Further Maths 6

A-Level Starter Topic: Hyperbolic functions (1)

Activity
Chapter Reference: Core Pure 2, Chapter 6 minutes
1. A function is given by,
𝑓(𝑥) = 5 cosh 𝑥 − 4 sinh 𝑥, 𝑥∈ℝ
1
Show that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2 (ⅇ 𝑥 + 9ⅇ −𝑥 ) (2)

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2. Using the definitions of cosh 𝑥 and sinh 𝑥 n terms of ex and e-x, prove that
sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x. (4)
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Content created by Dami Oyelade for JethwaMaths

 Solutions
1.
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5 cosh 𝑥 − 4 sinh 𝑥 = 5 × 1⁄2 (ⅇ 𝑥 + ⅇ −𝑥 ) − 4 × 1⁄2 (ⅇ 𝑥 − ⅇ −𝑥 )
M1
1 A1
= (ⅇ 𝑥 + 9ⅇ −𝑥 )
2

2.
Correct def′′ of cosh 𝑥 and sinh 𝑥
B1
1 1 B1
Expand 2 ⋅ 2 (ⅇ 𝑥 − ⅇ −𝑥 ) 2 (ⅇ 𝑥 + ⅇ −𝑥 )
M1
1 2𝑥 A1
(ⅇ − ⅇ −2𝑥 )
2

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Further Maths 8
A-Level Starter Topic: Hyperbolic functions (2)
Activity
Chapter Reference: Core Pure 2, Chapter 6 minutes
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = artanh 𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, −1 < 𝑥 < 1.
a. Show clearly that
1 1+𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ln ( ) 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, −1 < 𝑥 < 1.
2 1−𝑥
(5)
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b. Hence simplify fully

𝑥2 − 1
𝑔(𝑥 ) = artanh ( ),𝑥 > 0 ⋅
𝑥2 + 1
(3)
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 Solutions
1a.
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑦 = 𝑥
ⅇ 2𝑦 − 1
=𝑥 M1
ⅇ 2𝑦 + 1
ⅇ 2𝑦 − 1 = 𝑥ⅇ 2𝑦 + 𝑥 M1
1+𝑥 A1
ⅇ 2𝑦 = A1
1−𝑥
1 1+𝑥 A1
𝑦 = ln ( )
2 1−𝑥
1 1+𝑥
∴ 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥 = ln ( )
2 1−𝑥

1b.
𝑥2 − 1
1 1+ 2
𝑔(𝑥) = ln [ 𝑥 + 1] M1
2 𝑥2 − 1
1− 2 M1
𝑥 +1
A1
𝑔(𝑥) = ln 𝑥

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Further Maths 7
A-Level Starter Topic: Hyperbolic functions (3)
Activity
Chapter Reference: Core Pure 2, Chapter 6 minutes
1. Given that,
2 cosh2 𝑥 − 1 ≡ cosh 2𝑥.
Prove the validity of the above hyperbolic identity by using the definitions of cosh 𝑥 and sinh 𝑥 in terms of
exponentials. (3)
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2. Solve the hyperbolic equation,

4 + 6(ⅇ 2𝑥 + 1) tanh 𝑥 = 11 cosh 𝑥 + 11 sinh 𝑥.
(4)
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Content created by Dami Oyelade for JethwaMaths

 Solutions
1.
1 1
LHS = 2 cosh2 𝑥 = 2 (2 ⅇ𝑥 + 2 ⅇ−𝑥 )2 −1 M1
1 A1
= 2 (ⅇ 2𝑥 + ⅇ −2𝑥 ) = cosh 2𝑥 = RHS A1

2.
ⅇ 2𝑥 − 1 11 𝑥 11 −𝑥 11 𝑥 11 −𝑥
4 + 6(ⅇ 2𝑥 + 1) ( 2𝑥 )= ⅇ + ⅇ + ⅇ − ⅇ M1
ⅇ +1 2 2 2 2
M1
⟹ 6ⅇ 2𝑥 − 11ⅇ 𝑥 − 2 = 0 A1
⇒ ⅇ𝑥 = 2 A1
∴ 𝑥 = ln 2

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Further Maths 5
A-Level Starter Topic: Hyperbolic functions (4)
Activity
Chapter Reference: Core Pure 2, Chapter 6 minutes
1. Given that,
1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 + 𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ( ) , 𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≠ 0.
𝑥
𝑥 2 −|𝑥|
Show clearly that 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) = 2 . (5)
𝑥 √𝑥 2+1

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Content created by Dami Oyelade for JethwaMaths

 Solutions
1.
1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥 + 𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ ( )
𝑥 M1
′( )
1 1 −1 M1
𝑓 𝑥 = + × ( 2)
√𝑥 2 + 1 √ 1 𝑥 A1
1+ 2
𝑥 A1
2 | |
𝑥 − 𝑥 A1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 2
𝑥 √𝑥 2+1

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Further Maths 8
A-Level Starter Topic: Hyperbolic functions (5)
Activity
Chapter Reference: Core Pure 2, Chapter 6 minutes
1. If 0 < 𝑘 < √2 − 1 prove that
1−𝑘 1−𝑘
1+𝑘 ln 𝑥 1+𝑘 artanh 𝑥
∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥.
𝑘 𝑥 −1 𝑘 𝑥
You need not evaluate these integrals. (8)
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Content created by Dami Oyelade for JethwaMaths

 Solutions

1.
LHS
1−𝑘 1−𝑘
1+𝑘 ln 𝑥 1+𝑘 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑘 𝑥2 −1 𝑘 𝑥2 −1
1−𝑘 M1
1−𝑘
1+𝑘 −1 M1
= [− ln(𝑥 )(artanh 𝑥)]1+𝑘
𝑘 −∫ artanh 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑘 𝑥 M1
1−𝑘 A1
1+𝑘 1
= [ln(𝑥 )(artanh 𝑥)]𝑘1−𝑘 + ∫ artanh 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 A1
1+𝑘 𝑘 𝑥 B1
M1
Show that A1
[ln(𝑥 )(artanh 𝑥)]𝑘1−𝑘 = 0
1+𝑘

1−𝑘 1−𝑘
1+𝑘 ln 𝑥 1+𝑘 artanh 𝑥
∴∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑘 𝑥2 − 1 𝑘 𝑥

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