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Assignment On Consolidation

The document presents a series of questions related to consolidation theory in soil mechanics, focusing on calculations involving void ratios, effective normal stress, consolidation time, over-consolidation ratios, settlement due to primary consolidation, and changes in effective stress due to water table fluctuations. Each question requires specific soil parameters and conditions to derive solutions for practical engineering scenarios. The questions cover various aspects of soil behavior under loading and drainage conditions, emphasizing the importance of understanding consolidation in geotechnical engineering.

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Amitanshu Vines
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20 views2 pages

Assignment On Consolidation

The document presents a series of questions related to consolidation theory in soil mechanics, focusing on calculations involving void ratios, effective normal stress, consolidation time, over-consolidation ratios, settlement due to primary consolidation, and changes in effective stress due to water table fluctuations. Each question requires specific soil parameters and conditions to derive solutions for practical engineering scenarios. The questions cover various aspects of soil behavior under loading and drainage conditions, emphasizing the importance of understanding consolidation in geotechnical engineering.

Uploaded by

Amitanshu Vines
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONSOLIDATION THEORY

Q.1 The void ratio of a soil is 0.55 at an effective normal stress of 140 kPa. The compression index
of the soil is 0.25. What should be the increase in the magnitude of effective normal stress (in kPa) so
that, the void ratio will have reduced to 0.4?
Q.2 A 3 m thick clay layer is subjected to an initial uniform pore pressure of 145 kPa as shown in the
figure.

For the given ground conditions, find the time (in days rounded to the nearest integer) required for 90%
consolidation.

Q.3 The results of a consolidation test on an undisturbed soil, sampled at a depth of 10 m below the
ground level are as follows:

Saturated unit weight : 16 kN/m3


Pre-consolidation pressure : 90 kPa
The water table was encountered at the ground level. Assuming the unit weight of water as 10 kN/m 3,
what is the over-consolidation ratio of the soil?

Q.4 A water tank is to be constructed on the soil deposit shown in the figure below. A circular footing
of diameter 3 m and depth of embedment 1 m has been designed to support the tank. The total vertical
load to be taken by the footing is 1500 kN. Assume the unit weight of water as 10 kN/m3 and the load
dispersion pattern as 2V:1H. What will be the expected settlement of the tank due to primary
consolidation of the clay layer?

Q.5 A 20 m thick clay layer is sandwiched between a silty sand layer and a gravelly sand layer. The
layer experiences 30 mm settlement in 2 years.
Given:
Tv={π/4(U/100)}2 for U≤60%)
Tv=1.781−0.933log10(100−U) for U>60%
Where Tv is the time factor and U is the degree of consolidation in %.
If the coefficient of consolidation of the layer is 0.003 cm2/s, find the time will it take for the deposit to
experience a total of 50 mm settlement.
Q.6 A 4 m thick layer of normally consolidated clay has an average void ratio of 1.30. Its
compression index is 0.6 and coefficient of consolidation is 1 m2/yr. If the increase in vertical pressure
due to foundation load on the clay layer is equal to the existing effective overburden pressure, find the
change in the thickness of the clay layer in mm.
Q.7 A layer of normally consolidated, saturated silty clay of 1 m thickness is subjected to one
dimensional consolidation under a pressure increment of 20 kPa. The properties of the soil are: specific
gravity = 2.7, natural moisture content = 45%, compression index = 0.45, and recompression index =
0.05. The initial average effective stress within the layer is 100 kPa. Assuming Terzaghi’s theory to be
applicable, Find the primary consolidation settlement (rounded off to the nearest mm).
Q.8 A saturated undisturbed sample from a clay stratum has moisture content of 22.22% and specific
weight of 2.7. Assuming unit weight of water, γw as 10 kN/m3, find the void ratio and the saturated unit
weight of the clay.
Q.9 Using the properties of the clay layer derived from the above question, find the consolidation
settlement of the same clay layer under a square footing (neglecting its self-weight) with additional data
shown in the figure below (assume the stress distribution as 1H:2V from the edge of the footing and γw =
10 kN/m3).

Q.10 A saturated clay stratum draining both at the top and bottom undergoes 50 percent consolidation
in 16 years under an applied load. If an additional drainage layer were present at the middle of the clay
stratum, when would be 50 percent consolidation occurred?
Q.11 The ground conditions at a site are as shown in the figure. The water table at the site which was
initially at a depth of 5m below the ground level got permanently lowered to a depth of 15m below the
ground level due to pumping of water over a few years. Assume the following data

i.unit weight of water = 10kN/m3


ii.unit weight of sand above water table = 18kN/m3
iii.unit weight of sand and clay below the water table = 20kN/m3
iv.coefficient of volume compressibility = 0.25m2/MN

What is the change in the effective stress in kN/m2 at mid-depth of the clay layer due to the lowering of
the water table?

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