iuidend,all

Cpics sollbdod k nos mal t the pointof

1
DinldadAay,
ie on same plane

point ot
Focu hFocad Length iuidene
Concawe Mi od Convex Mio

Rules fo dsaing tnagu, Ay

coig Sphosicalmsos
i oftndpal axa, llscta and paisasfom
of appaa to hasfrom focus

Ray pasairg thom F) bscomas l 4o

Painpalanà

’ Cancaue disect to wads c

Comae

P
 os mationo Iragan by
Concaue Mtaao
X

aobjoct bl Pk F b- ohjectat F

ituakeet
>hohid nino
K>Objet bls Fhe

8'

N>Ral Trieied
Nagnit id

R Ohjed heyondc 7

inishd
diniais hedA
a) Object bl¡ co \? b) Object at o

" Dininahed
vitual Eveed

Hacpamula

Sign Con uantion

’ All diste a meaiwkedom ole
Ih dion ot Teidertay tue
>Height up eeand'’ tue
dousnwd - e Pos ttle

hi:h,Cheighdotimaae)> tue

oncaa Hio
t -

-e ho hi
3

Vitl
 De

Heghl e chject hu

Soth
R=-Sem

30

alsag dimins had in s 2a ts lo catedt

olus the tocus the pole Also, m=

bl

So m

f-(-)

G)
Diminishad
 P

R
As,Li=Ls
So ACF=LCAF CF FP

then, CF = FA! (Sidas opto aqual arqle)

Lç)
IFA FP_-q)

R= FP+EP
R=f tf
Paoued
Deaîuaton st Mhe Foa mula ond Magnicat

+
 AB
|A'B! B'C

Also, AABP AA'R PCAA ude)

A8! BP
Fsom kO
B' P

Uv-Rv = uLR-U V
V
Uv= uRt RU

>0v = uftJ
Diuiding by Uvt
ufv V-Ue

Magnificatien
foom -

hi he ht e
h
hi-ue
-he
hi
 of wae-jasig from
Ketacton QfLight > Changa
one
in the dis
hedum to anotho

Case I
danse

Caxo danua

k nosmal at tha poi o

iidort,all e on the samC plane.
S)n i = Constant Csne's las

Rabatue Indax Retio ot Sini foa qiuan pis ot madia îs constart.

and h constat is aatiue Thdax.
Sini Stni = Sþeed lightin
Skacd ot lgh in
Sni
Sins

to specd otig+
 Con untio
| Concaue lony
Conex lend
ho = h = t Ve

Ut e
V= Ral te Ert u |
Viatal -we
Magnificodion ot lan
Lans fos mula >
Deatvation ot Lens fo mua and magniRcation
CRealAIhsantad
a) Lans fosmula by Conuex lens
AABO AA'B'o CByAA)
AB BO
B
AB' B'O
R
Also, A MOF ~ A4B'F By AA)
AB
A'B! B' F AB BE

Bo -0F
B'O B'F

B'-F V-f
dividig by uyt
uf vf

Fom@ AB. BO
A'B' B'o
he
he h

So, bz
hi
 Jense
Raser
.
madia Desen
Application
lunen
iadonsen
hose
in
Cs ot
îndax Fibse
Obtial
4o
kshadfue Ce6°-ac-s)
tls
Rlactfon on
dobards
to
Rukut Pstsns
Tntesnal argla
otcotlal loul Raluting
=
Total glas
Total Casc
I
Vale RIot
3) Case
B A
’
ginnLm Stn(
SntAl2)
us
A =ti!
A
Cs+7')=
oi
angle In
A
PQR
and
þasm
Rajmat'on-haoughgla, So,
Sm=
CaeA
360 6=(ite)-A
=
90° Also-o
ASPR Also
PQR Neuy
A490+0t
x
Quad
In
 I R
Vo
P R
Reactegthough
(oncen
su
Land
Convex
Lens
Maked
Foamla
V
thaough V
Fos
concae
Surae R2
Foo
ConvexSustace
Refsaction R
Ri
R
R
 same
madium.
îsswsourdirg Con
vex
indane
bogma (orae
fte
and
). subitang
ill bahauioun
mulaþous suhitan buscirg)
f-6oCNe
[o I hais
fosrabpopaiate)
then change
Makes fnutbty.
As-(0s-)
t lens
Lensof
landas ]n>
n2]
As
ky
licaionotexlais Hexlains
make
To 92H
l 3