Cloud Computing

Contents
❖ Introduction to Cloud computing
✓ Layers of Cloud computing
✓ Types of Cloud computing
✓ Cloud computing versus Cloud services
❖ Enabling Technologies
✓ Virtualization, Web service and SOA,
Service Flow and Workflow
✓ Web 2.0 and Mashup
❖ Cloud Computing Features
✓ standards, and security issues
❖ Cloud Computing Platforms
✓ Pricing
❖ Web Application Deployment
❖ Cloud computing Challenges
❖ Networking aspects: Datacenter
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 Cloud Computing
Applications Computing
Data

Businesses,
from
startups to
enterprises

4+ billion phones Web 2.0-enabled

[Source: Nokia] PCs, TVs, etc.

❖ Cloud computing can be defined as “a new style of computing in

which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are
provided as a services with pay-as-you-go manner over the Internet”
❖ Can be ubiquitously accessed from any connected devices (PCs,
laptops, smart phones, and PDAs) over the internet
❖ Emerging Cloud applications include - social networking, gaming
portals, business applications, media content delivery, and scientific
workflows
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Cloud Computing – Simple Definition

Cloud Computing = Software as a Service

+ Platform as a Service
+ Infrastructure as a Service
+ Data as a Service

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Six Computing Paradigm

❖It looks like that cloud computing

is a return to the original mainframe
computing paradigm
❖ However, there are several
important differences-
✓Mainframe computing offers finite
computing power
✓ Cloud computing provides almost
infinite power and capacity
✓In mainframe computing, dummy
terminals acted as user interface
devices
✓In cloud computing, powerful PCs
can provide local computing power
and caching support

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Layers of Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing can be viewed as a collection
of services (XaaS), which can be presented as
a layered cloud computing architecture

Applicat
-ions

Programming
platforms,
tools. APIs

Computing, storage,
network

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 Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
• In this case, applications are exposed as a service running on a
cloud infrastructure
• The client contains a simple browser to access the application
• A well-known example of SaaS is salesforce.com
• Others example include Google Apps, Microsoft Office Online etc.

Software-as-a-Service

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 Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

• Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) refers to computing

resources as a service
• This includes virtualized computers with guaranteed
processing power and reserved bandwidth for storage
and Internet access
• Instead of owning, managing or controlling the
underlying infrastructure, the infrastructure is rented as a
service
• Examples include Amazon Elastic Cloud Compute
(EC2), Microsoft's Nework.com, IBM Blue Cloud etc.

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 Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• PaaS is similar to IaaS, but also includes operating systems and
required services for a particular application
• In other words, PaaS is IaaS with a custom software stack for the
given application

The PaaS provides Integrated

Development Environment (IDE)
including
✓ data security, backup and recovery,
✓ application hosting, and
✓ scalable architecture

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 Three Categories of Cloud Services
• According to Chappell (2008) there are three categories of cloud
services, as follows
• SaaS
• Attached services
• Cloud Platform

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 Types of Cloud Computing
❖Public clouds are run by third parties, and applications
Public from different customers are likely to be mixed together on
Cloud the cloud’s servers, storage systems, and networks
❖Public clouds are most often hosted away from customer
Private premises, and they provide a way to reduce customer risk
Cloud and cost by providing a flexible, even temporary extension to
enterprise infrastructure
Hybrid
Cloud

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 Types of Cloud Computing
❖Private clouds are built for the exclusive use of one client,
Public
providing the utmost control over data, security, and quality of
Cloud service
❖ The company owns the infrastructure and has control over
Private how applications are deployed on it
Cloud ❖Private clouds may be deployed in an enterprise
datacenter, and they also may be deployed at a collocation
facility
Hybrid
Cloud

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 Types of Cloud Computing
❖Hybrid clouds combine both public and private cloud
Public
models
Cloud ❖ They can help to provide on-demand, externally
provisioned scale
Private ❖The ability to augment a private cloud with the resources of
Cloud a public cloud can be used to maintain service levels in the
face of rapid workload fluctuations

Hybrid
Cloud

Example: This is most often

seen with the use of storage
clouds to support Web 2.0
applications

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 Public VS Private Clouds

Characteristics Public clouds Private clouds

Technology Leverage existing IT infrastructure and
leverage and Owned by service providers personnel; owned by individual
ownership organization

Creating and managing VM instances within

Management of
proprietary infrastructure; promote Client managed; achieve customization
provisioned
standardization, preserves capital and offer higher efficiency
resources
investment, application flexibility

Workload
Handle workload without communication Handle workload dynamically, but can
distribution
dependency; distribute data and VM better balance workloads; distribute
methods and
resources; surge workload is off-loaded data and VM resources
loading policies

Security and Access is limited; provide pre-

Publicly accessible through remote
data privacy production testing and enforce data
enforcement interface privacy and security policies

Example Google App Engine, Amazon AWS,

platforms Microsoft Azure
IBM RC2

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Cloud Computing Versus Cloud Services

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Cloud Computing Versus Cloud Services

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 Enabling Technologies
• Virtualization
• Web service and service-oriented architecture
• service flows and workflows, and
• Web 2.0 and mashup

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Virtualization
• Virtualize and share resources
among different applications
with the objective for better
server utilization
• Virtualization technologies
include virtual machine
techniques such as
VMwareand Xen, and virtual
networks, such as VPN
• Virtual machines provide
virtualized IT-infrastructures on-
demand
• Virtual networks support users
with a customized network
environment to access cloud
resources.

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 Web Service and SOA
• Cloud services are typically designed as Web services, which
follow industry standards including WSDL, SOAP, and UDDI
• A Service Oriented Architecture organizes and manages Web
services inside clouds
• A SOA also includes a set of cloud services, which are
available on various distributed platforms

Service Flow and Workflows

• The concept of service flow and workflow refers to an

integrated view of service based activities provided in
clouds

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SOA

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 Web 2.0 and Mashup
• Web 2.0 enhances
creativity, information
sharing, and collaboration
among users on the Web
• Mashup is a web
application that combines
data from more than one
source into a single
integrated storage tool
• Both technologies are very
beneficial for cloud
computing

A cloud computing architecture, in which

an application reuses various components

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 Cloud Features
• Scalability and on-demand services
– Provides resources and services for users on demand
• User-centric interface
– Location independent and can be accessed by any device
• Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS)
– Guarantee QoS for users in terms of hardware/CPU performance,
bandwidth, and memory capacity
• Autonomous system
– Managed transparently to users
• Pricing
– No capital expenditure is required
– Users pay for services and capacity as they need them

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 Cloud Computing Standards

vs RSS(Really Simple Syndication or Rich Site Summary)

OVF: Open Virtualization Format (to distribute virtual machine)

LAMP: Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation
REST: Representational State Transfer

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 Cloud Computing Security
• One of the critical issues in implementing cloud computing is taking
virtual machines, which contain critical applications and sensitive
data, to public and shared cloud environments.
• Therefore, potential cloud computing users are concerned about the
following security issues
– Will the users still have the same security policy control over their
applications and services?
– Can it be proved to the organization that the system is still secure and
meets SLAs?
– Is the system complaint and can it be proved to company’s auditors?

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Cloud Computing Platforms

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 Pricing
• Pricing for cloud platforms and services is based on three key
dimensions:
• Storage
– It is typically measured as average daily amount of data stored in GB
over a monthly period
• Bandwidth
– It is measured by calculating the total amount of data transferred in and
out of platform service through transaction and batch processing
• Compute
– It is measured as the time units needed to run an instance, or
application, or machine to servicing requests

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Pricing comparison for Cloud computing

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 Example of Web Application Deployment

An example of the deployment of an application into a two-tier Web server

architecture using cloud computing

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 Benefits of Cloud Computing

• Reduce capital and operations costs

➢ No longer required to make large up-front capital investment on
datacenters
➢ Eliminate the need to plan ahead for provisioning
➢ Allow companies to start small and increase their resources
investment as needed (pay-as-you-go)

• Simplify app deployment & management

➢ Common programming model across mobile, browser, client,
server, cloud
➢ Access to strong ecosystem of widely deployed applications
➢ Integration with existing IT assets (Software + Services)

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 Cloud Computing Challenges
• Performance
• Security and Privacy
• Control
• Bandwidth Costs
• Reliability

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Cloud Computing in the Future

Distributed hybrid Cloud architecture

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 Datacenter

Mayes County, Oklahoma

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Mega Datacenter

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Modular Datacenter

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Modular Datacenter

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Typical Datacenter Layout

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 Networking aspect in cloud computing

• Now we will focus on the networking

aspect in cloud computing.
• In the center of the cloud delivery and
consumption model is the Network
(Gartner Report, 2008).
• Network serves as the linkage between
the end users consuming cloud services
and the provider’s data centers providing
the cloud services.

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 Network Architectures for Clouds

• There are three principal areas in which

the network architecture is of great
importance to cloud computing:
• Data center network
• Data center interconnect network
• Public Internet
• We shall focus only on the first two areas
only.

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 Data Center Network

• Interconnects the infrastructure resources

(servers and storage devices) within a
cloud service data center.
• Data Center Network (DCN) is constructed
to connect tens, sometimes hundreds, of
thousands of servers to deliver massively
scalable cloud services to the public.
• Hierarchical network design is the most
common architecture used in data center
networks.

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Data center network architecture

Hierarchical Data Center Network 40

 Data center network architecture
Access Layer
-Provides connectivity for server
resource pool residing in the data
center, where the servers physically
attach to the network and where
the network policies (access control
lists [ACLs], quality of service [QoS],
VLANs, etc.) are enforced

Design depends on server density,

Server virtualization etc.
Commonly used design approaches:
1. End-of-row (EoR) Switch
2. Top-of-rack(ToR) switch
3. Blade switch
4. Software switch

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 Data center network architecture

Aggregation Layer

1.Provides a consolidation point where

access layer switches are connected as
well as connectivity across the core of
the network to the clients residing
within the campus, WAN, or Internet.
2.Provides the boundary between
layer-3 routed links and layer-2
ethernet broadcast domains.
3.Providing important functions such as
the integration of network-hosted
services: load balancing, intrusion
detection, firewalls, SSL offload,
network analysis, and more

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 Data center network architecture

Core Layer
-Provide highly available, high
performance Layer-3 switching for IP
traffic between the data center and
the Telco’s Internet edge and
backbone.
- The high-speed packet switching
backplane for all flows going in and
out of the data center

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 Data center interconnect

Fig. Data center interconnect LAN extension encapsulation options

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 Data Center Interconnect Network

Used to connect multiple data

centers to support a seamless
customer experience of cloud
services.
Technical requirement for DCIN:
1. maintenance without downtime
2. dynamic virtual server migration
3. high-availability cluster
4. dynamic workload balancing
5. application mobility across
multiple sites.

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Network Architecture for Hybrid Cloud Deployments

A cloud-in-a-box or cloud cell,

is a pre-integrated, prepackaged
and self-contained service
delivery platform that can be
used easily and quickly to
implement private cloud
centers.

Fig. A Functional view of network architecture for hybrid clouds

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 Network Architecture for Hybrid Cloud Deployments

Firewalls ensure the

secure transport of user
data and application
workloads between
the data centers in a
hybrid cloud

WAN accelerators provide WAN

optimization that accelerates the Server load balancers ensure the
targeted cloud workloads over the workloads distributed evenly or
WAN, and ensure a transparent according to operations policies
user experience regardless where both within a single data center
the applications reside. and across multiple data centers

Network service node: is a logical or a physical unit that provides

the layer-4 network services to support cloud service deployment.

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