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Week 2

The document explains the concepts of slope and y-intercept in relation to linear equations, specifically using the point-slope and slope-intercept formulas. It also discusses the characteristics of different types of functions, including strictly increasing and decreasing functions, and the conditions under which a function has an inverse. Examples are provided to illustrate these mathematical principles.

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9 views13 pages

Week 2

The document explains the concepts of slope and y-intercept in relation to linear equations, specifically using the point-slope and slope-intercept formulas. It also discusses the characteristics of different types of functions, including strictly increasing and decreasing functions, and the conditions under which a function has an inverse. Examples are provided to illustrate these mathematical principles.

Uploaded by

anonymous290906
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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For a point (x, y) to be on the line, the line

segment from (2, 1) to (x, y) need to have a slope


of 1.
(𝑦 − 1)
1=
(𝑥 − 2)
y − 1 = 1(x − 2)
The line is defined by this formula:
l= {(x, y) ∈ ℝ 2 : y − 1 = 1(x − 2)}

If a line l has slope m, and if (x0, y0) is any point


on l, then l has the equation:
y − y0 = m(x − x0)

This is known as Slope-Point Formula

Lecture 4
Slope-Intercept formula

From last video, the equation of a line in point-slope


form that passes through (2, 1) and has slope m =
1 is
y − 1 = 1(x − 2).
The y-intercept is at point (0, b). To find b, we
substitute that point into the definition of the line:
(0, b) ∈ l, so
b − 1 = 1(0 − 2)
b = −1
Using the y-intercept in the equation for the line in
point-slope form:
y − (−1) = 1(x − 0)
y+1=x
y = 1x − 1

If l has slope m, and l intersects the y-axis at (0, b), then


y = mx + b Slope-Intercept Formula
is an equation for l, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.

Draw line with equation :


1. y = 2x + 1

1
2. y = x+1
5

3. y = 2x − 3
3. y = 2x − 3

The slope tells you how to angle the line, and the y-intercept tells you where to anchor it on the y-axis.

Example:

Problem: Line l has points (1, 1) and (3, 0) on it. Find an


equation for l.

Find the slope:


(0 − 1) 1
m= =−
(3 − 1) 2

Some possible equations for the line in point-slope


form:
1
y−1=−
2 (x − 1) Slope-Point Formula
1
y−0=− (x − 3)
2

An equation for the line in slope-intercept form:


1 3 Slope-Intercept Formula
y=− x+
2 2
Examples:

Absolute value function


g(x) = |x|
−𝑥, 𝑥 < 0
=
𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0

Quadratic function
h(x) = x2

Graph a function by testing input and output pairs, see a pattern, and try to draw a curve
through it. This is similar to querying in supervised learning.
Table of values:
x h(x)
0 02 = 0
1 12 =1

2 22 =4

3 32 =9
2
-1 (-1) =1
• F is strictly increasing
• G is strictly decreasing
• H is neither
Let f:ℝ → ℝ ,
f is strictly increasing if whenever a < b, we have f(a) < f(b).
f is strictly decreasing if whenever a < b, we have f(a) > f(b).

Examples:

f(x) = 2 x (exponential function)


g(x) = 3−x
h(x) = x 2

x f(x) x g(x) x h(x)


0 20 = 1 0 3-0 = 1 0 02 = 0
1 21 =2 1 3-1 = 1/3 1 12 =1

2 22 =4 2 3-2 = 1/9 2 22 =4

3 23 =8 3 3-3 = 1/27 3 32 =9
-1 1 2
-1 2 = 1/2 -1 3 =3 -1 (-1) =1

• F is strictly increasing
• G is strictly decreasing
Warning: not every function f : R → R has an inverse.

Warning: if the graph of f fails the horizontal line test, then f has no inverse. The
only invertible functions are those that are either strictly increasing or strictly
decreasing.

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