1.

Fundamentals of Cybersecurity • Monitor and Analyze Network

Traffic: Use IDS/IPS for traffic analysis
• Definition and Importance of to detect malicious activity.
Cybersecurity
The practice of protecting systems, • Restore from Secure Backups: If data
networks, and programs from digital corruption occurs, restore systems from
attacks. secure backups.
• CIA Triad (Confidentiality, Integrity,
Availability)
A fundamental model in cybersecurity 3. System Security
ensuring data protection.
• Operating System Security (Windows
Common Cyber Threats: & Linux Hardening)
Strengthening OS defenses against
• Malware: Malicious software like
threats.
viruses, worms, and trojans that harm
• Patch Management and System
systems.
Updates
• Phishing: Fraudulent attempts to obtain Regular updates to fix security
sensitive information via email or vulnerabilities.
messages.
Response to Breach:
• DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service):
• Isolate Compromised Systems:
Attack that overwhelms a target system
Disconnect the affected systems to
with traffic.
prevent further damage.
• Social Engineering: Manipulating
• Full Security Audit: Assess how the
individuals into divulging confidential
breach occurred and the extent of the
information.
damage.
• Restore from Backups: Use secure
2. Network Security backups to recover compromised data
and systems.
• Basics of Networking (OSI Model,
TCP/IP)
Foundational concepts of data
4. Web Security
communication.
• Firewalls and IDS/IPS • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Security mechanisms to monitor and Injection of malicious scripts into
control network traffic. websites.
• Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) • SQL Injection
Secure communication channels over Exploiting vulnerabilities in databases
untrusted networks. through input fields.
• HTTPS and SSL/TLS Certificates
Response to Breach:
Encryption protocols for secure web
• Immediate Network Segmentation: communication.
Isolate the affected network or devices
Response to Breach:
to prevent further compromise.
 • Quarantine the Affected Web • Common Penetration Testing Tools
Application: Temporarily disable the Nmap, Metasploit, Burp Suite, Kali
web application or isolate it from the Linux.
network. • Red Team vs Blue Team vs Purple
Team
• Analyze Logs: Investigate the breach by
Offensive and defensive cybersecurity
reviewing server logs and identifying
roles.
attack methods.
• Fix Vulnerabilities: Address exploited
vulnerabilities and patch the system. 8. Compliance and Risk Management

• Common Compliance Frameworks

ISO 27001, NIST, GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-
5. Cryptography
DSS.
• Symmetric vs Asymmetric Encryption • Risk Assessment and Mitigation
Two primary encryption methods for Strategies
secure data transfer. Identifying and reducing security risks.
• Hashing Algorithms (SHA, MD5,
bcrypt)
Methods for ensuring data integrity. 9. Command-Line Security Tools

• CMD & PowerShell for Security

Auditing
6. Incident Response & Forensics
List running processes, view network
• Incident Response Lifecycle connections, and check system logs.
Stages of handling security breaches
(Preparation, Detection, Containment,
Eradication, Recovery, Lessons 10. Unknown Terminologies &
Learned). Implementation for Education
• Digital Forensics
Investigating cyber incidents to gather • Homomorphic Encryption
legal evidence. Encryption that allows computation on
ciphertexts without decryption.
Response to Breach: • Polymorphic Malware
Malware that changes its code to evade
• Incident Response Plan: Ensure an
detection.
effective plan is in place to handle
breaches quickly. • Cyber Kill Chain
A framework describing the stages of a
• Forensic Analysis: Gather evidence to cyberattack.
understand the scope of the attack and • MITRE ATT&CK Framework
prevent future breaches. A knowledge base of cyber adversary
tactics and techniques.
• Post-Incident Review: Perform a root
cause analysis to identify areas for
improvement in security practices.
Solutions for Security Breaches:
System Security Breach:
7. Ethical Hacking & Penetration Testing
 • Isolate Systems: Disconnect affected 10. Python Security Scripting
systems to limit damage.
Simple Port Scanner
• Audit and Investigate: Review logs
python
and identify how the breach occurred.
import socket
• Restore from Backups: Use clean
backups to recover affected systems. for port in range(20, 1025):
Preventive Measures: sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,
socket.SOCK_STREAM)
• Implement patch management, harden
systems, and use strong authentication sock.settimeout(1)
methods.
result = sock.connect_ex(("127.0.0.1", port))
Web Security Breach:
if result == 0:
• Quarantine Affected Application:
Disable or isolate the compromised print(f"Port {port} is open")
application. sock.close()
• Analyze Logs: Investigate attack
methods and patch vulnerabilities.
• Notify Affected Parties: Inform
customers or regulatory bodies if
necessary.
Preventive Measures:
• Use secure coding practices, HTTPS,
and deploy WAFs.
Network Security Breach:
• Segment the Network: Isolate
compromised segments or devices.
• Monitor Traffic: Use IDS/IPS to detect
further malicious activity.
• Restore Data: Restore from backups if
necessary.
Preventive Measures:
• Use firewalls, VPNs, and network
segmentation.