = and current
t = (1/100 π) s and maximum produced voltage dt
e I L.dI
(e0 = 100 V) I is given by I = = .
R R dt
We know that, the induced emf produced by an AC dI R I
 =I . That is, L/R has dimensions to
generator is dt L L/R
time.
e = e0 sint …(i) In order to decrease the rate of increase of current
through solenoid, we have to increase the time
Given e = 2V, t = (1/100 π)s
L
constant
 e0 = 100 V R
25. Assertion: The induced emf and current will be
On putting the values in Eq. (i), we get same in two identical loops of copper and
aluminum, when rotated with same speed in the
2 = 100sin ω × 1/100 π same magnetic field.
Reason: Induced emf is proportional to rate of
But the time (1/100π) s is very small, so the angle
change of magnetic field.
ωt is also very small. Therefore, for a small angle,
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the
sin θ ≈ θ Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the
Hence, from Eq. (ii), Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion.
2 = 100 × ω × 1/100 π (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
 2π = ω (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
 2π = 2πn Ans. (d)
Where, n = frequency of the generator. Sol. Induced emf is proportional to rate of change of
magnetic flux. Since both the loops are identical
 n = 1 Hz (same area and number of turns) and moving with a
same speed in same magnetic field. Therefore,
24. Assertion: The quantity L/R possesses dimensions
same emf is induced in both the coils. But the
of time.
induced current will be more in the copper loop as
Reason: To reduce the rate of increase of current its resistance will be less as compared to that of the
through a solenoid the time constant (L/R) should aluminum loop.
increase. 26. Assertion: Inductance coil is made of copper.
Reason: Induced current is more in the wire having
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the less resistance.
Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the
Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
11 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the the value of magnetic field will change both in
Reason is not the correct explanation of the magnitude and direction. Due to this, the magnetic
Assertion. flux through the satellite will change and hence
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. induced current will be produced in the metal of the
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. satellite. But no current will induce if satellite
Ans. (a) orbits in the equatorial plane because the magnetic
Sol. The inductance coils made of copper will have very flux does not change through the metal of the
small ohmic resistance. Due to change in magnetic satellite in this plane. EMF is always induced if it is
flux a large induced current will be produced in inclined to equatorial plane whatever its speed.
such an inductance, which will offer appreciable Speed only changes the magnitude.
opposition to the flow of current. 29. Assertion: A metal piece and a non-metal (stone)
27. Assertion: A spark occurs between the poles of a piece are dropped from the same height near
switch when the switch is opened. Earth’s surface. Both will reach the Earth’s surface
Reason: Current flowing in the conductor produces simultaneously.
magnetic field. Reason: There is no effect of Earth’s magnetic
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the field on freely falling body.
Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Reason is not the correct explanation of the (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the
Assertion. Reason is not the correct explanation of the
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. Assertion.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
Ans. (b) (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Sol. According to Lenz’s law, induced emf is in a Ans. (d)
direction such as to attempt to maintain the Sol. When a metal piece falls from a certain height then
original magnetic flux when a change occurs. eddy currents are produced in it due to Earth’s
When the switch is opened, the sudden drop in the magnetic field. Eddy currents oppose the motion of
magnetic field in the circuit induces an emf in a metal piece. Hence, metal piece falls with a smaller
direction that attempts to keep the original current acceleration (as compared to g). But no eddy
flowing. This can cause a spark as the current currents are produced in non-metal piece; hence, it
bridges the air gap between the poles of the switch. drops with acceleration due to gravity. Therefore,
(The spark is more likely in circuits with large non-metal piece will reach the Earth’s surface
inductance). earlier.
28. Assertion: An artificial satellite with a metal 30. Assertion: The oscillations of a copper disc in a
surface is moving above the Earth in a circular magnetic field are lightly damped.
orbit. A current will be induced in satellite if the Reason: The eddy currents produced in the copper
plane of the orbit is inclined to the plane of the disc always support its oscillatory motion.
equator. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the
Reason: The current will be induced only when the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
speed of satellite is more than 8 km/s. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is not the correct explanation of the
Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion. Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
Reason is not the correct explanation of the (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Assertion. Ans. (c)
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. Sol. The eddy currents produced in the copper disc
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. always oppose its oscillatory motion according to
Ans. (c) Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Since
Sol. a resisting force (known as damping force) acts on
When the satellite moves in inclined plane with copper disc so oscillation becomes damped
equatorial plane (including orbit around the poles),