Contents

Chapter one....................................................................................................................2

Introduction....................................................................................................................2

1. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT...........................................................................2

General Objective.......................................................................................................2

Specific Objectives.....................................................................................................2

1.1. Project Accessibility........................................................................................3

1.2. Geographical location (map, co-ordinate).......................................................3

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Chapter one
Introduction
1.1. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Transportation refers to the movement of goods and people from one place to another
to fulfill essential needs or carry out specific activities. The efficiency, affordability,
and capacity of available transport methods significantly influence the economic
strength of an area and the effective utilization of its natural resources. It facilitates
the transfer of materials, often unevenly distributed, to production and consumption
centers at reasonable costs. The development and expansion of towns and cities are
shaped by the structure and effectiveness of the transport network.

Globally, various forms of transportation exist, including roadways, railways,

air travel, and waterways. Among these, road transport is the most widely used and
accessible due to:

 Being more affordable than other modes.

 Providing direct door-to-door delivery.
 Allowing flexible construction designs.
 Covering extensive areas.

However, road transport is not without its drawbacks, such as:

 Air pollution caused by emissions during and after construction.

 Noise pollution.
 High energy usage.
 Expensive construction costs initially.

The road transport system is a crucial foundation for a nation's progress, supporting
both public and private development. Achieving growth without dependable and
accessible transportation is nearly impossible.

In conclusion, highway projects are undertaken to enhance the transportation system’s

efficiency, ensuring safety and contributing to integrated economic progress.

Here’s a rephrased version of your objectives:

General Objective
To perform a comprehensive engineering design of highways and ensure efficiency in
creating integrated highway designs.

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Specific Objectives
To understand the key design principles and standards for highways.
To enhance teamwork and communication skills through collaborative project work.
To build problem-solving skills by working on real-world projects.
To apply knowledge from civil engineering courses using engineering software such
as civil 3D and AutoCAD.
To practice using design manuals like ERA and AASHTO.
To acquire hands-on experience and deepen knowledge in highway design.

1.2. Project Accessibility

Project accessibility refers to creating road infrastructure that is usable by all people,
including those with disabilities. This involves designing roads, sidewalks,
crosswalks, and other elements to ensure they are safe and accessible for everyone,
including pedestrians, cyclists, and people using mobility aids.

Accessible road design aims to provide equal opportunities for all road users,
enhancing safety and convenience. It includes features like curb ramps, tactile paving,
audible signals at crosswalks, and wide sidewalks.

1.3. Geographical location (map, co-ordinate)

PICC

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CHAPTER 2
Traffic study and Analysis

2. Project Methodology

In this project, we aim to adopt a task-oriented approach to ensure the methodology is

tailored to meet the specific objectives and requirements of the project. This approach
involves clearly defining and executing tasks systematically to achieve accurate and
reliable outcomes. One of the key tasks in this methodology is Traffic Counting,
which plays a crucial role in highway and road planning.
Traffic Counting
Traffic counting involves the systematic measurement of the number of vehicles using
a roadway over a specific time period. While short-term traffic counts are commonly
used to estimate the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), these estimates can
sometimes lead to significant errors. This is because traffic volumes are influenced by
various factors, including daily, weekly, monthly, and seasonal variations.
Understanding these fluctuations is vital for deriving accurate traffic data.
Importance of Traffic Counting
Traffic counting is a fundamental step in transportation planning and management. It
serves several critical purposes, including:
Evaluating Road Capacity
Traffic counts help determine the volume of traffic that different types of roads can
accommodate efficiently. This information is crucial for ensuring that roads are
neither underutilized nor excessively congested.
Analyzing Traffic Distribution
By studying traffic flow across multiple lanes, traffic counts provide insights into how
vehicles are distributed within the available roadway. This helps in optimizing lane
usage and improving traffic management.
Scheduling Road Maintenance

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Accurate traffic data is essential for creating maintenance schedules for existing
roads. Knowing the volume and type of traffic allows planners to anticipate wear and
tear and schedule timely repairs to prevent further deterioration.
Forecasting Future Traffic
Traffic counting is also used to predict the expected volume of vehicles on new or
proposed roads. By studying traffic patterns on existing roads within the surrounding
area, planners can estimate future demands and design roads accordingly.
Supporting Road Safety Initiatives
Understanding traffic volumes and patterns can aid in identifying high-risk areas or
congestion points, thereby informing the design of safer road networks.
Assisting in Economic Evaluations
Traffic data plays a significant role in economic feasibility studies for road projects. It
helps assess the economic impact of road improvements or new constructions by
providing reliable data on usage trends.

2.1. General Traffic Study

Project : A-B
Description : Summary Sheet for Traffic Survey, Motorised Traffic ( both directions )
Count Station: Sta. 0+000

Date Shift Moter BikeCAR 4WD S/BUS L/BUS L/TRUCK M/TRUCK H/TRUCK T&T REMARK
2/3/2009 Day 0 4 3 3 4 2 5 5 1
3/3/2009 Day 0 5 5 2 3 3 5 6 1
4/3/2009 Night 0 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 1
5/3/2009 Day 0 5 3 6 6 2 4 4 1
6/3/2009 Day 0 6 4 3 3 3 3 6 2
7/3/2009 Day 0 2 2 1 4 3 2 4 0
8/3/2009 Day 0 1 3 2 4 4 3 9 1

Table 1 daily traffic count

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2.2. Determination of Traffic Class

2.2.1. Current traffic volume, AADT0. Initial traffic
volumes

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rces. It facilitates the transfer of materials, often unevenly distributed, to production

and consumption centers at reasonable costs. The development and expansion of
towns and cities are shaped by the structure and effectiveness of the transport
network.

Globally, various forms of transportation exist, including roadways, railways, air

travel, and waterways. Among these, road transport is the most widely used and
accessible due to:

 Being more affordable than other modes.

 Providing direct door-to-door delivery.
 Allowing flexible construction designs.
 Covering extensive areas.

However, road transport is not without its drawbacks, such as:

 Air pollution caused by emissions during and after construction.

 Noise pollution.
 High energy usage.
 Expensive construction costs initially.

The road transport system is a crucial foundation for a nation's progress, supporting
both public and private development. Achieving growth without dependable and
accessible transportation is nearly impossible.

In conclusion, highway projects are undertaken to enhance the transportation system’s

efficiency, ensuring safety and contributing to integrated economic progress.

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