Chapter 2

Data Representation
Class 11 - Computer Science with Python Sumita Arora
Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

The value of radix in binary number system is ..........

1. 2✓
2. 8
3. 10
4. 16

Question 2

The value of radix in octal number system is ..........

1. 2
2. 8✓
3. 10
4. 16

Question 3

The value of radix in decimal number system is ..........

1. 2
2. 8
3. 10 ✓
4. 16

Question 4

The value of radix in hexadecimal number system is ..........

1. 2
2. 8
3. 10
4. 16 ✓

Question 5

Which of the following are not valid symbols in octal number system ?
 1. 2
2. 8 ✓
3. 9 ✓
4. 7

Question 6

Which of the following are not valid symbols in hexadecimal number system ?

1. 2
2. 8
3. 9
4. G✓
5. F

Question 7

Which of the following are not valid symbols in decimal number system ?

1. 2
2. 8
3. 9
4. G✓
5. F ✓

Question 8

The hexadecimal digits are 1 to 0 and A to ..........

1. E
2. F✓
3. G
4. D

Question 9

The binary equivalent of the decimal number 10 is ..........

1. 0010
2. 10
3. 1010 ✓
4. 010

Question 10

ASCII code is a 7 bit code for ..........

1. letters
 2. numbers
3. other symbol
4. all of these ✓

Question 11

How many bytes are there in 1011 1001 0110 1110 numbers?

1. 1
2. 2✓
3. 4
4. 8

Question 12

The binary equivalent of the octal Numbers 13.54 is.....

1. 1011.1011
2. 1001.1110
3. 1101.1110 ✓
4. None of these

Question 13

The octal equivalent of 111 010 is.....

1. 81
2. 72 ✓
3. 71
4. 82

Question 14

The input hexadecimal representation of 1110 is ..........

1. 0111
2. E✓
3. 15
4. 14

Question 15

Which of the following is not a binary number ?

1. 1111
2. 101
3. 11E ✓
4. 000
Question 16

Convert the hexadecimal number 2C to decimal:

1. 3A
2. 34
3. 44 ✓
4. 43

Question 17

UTF8 is a type of .......... encoding.

1. ASCII
2. extended ASCII
3. Unicode ✓
4. ISCII

Question 18

UTF32 is a type of .......... encoding.

1. ASCII
2. extended ASCII
3. Unicode ✓
4. ISCII

Question 19

Which of the following is not a valid UTF8 representation?

1. 2 octet (16 bits)

2. 3 octet (24 bits)
3. 4 octet (32 bits)
4. 8 octet (64 bits) ✓

Question 20

Which of the following is not a valid encoding scheme for characters ?

1. ASCII
2. ISCII
3. Unicode
4. ESCII ✓

Fill in the Blanks

Question 1
The Decimal number system is composed of 10 unique symbols.

Question 2

The Binary number system is composed of 2 unique symbols.

Question 3

The Octal number system is composed of 8 unique symbols.

Question 4

The Hexadecimal number system is composed of 16 unique symbols.

Question 5

The illegal digits of octal number system are 8 and 9.

Question 6

Hexadecimal number system recognizes symbols 0 to 9 and A to F.

Question 7

Each octal number is replaced with 3 bits in octal to binary conversion.

Question 8

Each Hexadecimal number is replaced with 4 bits in Hex to binary conversion.

Question 9

ASCII is a 7 bit code while extended ASCII is a 8 bit code.

Question 10

The Unicode encoding scheme can represent all symbols/characters of most languages.

Question 11

The ISCII encoding scheme represents Indian Languages' characters on computers.

Question 12

UTF8 can take upto 4 bytes to represent a symbol.

Question 13

UTF32 takes exactly 4 bytes to represent a symbol.

Question 14
Unicode value of a symbol is called code point.

True/False Questions

Question 1

A computer can work with Decimal number system.

False

Question 2

A computer can work with Binary number system.

True

Question 3

The number of unique symbols in Hexadecimal number system is 15.

False

Question 4

Number systems can also represent characters.

False

Question 5

ISCII is an encoding scheme created for Indian language characters.

True

Question 6

Unicode is able to represent nearly all languages' characters.

True

Question 7

UTF8 is a fixed-length encoding scheme.

False

Question 8

UTF32 is a fixed-length encoding scheme.

True

Question 9

UTF8 is a variable-length encoding scheme and can represent characters in 1 through 4 bytes.
True

Question 10
UTF8 and UTF32 are the only encoding schemes supported by Unicode.
False

Type A: Short Answer Questions

Question 1

What are some number systems used by computers ?

Answer

The most commonly used number systems are decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal number systems.

Question 2

What is the use of Hexadecimal number system on computers ?

Answer

The Hexadecimal number system is used in computers to specify memory addresses (which are 16-bit or
32-bit long). For example, a memory address 1101011010101111 is a big binary address but with hex it
is D6AF which is easier to remember. The Hexadecimal number system is also used to represent colour
codes. For example, FFFFFF represents White, FF0000 represents Red, etc.

Question 3

What does radix or base signify ?

Answer

The radix or base of a number system signifies how many unique symbols or digits are used in the
number system to represent numbers. For example, the decimal number system has a radix or base of 10
meaning it uses 10 digits from 0 to 9 to represent numbers.

Question 4

What is the use of encoding schemes ?

Answer

Encoding schemes help Computers represent and recognize letters, numbers and symbols. It provides a
predetermined set of codes for each recognized letter, number and symbol. Most popular encoding
schemes are ASCI, Unicode, ISCII, etc.

Question 5

Discuss UTF-8 encoding scheme.

Answer

UTF-8 is a variable width encoding that can represent every character in Unicode character set. The code
unit of UTF-8 is 8 bits called an octet. It uses 1 to maximum 6 octets to represent code points depending
on their size i.e. sometimes it uses 8 bits to store the character, other times 16 or 24 or more bits. It is a
type of multi-byte encoding.
Question 6

How is UTF-8 encoding scheme different from UTF-32 encoding scheme ?

Answer

UTF-8 is a variable length encoding scheme that uses different number of bytes to represent different
characters whereas UTF-32 is a fixed length encoding scheme that uses exactly 4 bytes to represent all
Unicode code points.

Question 7

What is the most significant bit and the least significant bit in a binary code ?

Answer

In a binary code, the leftmost bit is called the most significant bit or MSB. It carries the largest weight.
The rightmost bit is called the least significant bit or LSB. It carries the smallest weight. For example:

\begin{matrix} \underset{\bold{MSB}}{1} & 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 &

\underset{\bold{LSB}}{0} \end{matrix}MSB1011011LSB0

Question 8

What are ASCII and extended ASCII encoding schemes ?

Answer

ASCII encoding scheme uses a 7-bit code and it represents 128 characters. Its advantages are simplicity
and efficiency. Extended ASCII encoding scheme uses a 8-bit code and it represents 256 characters.

Question 9

What is the utility of ISCII encoding scheme ?

Answer

ISCII or Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange can be used to represent Indian languages on
the computer. It supports Indian languages that follow both Devanagari script and other scripts like
Tamil, Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, etc.

Question 10

What is Unicode ? What is its significance ?

Answer

Unicode is a universal character encoding scheme that can represent different sets of characters belonging
to different languages by assigning a number to each of the character. It has the following significance:

1. It defines all the characters needed for writing the majority of known languages in use today
across the world.
2. It is a superset of all other character sets.
3. It is used to represent characters across different platforms and programs.
Question 11

What all encoding schemes does Unicode use to represent characters ?

Answer

Unicode uses UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 encoding schemes.

Question 12

What are ASCII and ISCII ? Why are these used ?

Answer

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It uses a 7-bit code and it can
represent 128 characters. ASCII code is mostly used to represent the characters of English language,
standard keyboard characters as well as control characters like Carriage Return and Form Feed. ISCII
stands for Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange. It uses a 8-bit code and it can represent 256
characters. It retains all ASCII characters and offers coding for Indian scripts also. Majority of the Indian
languages can be represented using ISCII.

Question 13

What are UTF-8 and UTF-32 encoding schemes. Which one is more popular encoding scheme ?

Answer

UTF-8 is a variable length encoding scheme that uses different number of bytes to represent different
characters whereas UTF-32 is a fixed length encoding scheme that uses exactly 4 bytes to represent all
Unicode code points. UTF-8 is the more popular encoding scheme.

Question 14

What do you understand by code point ?

Answer

Code point refers to a code from a code space that represents a single character from the character set
represented by an encoding scheme. For example, 0x41 is one code point of ASCII that represents
character 'A'.

Question 15

What is the difference between fixed length and variable length encoding schemes ?

Answer

Variable length encoding scheme uses different number of bytes or octets (set of 8 bits) to represent
different characters whereas fixed length encoding scheme uses a fixed number of bytes to represent
different characters.

Type B: Application Based Questions

Question 1
Convert the following binary numbers to decimal:

(a) 1101

Answer

Binary
Power Value Result
No

1 (LSB) 20 1 1x1=1

0 21 2 0x2=0

1 22 4 1x4=4

1 (MSB) 23 8 1x8=8

Equivalent decimal number = 1 + 4 + 8 = 13

Therefore, (1101)2 = (13)10

(b) 111010

Answer

Binary
Power Value Result
No

0 (LSB) 20 1 0x1=0

1 21 2 1x2=2

0 22 4 0x4=0

1 23 8 1x8=8

1 24 16 1x16=16

1 (MSB) 25 32 1x32=32

Equivalent decimal number = 2 + 8 + 16 + 32 = 58

Therefore, (111010)2 = (58)10

(c) 101011111

Answer
 Binary
Power Value Result
No

1 (LSB) 20 1 1x1=1

1 21 2 1x2=2

1 22 4 1x4=4

1 23 8 1x8=8

1 24 16 1x16=16

0 25 32 0x32=0

1 26 64 1x64=64

0 27 128 0x128=0

1 (MSB) 28 256 1x256=256

Equivalent decimal number = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 64 + 256 = 351

Therefore, (101011111)2 = (351)10

Question 2

Convert the following binary numbers to decimal :

(a) 1100

Answer

Binary
Power Value Result
No

0 (LSB) 20 1 0x1=0

0 21 2 0x2=0

1 22 4 1x4=4

1 (MSB) 23 8 1x8=8

Equivalent decimal number = 4 + 8 = 12

Therefore, (1100)2 = (12)10

(b) 10010101

Answer

Binary
Power Value Result
No

1 (LSB) 20 1 1x1=1

0 21 2 0x2=0

1 22 4 1x4=4

0 23 8 0x8=0

1 24 16 1x16=16

0 25 32 0x32=0

0 26 64 0x64=0

1 (MSB) 27 128 1x128=128

Equivalent decimal number = 1 + 4 + 16 + 128 = 149

Therefore, (10010101)2 = (149)10

(c) 11011100

Answer

Binary
Power Value Result
No

0 (LSB) 20 1 0x1=0

0 21 2 0x2=0

1 22 4 1x4=4

1 23 8 1x8=8

1 24 16 1x16=16
 Binary
Power Value Result
No

0 25 32 0x32=0

1 26 64 1x64=64

1 (MSB) 27 128 1x128=128

Equivalent decimal number = 4 + 8 + 16 + 64 + 128 = 220

Therefore, (11011100)2 = (220)10

Question 3

Convert the following decimal numbers to binary:

(a) 23

Answer

2 Quotient Remainder

2 23 1 (LSB)

2 11 1

2 5 1

2 2 0

2 1 1 (MSB)

Therefore, (23)10 = (10111)2

(b) 100

Answer

2 Quotient Remainder

2 100 0 (LSB)

2 50 0
 2 Quotient Remainder

2 25 1

2 12 0

2 6 0

2 3 1

2 1 1 (MSB)

Therefore, (100)10 = (1100100)2

(c) 145

Answer

2 Quotient Remainder

2 145 1 (LSB)

2 72 0

2 36 0

2 18 0

2 9 1

2 4 0

2 2 0

2 1 1 (MSB)

Therefore, (145)10 = (10010001)2

(d) 0.25

Answer
 Multiply = Resultant Carry

0.25 x 2 = 0.5 0

0.5 x 2 = 0 1

Therefore, (0.25)10 = (0.01)2

Question 4

Convert the following decimal numbers to binary:

(a) 19

Answer

2 Quotient Remainder

2 19 1 (LSB)

2 9 1

2 4 0

2 2 0

2 1 1 (MSB)

Therefore, (19)10 = (10011)2

(b) 122

Answer

2 Quotient Remainder

2 122 0 (LSB)

2 61 1

2 30 0

2 15 1
 2 Quotient Remainder

2 7 1

2 3 1

2 1 1 (MSB)

Therefore, (122)10 = (1111010)2

(c) 161

Answer

2 Quotient Remainder

2 161 1 (LSB)

2 80 0

2 40 0

2 20 0

2 10 0

2 5 1

2 2 0

2 1 1 (MSB)

Therefore, (161)10 = (10100001)2

(d) 0.675

Answer

Multiply = Resultant Carry

 Multiply = Resultant Carry

0.675 x 2 = 0.35 1

0.35 x 2 = 0.7 0

0.7 x 2 = 0.4 1

0.4 x 2 = 0.8 0

0.8 x 2 = 0.6 1

(We stop after 5 iterations if fractional part doesn't become 0)

Therefore, (0.675)10 = (0.10101)2

Question 5

Convert the following decimal numbers to octal:

(a) 19

Answer

8 Quotient Remainder

8 19 3 (LSB)

8 2 2 (MSB)

Therefore, (19)10 = (23)8

(b) 122

Answer

8 Quotient Remainder

8 122 2 (LSB)

8 15 7

8 1 1 (MSB)
 8 Quotient Remainder

Therefore, (122)10 = (172)8

(c) 161

Answer

Answer

8 Quotient Remainder

8 161 1 (LSB)

8 20 4

8 2 2 (MSB)

Therefore, (161)10 = (241)8

(d) 0.675

Answer

Multiply = Resultant Carry

0.675 x 8 = 0.4 5

0.4 x 8 = 0.2 3

0.2 x 8 = 0.6 1

0.6 x 8 = 0.8 4

0.8 x 8 = 0.4 6

Therefore, (0.675)10 = (0.53146)8

Question 6

Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to binary:

(a) A6
Answer

Hexadecimal Binary
Number Equivalent

6 0110

A (10) 1010

(A6)16 = (10100110)2

(b) A07

Answer

Hexadecimal Binary
Number Equivalent

7 0111

0 0000

A (10) 1010

(A07)16 = (101000000111)2

(c) 7AB4

Answer

Hexadecimal Binary
Number Equivalent

4 0100

B (11) 1011

A (10) 1010

7 0111

(7AB4)16 = (111101010110100)2

Question 7

Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to binary:

(a) 23D
Answer

Hexadecimal Binary
Number Equivalent

D (13) 1101

3 0011

2 0010

(23D)16 = (1000111101)2

(b) BC9

Answer

Hexadecimal Binary
Number Equivalent

9 1001

C (12) 1100

B (11) 1011

(BC9)16 = (101111001001)2

(c) 9BC8

Answer

Hexadecimal Binary
Number Equivalent

8 1000

C (12) 1100

B (11) 1011

9 1001

(9BC8)16 = (1001101111001000)2

Question 8
Convert the following binary numbers to hexadecimal:

(a) 10011011101

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{0100} \quad \underlinesegment{1101} \quad

\underlinesegment{1101}010011011101

Binary Equivalent
Number Hexadecimal

1101 D (13)

1101 D (13)

0100 4

Therefore, (10011011101)2 = (4DD)16

(b) 1111011101011011

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{1111} \quad \underlinesegment{0111} \quad

\underlinesegment{0101} \quad \underlinesegment{1011}1111011101011011

Binary Equivalent
Number Hexadecimal

1011 B (11)

0101 5

0111 7

1111 F (15)

Therefore, (1111011101011011)2 = (F75B)16

(c) 11010111010111

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:
\underlinesegment{0011} \quad \underlinesegment{0101} \quad
\underlinesegment{1101} \quad \underlinesegment{0111}0011010111010111

Binary Equivalent
Number Hexadecimal

0111 7

1101 D (13)

0101 5

0011 3

Therefore, (11010111010111)2 = (35D7)16

Question 9

Convert the following binary numbers to hexadecimal:

(a) 1010110110111

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{0001} \quad \underlinesegment{0101} \quad

\underlinesegment{1011} \quad \underlinesegment{0111}0001010110110111

Binary Equivalent
Number Hexadecimal

0111 7

1011 B (11)

0101 5

0001 1

Therefore, (1010110110111)2 = (15B7)16

(b) 10110111011011

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:
\underlinesegment{0010} \quad \underlinesegment{1101} \quad
\underlinesegment{1101} \quad \underlinesegment{1011}0010110111011011

Binary Equivalent
Number Hexadecimal

1011 B (11)

1101 D (13)

1101 D (13)

0010 2

Therefore, (10110111011011)2 = (2DDB)16

(c) 0110101100

Answer

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{0001} \quad \underlinesegment{1010} \quad

\underlinesegment{1100}000110101100

Binary Equivalent
Number Hexadecimal

1100 C (12)

1010 A (10)

0001 1

Therefore, (0110101100)2 = (1AC)16

Question 10

Convert the following octal numbers to decimal:

(a) 257

Answer

Octal
Power Value Result
No
 Octal
Power Value Result
No

7 (LSB) 80 1 7x1=7

5 81 8 5x8=40

2 (MSB) 82 64 2x64=128

Equivalent decimal number = 7 + 40 + 128 = 175

Therefore, (257)8 = (175)10

(b) 3527

Answer

Octal
Power Value Result
No

7 (LSB) 80 1 7x1=7

2 81 8 2x8=16

5 82 64 5x64=320

3 (MSB) 83 512 3x512=1536

Equivalent decimal number = 7 + 16 + 320 + 1536 = 1879

Therefore, (3527)8 = (1879)10

(c) 123

Answer

Octal
Power Value Result
No

3 (LSB) 80 1 3x1=3

2 81 8 2x8=16

1 (MSB) 82 64 1x64=64

Equivalent decimal number = 3 + 16 + 64 = 83

Therefore, (123)8 = (83)10

(d) 605.12

Answer

Integral part

Octal
Power Value Result
No

5 80 1 5x1=5

0 81 8 0x8=0

6 82 64 6x64=384

Fractional part

Octal
Power Value Result
No

1 8-1 0.125 1x0.125=0.125

2 8-2 0.0156 2x0.0156=0.0312

Equivalent decimal number = 5 + 384 + 0.125 + 0.0312 = 389.1562

Therefore, (605.12)8 = (389.1562)10

Question 11

Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to decimal:

(a) A6

Answer

Hexadecimal
Power Value Result
Number

6 160 1 6x1=6

A (10) 161 16 10x16=160

Equivalent decimal number = 6 + 160 = 166

Therefore, (A6)16 = (166)10

(b) A13B
Answer

Hexadecimal
Power Value Result
Number

B (11) 160 1 11x1=11

3 161 16 3x16=48

1 162 256 1x256=256

A (10) 163 4096 10x4096=40960

Equivalent decimal number = 11 + 48 + 256 + 40960 = 41275

Therefore, (A13B)16 = (41275)10

(c) 3A5

Answer

Hexadecimal
Power Value Result
Number

5 160 1 5x1=5

A (10) 161 16 10x16=160

3 162 256 3x256=768

Equivalent decimal number = 5 + 160 + 768 = 933

Therefore, (3A5)16 = (933)10

Question 12

Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to decimal:

(a) E9

Answer

Hexadecimal
Power Value Result
Number

9 160 1 9x1=9
 Hexadecimal
Power Value Result
Number

E (14) 161 16 14x16=224

Equivalent decimal number = 9 + 224 = 233

Therefore, (E9)16 = (233)10

(b) 7CA3

Answer

Hexadecimal
Power Value Result
Number

3 (11) 160 1 3x1=3

A (10) 161 16 10x16=160

C (12) 162 256 12x256=3072

7 163 4096 7x4096=28672

Equivalent decimal number = 3 + 160 + 3072 + 28672 = 31907

Therefore, (7CA3)16 = (31907)10

Question 13

Convert the following decimal numbers to hexadecimal:

(a) 132

Answer

16 Quotient Remainder

16 132 4

16 8 8

Therefore, (132)10 = (84)16

(b) 2352

Answer
 16 Quotient Remainder

16 2352 0

16 147 3

16 9 9

Therefore, (2352)10 = (930)16

(c) 122

Answer

16 Quotient Remainder

16 122 A (10)

16 7 7

Therefore, (122)10 = (7A)16

(d) 0.675

Answer

Multiply = Resultant Carry

0.675 x 16 = 0.8 A (10)

0.8 x 16 = 0.8 C (12)

0.8 x 16 = 0.8 C (12)

0.8 x 16 = 0.8 C (12)

0.8 x 16 = 0.8 C (12)

(We stop after 5 iterations if fractional part doesn't become 0)

Therefore, (0.675)10 = (0.ACCCC)16

Question 14

Convert the following decimal numbers to hexadecimal:

(a) 206

Answer

16 Quotient Remainder

16 206 E (14)

16 12 C (12)

Therefore, (206)10 = (CE)16

(b) 3619

Answer

16 Quotient Remainder

16 3619 3

16 226 2

16 14 E (14)

Therefore, (3619)10 = (E23)16

Question 15

Convert the following hexadecimal numbers to octal:

(a) 38AC

Answer

Hexadecimal Binary
Number Equivalent

C (12) 1100
 Hexadecimal Binary
Number Equivalent

A (10) 1010

8 1000

3 0011

(38AC)16 = (11100010101100)2

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{011}\medspace\underlinesegment{100}\medspace\underlinesegme
nt{010}\medspace\underlinesegment{101}\medspace\underlinesegment{100}011100
010101100

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

100 4

101 5

010 2

100 4

011 3

(38AC)16 = (34254)8

(b) 7FD6

Answer

Hexadecimal Binary
Number Equivalent

6 0110

D (13) 1101

F (15) 1111
 Hexadecimal Binary
Number Equivalent

7 0111

(7FD6)16 = (111111111010110)2

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{111}\medspace\underlinesegment{111}\medspace\underlinesegme
nt{111}\medspace\underlinesegment{010}\medspace\underlinesegment{110}111111
111010110

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

110 6

010 2

111 7

111 7

111 7

(7FD6)16 = (77726)8

(c) ABCD

Answer

Hexadecimal Binary
Number Equivalent

D (13) 1101

C (12) 1100

B (11) 1011

A (10) 1010

(ABCD)16 = (1010101111001101)2

Grouping in bits of 3:
\underlinesegment{001}\medspace\underlinesegment{010}\medspace\underlinesegme
nt{101}\medspace\underlinesegment{111}\medspace\underlinesegment{001}\medspa
ce\underlinesegment{101}001010101111001101

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

101 5

001 1

111 7

101 5

010 2

001 1

(ABCD)16 = (125715)8

Question 16

Convert the following octal numbers to binary:

(a) 123

Answer

Octal Binary
Number Equivalent

3 011

2 010

1 001

Therefore, (123)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{001}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{010}}\medspace\
bold{\underlinesegment{011}}001010011)2
(b) 3527

Answer
 Octal Binary
Number Equivalent

7 111

2 010

5 101

3 011

Therefore, (3527)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{011}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{101}}\medspace\
bold{\underlinesegment{010}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{111}}011101010
111)2
(c) 705

Answer

Octal Binary
Number Equivalent

5 101

0 000

7 111

Therefore, (705)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{111}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{000}}\medspace\
bold{\underlinesegment{101}}111000101)2

Question 17

Convert the following octal numbers to binary:

(a) 7642

Answer

Octal Binary
Number Equivalent

2 010
 Octal Binary
Number Equivalent

4 100

6 110

7 111

Therefore, (7642)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{111}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{110}}\medspace\
bold{\underlinesegment{100}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{010}}111110100
010)2
(b) 7015

Answer

Octal Binary
Number Equivalent

5 101

1 001

0 000

7 111

Therefore, (7015)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{111}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{000}}\medspace\
bold{\underlinesegment{001}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{101}}111000001
101)2
(c) 3576

Answer

Octal Binary
Number Equivalent

6 110

7 111
 Octal Binary
Number Equivalent

5 101

3 011

Therefore, (3576)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{011}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{101}}\medspace\
bold{\underlinesegment{111}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{110}}011101111
110)2
(d) 705

Answer

Octal Binary
Number Equivalent

5 101

0 000

7 111

Therefore, (705)8 =
(\bold{\underlinesegment{111}}\medspace\bold{\underlinesegment{000}}\medspace\
bold{\underlinesegment{101}}111000101)2

Question 18

Convert the following binary numbers to octal

(a) 111010

Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{111} \quad \underlinesegment{010}111010

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

010 2

111 7
Therefore, (111010)2 = (72)8

(b) 110110101

Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{110} \quad \underlinesegment{110} \quad

\underlinesegment{101}110110101

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

101 5

110 6

110 6

Therefore, (110110101)2 = (665)8

(c) 1101100001

Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{001} \quad \underlinesegment{101} \quad \underlinesegment{100}

\quad \underlinesegment{001}001101100001

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

001 1

100 4

101 5

001 1

Therefore, (1101100001)2 = (1541)8

Question 19

Convert the following binary numbers to octal

(a) 11001
Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{011} \quad \underlinesegment{001}011001

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

001 1

011 3

Therefore, (11001)2 = (31)8

(b) 10101100

Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{010} \quad \underlinesegment{101} \quad

\underlinesegment{100}010101100

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

100 4

101 5

010 2

Therefore, (10101100)2 = (254)8

(c) 111010111

Answer

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{111} \quad \underlinesegment{010} \quad

\underlinesegment{111}111010111

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

111 7
 Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

010 2

111 7

Therefore, (111010111)2 = (727)8

Question 20

Add the following binary numbers:

(i) 10110111 and 1100101

Answer

\begin{matrix} & & \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{0} & 1 & 1 & \overset{1}{0} &
\overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{1} & 1 \\ + & & & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\ \hline
& \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} & \bold{1} & \bold{1} & \bold{1} &
\bold{0} & \bold{0} \end{matrix}+11100110110101010111111100110
Therefore, (10110111)2 + (1100101)2 = (100011100)2

(ii) 110101 and 101111

Answer

\begin{matrix} & & \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{0} &

\overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{0} & 1 \\ + & & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ \hline &
\bold{1} & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{0}
\end{matrix}+111111100011011110110110
Therefore, (110101)2 + (101111)2 = (1100100)2

(iii) 110111.110 and 11011101.010

Answer

\begin{matrix} & & \overset{1}{0} & \overset{1}{0} & \overset{1}{1} &

\overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{0} & \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{1} &
\overset{1}{1} & . & \overset{1}{1} & 1 & 0 \\ + & & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 &
1 & . & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ \hline & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} & \bold{1}
& \bold{0} & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{1} & \bold{.} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} &
\bold{0} \end{matrix}+101100110110011110110111111001111...1100110000
Therefore, (110111.110)2 + (11011101.010)2 = (100010101)2

(iv) 1110.110 and 11010.011

Answer
\begin{matrix} & & \overset{1}{0} & \overset{1}{1} & \overset{1}{1} & 1 &
\overset{1}{0} & . & \overset{1}{1} & 1 & 0 \\ + & & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & . & 0 &
1 & 1 \\ \hline & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{1} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} & \bold{1}
& \bold{.} & \bold{0} & \bold{0} & \bold{1} \end{matrix}+10110111111001100101...
1100110011
Therefore, (1110.110)2 + (11010.011)2 = (101001.001)2

Question 21

Given that A's code point in ASCII is 65, and a's code point is 97. What is the binary representation of 'A'
in ASCII ? (and what's its hexadecimal representation). What is the binary representation of 'a' in ASCII ?

Answer

Binary representation of 'A' in ASCII will be binary representation of its code point 65.

Converting 65 to binary:

2 Quotient Remainder

2 65 1 (LSB)

2 32 0

2 16 0

2 8 0

2 4 0

2 2 0

2 1 1 (MSB)

Therefore, binary representation of 'A' in ASCII is 1000001.

Converting 65 to Hexadecimal:

16 Quotient Remainder

16 65 1

16 4 4
 16 Quotient Remainder

Therefore, hexadecimal representation of 'A' in ASCII is (41)16.

Similarly, converting 97 to binary:

2 Quotient Remainder

2 97 1 (LSB)

2 48 0

2 24 0

2 12 0

2 6 0

2 3 1

2 1 1 (MSB)

Therefore, binary representation of 'a' in ASCII is 1100001.

Question 22

Convert the following binary numbers to decimal, octal and hexadecimal numbers.

(i) 100101.101

Answer

Decimal Conversion of integral part:

Binary
Power Value Result
No

1 20 1 1x1=1

0 21 2 0x2=0
 Binary
Power Value Result
No

1 22 4 1x4=4

0 23 8 0x8=0

0 24 16 0x16=0

1 25 32 1x32=32

Decimal Conversion of fractional part:

Binary
Power Value Result
No

1 2-1 0.5 1x0.5=0.5

0 2-2 0.25 0x0.25=0

1 2-3 0.125 1x0.125=0.125

Equivalent decimal number = 1 + 4 + 32 + 0.5 + 0.125 = 37.625

Therefore, (100101.101)2 = (37.625)10

Octal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{100} \quad \underlinesegment{101} \quad \bold{.} \quad

\underlinesegment{101}100101.101

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

101 5

100 4

. .

101 5

Therefore, (100101.101)2 = (45.5)8

Hexadecimal Conversion
Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{0010} \quad \underlinesegment{0101} \medspace . \medspace

\underlinesegment{1010}00100101.1010

Binary Equivalent
Number Hexadecimal

0101 5

0010 2

1010 A (10)

Therefore, (100101.101)2 = (25.A)16

(ii) 10101100.01011

Answer

Decimal Conversion of integral part:

Binary
Power Value Result
No

0 20 1 0x1=0

0 21 2 0x2=0

1 22 4 1x4=4

1 23 8 1x8=8

0 24 16 0x16=0

1 25 32 1x32=32

0 26 64 0x64=0

1 27 128 1x128=128

Decimal Conversion of fractional part:

 Binary
Power Value Result
No

0 2-1 0.5 0x0.5=0

1 2-2 0.25 1x0.25=0.25

0 2-3 0.125 0x0.125=0

1 2-4 0.0625 1x0.0625=0.0625

1 2-5 0.03125 1x0.03125=0.03125

Equivalent decimal number = 4 + 8 + 32 + 128 + 0.25 + 0.0625 + 0.03125 = 172.34375

Therefore, (10101100.01011)2 = (172.34375)10

Octal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 3:

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

100 4

101 5

010 2

. .

010 2

110 6

Therefore, (10101100.01011)2 = (254.26)8

Hexadecimal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{1010} \quad \underlinesegment{1100} \medspace . \medspace

\underlinesegment{0101} \medspace \underlinesegment{1000}10101100.01011000
 Binary Equivalent
Number Hexadecimal

1100 C (12)

1010 A (10)

0101 5

1000 8

Therefore, (10101100.01011)2 = (AC.58)16

(iii) 1010

Answer

Decimal Conversion:

Binary
Power Value Result
No

0 20 1 0x1=0

1 21 2 1x2=2

0 22 4 0x4=0

1 23 8 1x8=8

Equivalent decimal number = 2 + 8 = 10

Therefore, (1010)2 = (10)10

Octal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{001} \quad \underlinesegment{010}001010

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

010 2
 Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

001 1

Therefore, (1010)2 = (12)8

Hexadecimal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{1010}1010

Binary Equivalent
Number Hexadecimal

1010 A (10)

Therefore, (1010)2 = (A)16

(iv) 10101100.010111

Answer

Decimal Conversion of integral part:

Binary
Power Value Result
No

0 20 1 0x1=0

0 21 2 0x2=0

1 22 4 1x4=4

1 23 8 1x8=8

0 24 16 0x16=0

1 25 32 1x32=32

0 26 64 0x64=0

1 27 128 1x128=128

Decimal Conversion of fractional part:

 Binary
Power Value Result
No

0 2-1 0.5 0x0.5=0

1 2-2 0.25 1x0.25=0.25

0 2-3 0.125 0x0.125=0

1 2-4 0.0625 1x0.0625=0.0625

1 2-5 0.03125 1x0.03125=0.03125

1 2-6 0.015625 1x0.015625=0.015625

Equivalent decimal number = 4 + 8 + 32 + 128 + 0.25 + 0.0625 + 0.03125 + 0.015625 = 172.359375

Therefore, (10101100.010111)2 = (172.359375)10

Octal Conversion

Grouping in bits of 3:

\underlinesegment{010} \quad \underlinesegment{101} \quad \underlinesegment{100}

\quad \bold{.} \quad \underlinesegment{010} \quad \underlinesegment{111}010101
100.010111

Binary Equivalent
Number Octal

100 4

101 5

010 2

. .

010 2

111 7

Therefore, (10101100.010111)2 = (254.27)8

Hexadecimal Conversion
Grouping in bits of 4:

\underlinesegment{1010} \quad \underlinesegment{1100} \medspace . \medspace

\underlinesegment{0101} \medspace \underlinesegment{1100}10101100.01011100

Binary Equivalent
Number Hexadecimal

1100 C (12)

1010 A (10)

0101 5

1100 C (12)

Therefore, (10101100.010111)2 = (AC.5C)16