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Working With Computer

The document outlines practical knowledge related to computers, including the booting process, keyboard layouts, hardware identification, hard disk maintenance, and the importance of data backup. It explains cold and warm booting, the QWERTY keyboard layout, various hardware components, maintenance practices for hard drives, and the necessity of backing up data to prevent loss. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of data backup, such as data recovery and protection against hardware failures and human errors.

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hanumantpareek6150
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10 views4 pages

Working With Computer

The document outlines practical knowledge related to computers, including the booting process, keyboard layouts, hardware identification, hard disk maintenance, and the importance of data backup. It explains cold and warm booting, the QWERTY keyboard layout, various hardware components, maintenance practices for hard drives, and the necessity of backing up data to prevent loss. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of data backup, such as data recovery and protection against hardware failures and human errors.

Uploaded by

hanumantpareek6150
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical 2: Working with Computer

Aim:
1. Starting a Computer: Booting process
2. Keyboard Layout: QWERTY Layout
3. Identifying different hardware parts in the PC
4. Hard Disk maintenance
5. Need for taking backup

Booting
Booting is the process of starting a computer.

Booting happens when we turn ON the power button or the computer restarts.
After power button is switched on, a CPU has no software in its main memory, so
some processes must load software into memory. This is done by a firmware
called BIOS (Basic Input Output System).

Rebooting: Restarting a system when it is already running is rebooting.

Rebooting may be required if


1. A software or hardware has been installed
2. System is unusually slow

Types of Booting
1. Cold Booting
System is started by switching on the power button. Cold boot is also called a
hard boot.

This booting takes more time than Hot or Warm Booting.

2. Warm Booting
When the system is already running and needs to be restarted, is called warm
booting. It is also called soft boot.
Restart button or CTRL+ALT+DELETE keys are used for warm boot.

Keyboard Layout

It is the arrangement of the keys on a computer keyboard. The most commonly


used keyboard layout is QWERTY.

In the early 1870s, Christopher L. Sholes developed the QWERTY layout. He


was a newspaper editor by occupation.

The QWERTY keyboard layout is one of the world’s most widely used
keyboard layouts, named for the first six keys on the top row of letters. The
QWERTY layout was designed for mechanical typewriters. The developer
designed the layout to prevent jams by separating commonly used letter pairs.

The QWERTY Keyboard Layout

Alternative Keyboard Layouts:


 Dvorak and Colemak
 WORKMAN keyboard layout
 NORMAN keyboard layout
 CARPALX keyboard layout

Dvorak and Colemak are two well-known alternative keyboard layouts that
have gained popularity among users looking for faster and more ergonomic
typing experiences.
Identifying different hardware parts in the PC
Computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a computer
system.
There are many different kinds of hardware that can be installed inside, and
connected to the outside, of a computer.

1. Motherboard
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU) / Processor
3. Random Access Memory (RAM)
4. Read Only Memory (ROM)
5. Power Supply Unit (SMPS – Switched Mode Power Supply)
6. Video Card
7. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
8. Solid-State Drive (SSD)
9. CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) battery
10.VGA (Video Graphics Array)
11.HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface)
12.Cooling Fan
13.Hard Disk
14.Power Cables
15.CD (Compact Disk) /DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) Drive
16.Parallel port – Is used to connect peripheral devices such as printer and
scanner.
17.UPS – Uninterrupted Power Supply
18.USB – Universal Serial Bus

Hard Drive Maintenance:


1. Disk checking : Check and repair hard drive for file system errors.
chkdsk.exe (for check disk)
2. Eliminate unwanted programs : Uninstall unused programs.
3. Defragmentation : Defragmenting refers to rearranging files and storing
them in contiguous memory locations.
4. Temporary file cleaning
%temp%
5. Installing Antivirus
Data Backup
Data backup is the practice of copying data from a primary to a secondary
location, to protect it in case of a disaster, accident or malicious action.
OR
Backup is the process of creating and storing copies of data that can be
used to protect organizations against data loss.

Need for keeping a back-up of all data


The main goal of backup is to generate a copy of the data that can be recovered
if the primary data fails. Failure can be – hardware or software failures, data
corruption, or a human-initiated event such as an attack (virus or malware) or
data deletion by an accident.

Advantages of Data Backup


1. Data Recovery
2. Business Continuity
3. Protection Against Ransomware
4. Hardware Failures
5. Human Error
6. Compliance and Legal Requirements
7. Peace of Mind

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