Unit II- Internet of Things Embedded System:- S\Stere \-\oj of \orting or fitran ey f Cerdin Components is tage er 40 penerrr \) AS its name suggests, Embedded means something that is atlached to another thing. An embedded system can be thought of as a computer hardware system having software embedded in it\An embedded system can be an independent system or it can be a part of a large send An, embedded system is a microcontroller or microprocessor based system Which is designed to perform a specific task. For example, a fire alarm is an embedded — system; it will sense only smoke, An embedded system has three component Ithas hardware, ~~ ae «It has application software. Ithas Real Timeeile ai atte ‘8\ 3 BD =) Processing information:- Using calculations, numerical, legitimate, and investigative methods to analyze meaning out of data, and process significant information, find out the desired conclusions, observations, and desired results, 8) ) Conveying Information:- 4) sor ay é 5 Representatiay Provide the outcomes, information, and sofort tothe various entities which could utilize it Seriously, and giving an interface to such elements, Few examples of the purpose of embedded systems in eer are as follows:-') Acigital camera |s an exan Be image Stores therm and ploy thern | 2) Sm © Detecting rash driving in traffic «streetlight control © street light control i Basically these two types of architecture ‘Neumann architecture are used in embedded Aisl Saeel Von 8 ds Architecturef —\be Von-Neumann archiectare Was 454 Proposed by Computer ensticg Sohn Yon Neumann of 4ga5. | —Tt is also known as TSA [ Jnstucton Set architecture) Compute, and is havi nc Horee lbasic unite . 4) Cenlra} Processing Unit Cpe) 2) Main Memory Unit 3) the T/P output device. 4) Crv- " ' — The Central PU defined 08 the if 15 eletsic circu} used for the exeuw ng ¥ne'inskucion of computer program, —3+ hos following Teor Components + ) Crbel Unit Cov} 24 frithmehicg Logic Unit 3) Vartiely oF Registers ~K ® handles all ) wolessox Convo] siqnals.. ~ Indiects all \opuk Gacdpeh Flow fetches cde for jnstucten $ Control how dak® OVS around Hhe Bote 2) Prthmetic tod lagic_cleit CALL] z Te RW unit is part Of the CPU 4hat handles at) calculad need ; @g Add, sub, mul, Comparsions, 3) Registers — = ee tefers to high-speed shovage avecs inthe, CPU, The data processed by the Cpu ave Fedched From: NS She eco! be gegishy . © Buses! ~ See cel from one pork of a computer fo another , connectioy aul Ma)or ‘Internal Components +o the CPU S$ memary by means of Buses. ' Det jata ammong The rnemory Unit, fre Ifo devices SHh¢ Prcesy 9) hadvess Bus. address yehves : - TH cates deta. energy the Memory Unt —Hedal and processor, ) (ote Contra] q@mrmards from the CPO ‘in order to contr] ang Qoordinake alte achivities Ghbin the crnputer, sin put / Ootput_Devices = Program of doko. 1S yead to mdin emer} oom he Toph devices oy Secondary storage onder thecntrol of cpa ‘input inchucticn, = Oukpak devices are used 12 Oubpub \ofermation Loin computer. . JMemory space Instruction Decode Program Interface Variable RAN Processor and Built-in Registers the CPU, and there is no ‘separate memory areas for imultaneous access to[ Thin Permory tem Trdhuckor] Nieeluclion a Rddress Pat a) Cpetaliona] Aithmehc Register and Logic Unt Control Unit Tnput | oukpat system ~ Tp norma) Computer thot fallows Von Neumann arch tore singku. Chon, § dada beth are stored ip the same memary ~ 50 same buses are used ty fedch indcuctens ¢ cede. “This thedns Hye cpy Carrot do both things together Cread instruction ¢ — Warycird) ares eee computer architecture that conti ng seperate sales tell _ st was bashaally do overcome Hoe bolHe peck of Mon t ‘Inskuct on Sdada fon $ Tead luorite dota at sume time. Yoere are separate buses fisyVon-Neumann Architecture | Harvard Architecture ane ee ee ac nocey for cod and dota ata : Processor needs to fetch code ina separate sin clock cycle is sufficient, as separate clock cycle and data in another clock cycle. buses are used to access code and data. So it requires two clock eycles. 5 in Higlier speed, thus less time consuming. Slower in speed, tnus more time-consuming. Simple in design. 4 | Complex in design. coc nemeaue sep a 2 AVR miroconte f 1996 by Atmel Corporation. and Vegard Wollan. Vegard WollanBes [mbedded Procesgors | GR é Q_ PIC Microwstoller ! x 26 — the Ferm pyc stands for Per phercs} Toterface Contscller. Inhetlaee developed Sos control iS peripheral devices S mimed coon re mircorcontvallers Gre ver} fast $ easy tn execute a Prog tan, compared with obber Microcontrollers j — PYC microwrboller archilcture bawed - fone on ver} popular due to their ectse of pena cauen a eer Yow cost large User base 4 sey\o) programming Copabil y — PIC wiorecantroller architecture aoncishe of RATA, RoM, CPU Hi mers Coun\er are] sup} =ipperls protecol SPT, cay ¢ erento a eee ee rls. — PIC Gee tre Worldsemall est microcantroller 4o carry oak a huge range cf tasks | These" ieracatvellsy are Pound in Mdm} electronic doyices such 03 Perel Stetem alarm sishon o an ee @ Ar exocontroller Ad vancec Vicual RISC] = In advanced version of microcomputer that ie Integrated into q Yin} ‘Chip ‘is Benes ies. RVR _microconbrller, ‘i — his microcontroller includ@S @ processors , prod ble 3 pone i fares ‘ fe OFS , progtamma sto ae \croconteoller provides digital consso| over| doy Kind of electrical » aukomotive o mechanical s4ster, oclusha) phok ) pho; diPerent devices 5 elechonic gadgels cle. =Vhese microwavwallecs dee available in 2,16 $ 39 -bj} Sts. 6) haven c Machines ® ASIC. Application Specific Thlegrated Circeit . ~ “ASIC are computer chi > combines Severa| JL different drcaits allen one ey. Ws a_syshem-an-a-chip dog go_allowing j} Ahat cin be Prog ammed| mm bedel ec Spshem of ; proa) eOBiNe _Severa) related farcdions f Fic overall task | a Se Ge) server yespung GAN FMT Jas pre F Bidirectional Communication (overpersistet Websocet connection) Noqoude cx GeV Soy conn- Low-Energy Bluetooth ‘This technology supports the low-power, long-use need of loT function while exploiting @ standard technology with native support across systems: Low-Energy Wireless ‘This technology replaces the most power hungry aspect of an JoT system. Though sensors tion links (i., wireless) and other elements can power down over Jong periods, communical must remain in listening mode, ‘Low-energy wireless not only reduces consumption, but also ‘extends the life of the device through less use. Radio Protocols — ais for reating low-rate private area networks: er high throughput unlike many similar options. rks without the typical costs. to LTE technology by increasing jts throughput. It gives JoTa significant applications being pe2P: (peer-to-peer) eliminates an e on speed or_— + Device: monitoring capabilitis an, Myo} remote sensiNgs actuating a les of Lo? devices 10 section Washing machine 4 nloT device allows identification, cexamp! es, You learned about yarious ¢ components On the loT device for accessing, tors connected to the device. controlling actual v ible network access for the device. « Resource: Resources are softwar' « ws processing and storing sensor information, oF vor Msources also inchude the software components that ena io yo ie XO f ed + Controller Service: Controller service is a native service that runs on the device Vor and interacts with the web services. Controller service gends data from the device to the web service and receives commands from the application (via web services) for controlling the device. Book website: itp snwwntemet things book em Bahga & Madisetti, © 2015 JoT Levels & Deployment ‘Templat generated Database canbe either cal or in the cloud and stores the data i ae Database: py the loT device. mak between the foT device, app + Web Service: Web sees or gevan be ier us database and analysis components. x ean be eith iplemented using H REST pit les (REST service) oF 2) or ocket protocol (WebSocket service). tis responsible for analyzing lication, (TTP ans + Analysis Component: nponent the IoT data and generate results in a i e that the users can use to plications also allow users 10 view s sensing and/or Sngle node i ie Single deve enol ‘includ ¢ aa: e ng) re ice7 JoT Level-2 Ithas a single node that performs sensing and/or actuation and local analysis (1oT Device and collected data). + In this IoT Level Database and application establish in Cloud. « It is useful for solutions where the data involved is big, however, the primary analysis requirement is not computationally intensive and can be done locally itself. Contre} ay EL. Bebo ante Ee.iot Level-3 Mi cqarp [Resource <=> Dewiee coe ian $ tsa Monitoring Node Cloud storage ‘And Analysis JoT Level-4 + It has multiple nodes Jocal analysis. It has Cloud based m contains local and cloud- based ted in the application and database. receive information collect observer nodes which ¢ multiple nodes, the data tationally intensive.-— ToT Level-5 + It has multiple end nodes and one coordinator node. The end nodes use for sensing and/or actuation. ects data from the end nodes and transfer + In this model Coordinator node coll Analyze used Cloud-based Database for store and to the cloud. In this model we data. networks, in which the data + It is suitable for solutions based involved is big and the analysis Te+ The analytics component analyzes the data and stores the results in the cloud database and results are ed with the cloud-based application. + The centralized controller is aware of the status of all the end nodes and sends control commands to the nod }