1/24/23, 7:52 PM Multiple_Linear_Regression - Colaboratory

Multiple Linear Regression

0.Data Preprocessing

0.1 Importing the libraries

1 import numpy as np
2 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
3 import pandas as pd

1 from google.colab import drive

2 drive.mount('/content/drive')

Mounted at /content/drive

1 path= '/content/drive/My Drive/50_Startups.csv/'

0.2 Importing the dataset

1 dataset = pd.read_csv('/content/drive/My Drive/50_Startups.csv')

2 dataset

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1PiocMZjWMtlFWkXfvvweEmJ_WHLIXNj4#scrollTo=yoInQ7qS6iiB&printMode=true 1/5
1/24/23, 7:52 PM Multiple_Linear_Regression - Colaboratory
10 101913.08 110594.11 229160.95 Florida 146121.95

11 100671.96 91790.61 249744.55 California 144259.40

12 93863.75 127320.38 249839.44 Florida 141585.52

13 91992.39 135495.07 252664.93 California 134307.35

14 119943.24 156547.42 256512.92 Florida 132602.65

15 114523.61 122616.84 261776.23 New York 129917.04

16 78013.11 121597.55 264346.06 California 126992.93

17 94657.16 145077.58 282574.31 New York 125370.37

18 91749.16 114175.79 294919.57 Florida 124266.90

19 86419.70 153514.11 0.00 New York 122776.86

20 76253.86 113867.30 298664.47 California 118474.03

21 78389.47 153773.43 299737.29 New York 111313.02

22 73994.56 122782.75 303319.26 Florida 110352.25

23 67532.53 105751.03 304768.73 Florida 108733.99

24 77044.01 99281.34 140574.81 New York 108552.04

25 64664.71 139553.16 137962.62 California 107404.34

26 75328.87 144135.98 134050.07 Florida 105733.54

27 72107.60 127864.55 353183.81 New York 105008.31

28 66051.52 182645.56 118148.20 Florida 103282.38

29 65605.48 153032.06 107138.38 New York 101004.64

30 61994.48 115641.28 91131.24 Florida 99937.59

31 61136.38 152701.92 88218.23 New York 97483.56

32 63408.86 129219.61 46085.25 California 97427.84

33 55493.95 103057.49 214634.81 Florida 96778.92

34 46426.07 157693.92 210797.67 California 96712.80

35 46014.02 85047.44 205517.64 New York 96479.51

0.3 Check if any null value
36 28663.76 127056.21 201126.82 Florida 90708.19

37 44069.95 51283.14 197029.42 California 89949.14

1 dataset.isna().sum()
38 20229.59 65947.93 185265.10 New York 81229.06
R&D Spend 0
39 38558.51
Administration 0 82982.09 174999.30 California 81005.76
Marketing Spend 0
40 28754.33 118546.05 172795.67 California 78239.91
State 0
Profit
41 27892.92 0 84710.77 164470.71 Florida 77798.83
dtype: int64
42 23640.93 96189.63 148001.11 California 71498.49

1 dataset.info()
43 15505.73 127382.30 35534.17 New York 69758.98

44
<class 22177.74 154806.14
'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'> 28334.72 California 65200.33
RangeIndex: 50 entries, 0 to 49
45 1000.23 124153.04 1903.93 New York 64926.08
Data columns (total 5 columns):
#
46 Column
1315.46 Non-Null Count
115816.21 Dtype
297114.46 Florida 49490.75
--- ------ -------------- -----
0
47 R&D Spend
0.00 50 non-null
135426.92 float64
0.00 California 42559.73
1 Administration 50 non-null float64
2
48 Marketing
542.05 Spend 51743.15
50 non-null float64
0.00 New York 35673.41
3 State 50 non-null object
49
4 Profit0.00 116983.80
50 non-null 45173.06
float64 California 14681.40
dtypes: float64(4), object(1)
memory usage: 2.1+ KB

1 ### 0.4 Split into X & y

1 X = dataset.drop('Profit', axis=1)
2 X

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1PiocMZjWMtlFWkXfvvweEmJ_WHLIXNj4#scrollTo=yoInQ7qS6iiB&printMode=true 2/5
1/24/23, 7:52 PM Multiple_Linear_Regression - Colaboratory
10 101913.08 110594.11 229160.95 Florida

11 100671.96 91790.61 249744.55 California

12 93863.75 127320.38 249839.44 Florida

13 91992.39 135495.07 252664.93 California

14 119943.24 156547.42 256512.92 Florida

15 114523.61 122616.84 261776.23 New York

16 78013.11 121597.55 264346.06 California

17 94657.16 145077.58 282574.31 New York

18 91749.16 114175.79 294919.57 Florida

19 86419.70 153514.11 0.00 New York

20 76253.86 113867.30 298664.47 California

21 78389.47 153773.43 299737.29 New York

22 73994.56 122782.75 303319.26 Florida

23 67532.53 105751.03 304768.73 Florida

24 77044.01 99281.34 140574.81 New York

25 64664.71 139553.16 137962.62 California

26 75328.87 144135.98 134050.07 Florida

27 72107.60 127864.55 353183.81 New York

28 66051.52 182645.56 118148.20 Florida

29 65605.48 153032.06 107138.38 New York

30 61994.48 115641.28 91131.24 Florida

31 61136.38 152701.92 88218.23 New York

32 63408.86 129219.61 46085.25 California

33 55493.95 103057.49 214634.81 Florida

34 46426.07 157693.92 210797.67 California

35 46014.02 85047.44 205517.64 New York

36 28663.76 127056.21 201126.82 Florida

37 44069.95 51283.14 197029.42 California

38 20229.59 65947.93 185265.10 New York

39 38558.51 82982.09 174999.30 California

40 28754.33 118546.05 172795.67 California

41 27892.92 84710.77 164470.71 Florida

42 23640.93 96189.63 148001.11 California

43 15505.73 127382.30 35534.17 New York

44 22177.74 154806.14 28334.72 California

45 1000.23 124153.04 1903.93 New York

46 1315.46 115816.21 297114.46 Florida

47 0.00 135426.92 0.00 California

48 542.05 51743.15 0.00 New York

49 0.00 116983.80 45173.06 California

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1PiocMZjWMtlFWkXfvvweEmJ_WHLIXNj4#scrollTo=yoInQ7qS6iiB&printMode=true 3/5
1/24/23, 7:52 PM Multiple_Linear_Regression - Colaboratory

1 y = dataset['Profit']
2 y

0 192261.83
1 191792.06
2 191050.39
3 182901.99
4 166187.94
5 156991.12
6 156122.51
7 155752.60
8 152211.77
9 149759.96
10 146121.95
11 144259.40
12 141585.52
13 134307.35
14 132602.65
15 129917.04
16 126992.93
17 125370.37
18 124266.90
19 122776.86
20 118474.03
21 111313.02
22 110352.25
23 108733.99
24 108552.04
25 107404.34
26 105733.54
27 105008.31
28 103282.38
29 101004.64
30 99937.59
31 97483.56
32 97427.84
33 96778.92
34 96712.80
35 96479.51
36 90708.19
37 89949.14
38 81229.06
39 81005.76
40 78239.91
41 77798.83
42 71498.49
43 69758.98
44 65200.33
45 64926.08
46 49490.75
47 42559.73
48 35673.41
49 14681.40
Name: Profit, dtype: float64

0.5 Encoding categorical data

1 from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder

2 from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer
3
4 categorical_feature = ["State"]
5 one_hot = OneHotEncoder()
6 transformer = ColumnTransformer([("one_hot",
7 one_hot,
8 categorical_feature)],
9 remainder="passthrough")
10
11 transformed_X = transformer.fit_transform(X)

1 pd.DataFrame(transformed_X).head()

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1PiocMZjWMtlFWkXfvvweEmJ_WHLIXNj4#scrollTo=yoInQ7qS6iiB&printMode=true 4/5
1/24/23, 7:52 PM Multiple_Linear_Regression - Colaboratory

0 1 2 3 4 5

0 0.0 0.0 1.0 165349.20 136897.80 471784.10

1 1.0 0.0 0.0 162597.70 151377.59 443898.53

0.6 Splitting
2 0.0 1.0the0.0dataset into101145.55
153441.51 the Training set and Test set
407934.54

3 0.0 0.0 1.0 144372.41 118671.85 383199.62

1 from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
4 0.0 1.0 0.0 142107.34 91391.77 366168.42
2 X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(transformed_X, y, test_size = 0.25, random_state = 2509)

1. Training the Multiple Linear Regression model on the Training set

1 from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

2 regressor = LinearRegression()
3 regressor.fit(X_train, y_train)

LinearRegression()

1.1 Score

1 regressor.score(X_test,y_test)

0.9840064291741644

2. Predicting the Test set results

1 y_pred = regressor.predict(X_test)

1 d = {'y_pred': y_pred, 'y_test': y_test}

2.1 Compare Predicted results

1 pd.DataFrame(d)

y_pred y_test

32 98884.371543 97427.84

33 100047.235184 96778.92

47 47766.247901 42559.73

9 154976.558305 149759.96

37 91129.087779 89949.14

8 151755.926389 152211.77

23 112436.195860 108733.99

24 113375.898676 108552.04

17 130706.106786 125370.37

1 189141.730655 191792.06

39 85217.422839 81005.76

22 116952.737156 110352.25

46 60343.602070 49490.75

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1PiocMZjWMtlFWkXfvvweEmJ_WHLIXNj4#scrollTo=yoInQ7qS6iiB&printMode=true 5/5