PRATHYUSHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

LAB MANUAL
for
CS3271 – PROGRAMMING IN C LABORATORY
(Regulation 2021, II Semester)

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2021 – 2022

(Even Semester)

PREPARED BY
E.SHIMONA,
Assistant Professor / CSE

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 PRATHYUSHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

VISION

To emerge as a premier technical, engineering and management institution in the country by

imparting quality education and thus facilitate our students to blossom in to dynamic
professional so that they play a vital role for the progress of the nation and for a peaceful co-
existence of our fellow human being.

MISSION

Prathyusha Engineering College will strive to emerge as a premier Institution in the country by
• To provide state of art infrastructure facilities
• Imparting quality education and training through qualified, experienced and committed
members of the faculty
• Empowering the youth by providing professional leadership
• Developing centers of excellence in frontiers areas of Engineering, Technology and
Management
• Networking with Industry, Corporate and Research Organizations
• Promoting Institute-Industry partnership for the peace and prosperity of the nation

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

VISION

Our Vision is to build a strong teaching & research environment in the field of computer science
and engineering for developing a team of young dynamic computer science engineers,
researchers, future entrepreneurs who are adaptive to respond to the challenges of 21st century.
Our commitment lies in producing disciplined human individuals, capable of contributing
solutions to solve problems faced by our society.

MISSION
• To provide a quality undergraduate and graduate education in both the theoretical and applied
foundations of computer science and engineering.
• To train the students to effectively apply this education to solve real-world problems, thus
amplifying their potential for lifelong high-quality careers and gives them a competitive
advantage in the ever-changing and challenging global work environment of the 21st century.
• To initiate collaborative real-world industrial projects with industries and academic institutions
to inculcate facilities in the arena of Research & Development
• To prepare them with an understanding of their professional and ethical responsibilities

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
PEO-1: To train the graduates to be excellent in computing profession by updating technical
skill-sets and applying new ideas as the technology evolves.
PEO-2: To enable the graduates to excel in professional career and /or higher education by
acquiring knowledge in mathematical, computing and engineering principles.
PEO-3: To enable the graduates, to be competent to grasp, analyze, design, and create new
products and solutions for the real time problems that are technically advanced
economically feasible and socially acceptable
PEO- 4: To enable the graduates to pursue a productive career as a member of multi-disciplinary
and cross-functional teams, with an appreciation for the value of ethic and cultural
diversity and an ability to relate engineering issues to broader social context.

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES AND PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

1. An ability to apply knowledge of computing, mathematics, science and engineering
fundamentals appropriate to the discipline.
2. An ability to analyze a problem, and identify and formulate the computing requirements
appropriate to its solution.
3. An ability to design, implement, and evaluate a computer-based system, process, component,
or program to meet desired needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety,
cultural, societal and environmental considerations.
4. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.
5. An ability to use current techniques, skills, and modern tools necessary for computing
practice.
6. An ability to analyze the local and global impact of computing on individuals, organizations,
and society.
7. Knowledge of contemporary issues.
8. An understanding of professional, ethical, legal, security and social issues and
responsibilities.
9. An ability to function effectively individually and on teams, including diverse and
multidisciplinary, to accomplish a common goal.
10. An ability to communicate effectively with a range of audiences.
11. Recognition of the need for and an ability to engage in continuing professional development.
12. An understanding of engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own
work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects.
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES (PSO’s)
A graduate of the Computer Science and Engineering Program will able,
PSO1: To Analyze, Design and Develop computer programs / Applications in the areas related
to Web-Technologies, Networking, Algorithms, Cloud Computing, Data analytics,
Computer Vision, Cyber-Security and Intelligent Systems for efficient design of
Computer-based and Mobile-based systems of varying complexity.
PSO2: To use modern software tools (like NS2, MATLAB, OpenCV, etc.) for designing,
simulating, analyzing and generating experimental results for real-time problems and
case studies
PSO3: To Apply Software Engineering practices and strategies for developing Projects related to
emerging technologies.

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 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

SL.NO NAMEOF THE EXPERIMENT PAGE NO.

1 I/O statements, operators, expressions. 5

2 Decision-making constructs: if-else, goto, switch- 8

case, break-continue.

3 Loops: for, while, do-while. 13

4 Arrays: 1D and 2D, Multi-dimensional arrays, 17

traversal.

5 Strings: operations. 22

6 Functions: call, return, passing parameters by 23

(value, reference), passing arrays to function.

7 Recursion. 27

8 Pointers: Pointers to functions, Arrays,Strings, 28

Pointers to Pointers, Array of Pointers.

9 Structures: Nested Structures, Pointers to 30

Structures, Arrays of Structures and Unions.

10 Files: reading and writing, File pointers, file 34

operations, random access, processor directives.

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 1. I/O statements, operators, expressions
EXPNO: 1A SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATION
Aim:
To write a C program to find the root of a quadratic equation.

Algorithm:
1. Start
2. Enter three coefficients a,b,c.
3. Calculate d=b*b-4*a a.
4. Check if d=0 the root are equal, and calculate
root1=root2=-b/(2.0*a)
5. If d>0 then root are real and distinct. Calculate root1=-b/(2.0*a)
root1= (-b+sqrt (d))/(2*a)
root1= (-b-sqrt (d))/(2*a)
6. If d>0 then root are imaginary root contains real and imaginary parts.
Calculate realp =-b(2*a)
imgp = sqrt(d)/(2*a) and
root1= real p+imgp
root1= real p-imgp
7. Display root1, root2.
8. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter three coefficient of quadratic equation
1
2
1
Roots are equal
Roots 1= root2=-1.000000

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 1B FINDING BIGGEST AMOUNG TWO NUMBERS
USING TERNARY OPERATOR

Aim:
To write a c program to find biggest among two numbers using ternary operator.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Read two numbers A and B.
3. Check C= (A>B)? A:B. That is if A is bigger than B then C=A otherwise C=B.
4. Print bigger value as C.
5. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter the value of A: 34
Enter the value of B: 78
The Biggest value is = 78

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 1C CONVERTING CENTIGRADE TO FAHRENTHEIT

Aim:
To write a C program to convert centigrade to Fahrenheit.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Read centigrade value C.
3. Calculate F=C*(9/5)+32
4. Print Fahrenheit value F.
5. Stop.

Sample Output:
Conversion of centigrade to Fahrenheit
165
Centigrade value: 165.000000
Formula used
F=C*(9/5)+32
Fahrenheit value: 329.000000

Result:
Thus the program is executed Successfully.

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 2. Decision-making constructs: if-else, goto, switch-case, break-continue
EXPNO: 2A CHECKING LEAP YEAR OR NOT
Aim:
To write a C program to check leap year or not.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Read year.
3. Check whether year is divisible by 4 and 400 and not divisible by 100.
4. If the condition is true then print year is leap year. Otherwise print year is not leap year.
5. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter the Value of N: 2000
2000 is a leap year.
Enter the value of N: 1700
1700 is not leap year.

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 2B BIGGEST AMONG TWO NUMBERS USING GOTO

Aim:
To write a c program to find biggest among two numbers using goto.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Read two numbers a, b.
3. If a>b then go to greater. Otherwise print B is greater than A.
4. In greater section print A is greater than B.
5. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter two numbers
45
12
A is greater than B
Enter two numbers
45
97
B is greater than A

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 2C SIMULATING SIMPLE CALCULATOR

Aim:
To write a C program to simulate simple calculator.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Display the menu
3. Read the choice
4. If the choice is 1, then Read two number, Add two numbers, and print the result.
5. If the choice is 2, then Read two number, subtract a-b and print the result.
6. If the choice is 3, then Read two number, multiply two numbers and print result.
7. If the choice is 4, then Read two number, divide a/b and print the result.
8. If the choice is 5, then exit.

Sample Output:
Type your expression (num1 op num2)
65-98
65.00-98.0-33.00
Type your expression (num1 op num2)
65+76
65.00+76.0141.00
Type your expression (num1 op num2)
7*7
7*7=49
Type your expression (num1 op num2)
6/6
6/0=0

Result:
Thus the program is executed Successfully.

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EXPNO: 2D PRINTING NUMBER DIGITS

Aim:
To write a C program to print number digits.
Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Read n
3. If n is1 then print “ONE”’
If n is 2 then print “TWO”,
Similarly print till number 9 and number 0.
4. Stop.
Sample Output:
Enter the value of N: 1
ONE
Enter the value of N: 2
TWO
Enter the value of N: 3
THREE
Enter the value of N: 4
FOUR
Enter the value of N: 5
FIVE
Enter the value of N: 6
SIX
Enter the value of N: 7
SEVEN
Enter the value of N: 8
EIGHT
Enter the value of N: 9
NINE
Enter the value of N: 0
ZERO
Result:
Thus the program is executed Successfully.

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EXPNO: 2E ILLUSTRATION OF CONTINUE STATEMENT

Aim:
To write a C program to illustrate continue statement.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Assign j=10
3. For (i=0; i<=j; i++)
If i==j then continue
Otherwise print i value
4. Stop.

Sample Output:
Hello 0
Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
Hello 5
Hello 6
Hello 7
Hello 8
Hello 9
Hello 10

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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 3. Loops: for, while, do-while
EXPNO: 3A ILLUSTRATION OF FOR EVALUATE 1+3+2+3+3+3…𝑵𝟑

Aim:
To write a C program to evaluate the series.

Algorithm:
1. Start
2. Read n, assign sum=0
3. For i=1 to n
Calculate sum=sum+1/(i*i*i)
4. Print sum
5. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter n 5
Sun =225

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 3B ILLUSTRATION OF FOR GENERATING FIBONACCI SERIES

Aim:
To write a C program to generate a Fibonacci series.

Algorithm:

1. Start.
2. Read num
3. Assign f1=0, f2=1.
4. Set loop for 1 and for all i<num value and calculate f3=f1+f2.
5. Display f1
6. Assign f1=f2 and f2=f3
7. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter how many number 7
0112358

Result:
Thus the program is executed Successfully.

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EXPNO: 3C ILLUSTRATION OF WHILE
CHECKING PALINDROME NUMBER OR NOT

Aim:
To write a C program to check whether given numbers is palindrome number or not.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Read n.
3. Assign rev=0 and temp=h
4. Calculate
r=n%10
rev=rev*10+r
n=n/10
5. Repeat step 4 till n>0
6. Check whether the value of temp and revere equal.
7. If both are equal then print number is palindrome.
8. If both are equal then print number is palindrome.
9. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter the number: 123
The reversed of number 123 is = 321
It is not palindrome
Enter the number: 151
The reversed of number 151 is = 151
It is not palindrome

Result:
Thus the program is executed Successfully.

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EXPNO: 3D ILLUSTRATION OF DO- WHILE : PRINTING NUMBER
Aim:
To Write a C program to print numbers using do – while loop.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Assign digit=0
3. Using do – while loop
Print the digit and increment i. If digit<=9
4. Stop.

Sample Output:
0123456789

Result:
Thus the program is executed Successfully.

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 4. Arrays: 1D and 2D, Multi-dimensional arrays, traversal
EXPNO: 4A COMPUTING MEAN VALLUE OF N NUMBERS

Aim:
To Write a C program computing mean value of N numbers

Algorithm:

1. Start.
2. Read number of elements n, and n number in any array.
3. Assign sum=0.
4. Read one element at a time from the array and add it to the sum.
5. Calculate mean=sum/n
6. Print mean
7. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter number of elements
6
Enter the element
8
3
9
4
5
6

Result:
Thus the program is executed Successfully.

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EXPNO: 4B ADDITION OF TWO MATRICES

Aim:
To write a C program to add matrices.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Read the element of matrix A.
3. Read the element of matrix B.
4. Set a loop up to the row.
5. Set a inner loop up to the column.
6. Add the element of A and B column wise and store the result in sum matrix.
7. After execution of two loop, print the values in sum matrix.
8. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter the elements of matrix A
101
111
010
Enter the elements of matrix B
011
100
111
Sum of two matrix
112
211
121

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 4C MULTIPLICATIONS OF TWO MATRICES

Aim:
To write a C program to multiply two matrices.

Algorithm:

1. Start.
2. Enter the row and column of the matrix A.
3. Enter the row and column of the matrix B.
4. Enter the element of the matrix A.
5. Enter the element of the matrix B.
6. Print the element of the matrix A in matrix from.
7. Print the element of the matrix B in matrix from.
8. Set a loop up to row.
9. Set an inner loop up to column.
10.Set another inner loop up to column.
11.Multiply the A and B matrix and store and the element in the C matrix.
12.Print the resultant matrix.
13.Stop.

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Sample Output:
Enter the row and column value of A matrix 3 3
Enter the row and column value of B matrix 3 3
Enter the element of matrix A1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Enter the element of matrix B9

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
The resultant matrix is
30 24 18
84 69 54
138 114 90

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 4D LINEAR SEARCH

Aim:
To write a C program to perform linear search.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Read n and n number in array A.
3. Read the key element to be searched
4. Assign sound=0
5. Access the element one at a time and compare it with the key.
6. If both are equal then print key found and increment sound variable.
7. After checking all the element check if found=0 then print key not found.
8. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter the value of n6
Enter 6 number 1
9
2
8
3
7
Enter key element to be searched3
Key found

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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 5. Strings: operations
EXPNO: 5 SORTING NAMES IN ASCENDING ORDER

Aim:
To write a C program to sort the names in alphabetical order using string function.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Enter number of names.
3. Enter the name.
4. Set two loops and compare every two strings.
5. Repeat step 5 until all the strings are compared.
6. Print he names in sorted order.
7. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter number of names
5
Enter the names
varsha
denisha
jovita
suthan
Effie
The names to sorted order
Effie
denisha
jovita
suthan
varsha

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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 6. Functions: call, return, passing parameters by (value, reference), passing
arrays to function
EXPNO:6A FINDING MAX OF THREE NUMBER USING FUNCTION

Aim:
To write a C program to find maximum of three number using maximum of three numbers using
function.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Read a, b, c.
3. Call max unction with the parameters a, b, c.
4. Print maximum value.
5. Stop.
Max Function:
1. Start.
2. If a>b and a>c then assign max=9.
3. Otherwise if b>c then assign max=b. Otherwise assign max=c
4. Return max.
5. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter three integer values:
56
28
79
Maximum is:79

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 6B SWAPPING TWO NUBERS USING PASS BY VALUE

Aim:
To write a C program swapping two numbers using pass by Value.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Call swap function and pass a,b s arguments.
3. Calculate
X=x+y
Y=x-y
X=x-y
4. Display the swapped numbers
5. Stop.

Sample Output:
Before swap values are 10 20
In swap function values are 20 10
After swap values are 10 20

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 6C SWAPPING TWO NUMBERS USING PASS BY REFERENCE

Aim:
To write a C program swapping two numbers using pass by address/ reference.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Call swap function and pass address of a,b as arguments
3. Calcullate
*x=*x+*y
*y=*x-*y
*x=*x-*y
4. Display x, y values
5. Stop.

Sample Output:
Before swap values are 10 20
In swap function value are 20 10
After swap value are 20 10

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 6D SORTING NUMBERS IN ASCENDING ORDER USING FUNCTION

Aim:
To Write a C program to sort numbers in ascending order using function.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Read total number of items n
3. Read n numbers in array a.
4. Call function sort with the parameters a,n.
5. Print the sorted array.
6. Stop.
Sort function:
1. Start.
2. Compare elements to sort in ascending order.
3. If the first element is greater than second element, then interchange the elements.
4. Repeat step 2 and 3 to get finally sorted element.
5. Stop.

Sample output:
Enter the numbers to sort: 15 90 25 84 28 10
Sorted Numbers: 10 15 25 28 84 90

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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 7. Recursion
EXPNO: 7 FACTORIAL OF GIVEN NUMBER USING RECURSIVE FUNCTION

Aim:
To write a C program to find the factorial of a number using recursion.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Enter the number.
3. Call the factorial recursive function by passing the number.
4. Print the result.
5. Stop.
Recursive Function:
1. Start the function.
2. Assign fact=1
3. If num equals 1 them factorial is 1
4. Calculate fact= x* fact(x-1)
5. Return fact value.

Sample Output:
Enter the number:
5
Factorial of 5=120

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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 8. Pointers: Pointers to functions, Arrays,Strings, Pointers to Pointers, Array
of Pointers
EXPNO: 8A POINTERS TO FUNCTIONS
CALCULATING AREA OF A TRIANGLE

Aim:
To write a C program to calculate area of a triangle using pointers and functions.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Read base, height
3. Print area
4. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter the base of the triangle: 10
Enter the height of the triangle: 5
Area of the triangle with base 10.0 and height 5.0=25.00

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 8B POINTERS & ARRAYS FINDING MEAN OF N NUMBERS USING
ARRAYS
Aim:
1. Start.
2. Assign mean=0.0
3. Read numbers of element
4. Read n elements is array
5. Add all the elements in the array and divide the sum by total number of
elements to find the mean
6. Print sum and mean
7. Stop

Sample Output:
Enter the number of elements
Enter the number: 1
Enter the number:2
Enter the number:3
Enter the number:4
Enter the number:5
The numbers you entered are;
12345
The sum is:15
The mean is : 3.00

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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 9. Structures: Nested Structures, Pointers to Structures, Arrays of Structures
and Unions
EXPNO: 9A NESTED STRUCTURES:
PRINTING EMPLOYEE PERSONAL DETAILS

Aim :
To write C program to calculate the gross salary using structure within Structure
Algorithm:
1. Start
2. Struct employee
e_code[4]=char
e_name[20]=char
e_bp=float
struct
e_da=float
e_hra=float
allo
e_pf=float
end struct
3. Read the employee code,name basic pay, da, hra, pf
4. Print the employee code, name basic pay, hra, pf.
5. Calculate gross
Salary=emp1.e_bp+emp1.allo.e_da+emp1. allo.e_har+emp1.e_pf.
6. print the gross salary.
7. stop

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Sample Output:
Enter the code : 1990
Enter the name : Ramesh
Enter the basic pay : 15000
Enter the dearness allowance:1500
Enter the house rent allowance:1000
Enter the provident fund:800
Code : 1990
Name : Ramesh
Basic pay : 15000.00
Dearnedd allowance : 1500.00
House rent allowance : 1000.00
Provident fund : 800.00
Net pay :18300.00

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 9B POINTERS TO STRUCTURS: PRINTING
STUDENT DETAILS

Aim:
To write a c program to print student details using pointers to structures.

Algorithm:

1. Start.
2. Declare student structure
3. Read student roll number, student name, branch, marks.
4. Print student roll number, student name, branch, marks.
5. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter Roll no: 1000
Enter Name: Ebisha
Enter Branch: CSE
Enter Marks: 90

Roll Number: 1000

Name: Ebisha
Branch: CSE
Marks: 90

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 9C ARRAY OF STRUCTURES: CALCULATING
STUDENT MARK DETAILS

Aim:
To Write a C program to calculate the total marks using array of structures.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Declare the structure with members.
3. Initialize the marks of the students.
4. Calculate the subject total by adding student [i].sub 1+ student[i]. sub2+ student[i].sub 3.
5. Print the total marks of the students
6. Stop.

Sample Output:
TOTAL MARKS
Student [1]:193
Student [2]:197
Student [3]:164

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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 10.Files: reading and writing, File pointers, file operations, random access,
processor directives
EXPNO: 10A READING AND WRITING FILE

Aim:
To write a C program to read and write a file.

Algorithm:
1. Start.
2. Create a file pointer.
3. Read the file name to be opened.
4. Open the with write mode.
5. Write the data.
6. Open the file with read mode
7. Print the data
8. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter the file name: c.txt
Data in File: Welcome to C programming.

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 10B PROGRAM TO COUNT THE NUMER OF CHARACTERS AND
NUMBER OF LINES IN A FILE USING FILE POINTERS

Aim:
To write a C Program to count number of characters and number of lines in a
File using file pointer.

Algorithm:
1. Start
2. Create file name
3. Enter the file name
4. Open the file with read mode
5. Till the end of file reached read one character at time
( a ) if it is newline character ‘ /n’, then increment non_ of_lines count value by one
(b) if it is a character then increment no_of_characters count value by one.
6. Print on_ of_ lines _and on_ of_ characters values
7. Stop

Sample Output:
Enter the filename: Letter. Txt
In the file Letter. Txt, there is 1 line and 18 characters

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

35
EXPNO: 10C PROGRAM TO COPY ONE FILE TO ANOTHER

Aim:
To write a C program to one file to another

Algorithm:

1. Start
2. Create file pointers
3. Read two file names
4. Open first file with read mode
5. Open second file with write mode
6. Read first file character by character and write the characters in the second file
till end of file reached
7. Close both pointers
8. Stop

Sample Output:
Enter the name of the first filename:
a.txt
Enter the name of the second filename:
b.txt
FILE COPIED

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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EXPNO: 10D PROGRAM TO RANDOMLY READ THE NTH
RECORD OF A FILE

Aim:
To read nth record in file using random access method.

Algorithm:
1. Start
2. Create employee structure with variables
3. Read the file name with ‘rb’ mode
4. Read the record number to read
5. From the pointed by fp read a record of the specified record starting from the beginning of the file
6. Print the record values
7. Stop

Sample Output:
Enter the rec_ no you want to read: 06
Employee CODE: 06
Name: Tanya
HRA, DA and TA: 20000 10000 3000

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

37
 EXPNO: 10E PROGRAM TO COMPUTE AREA OF CIRCLE USING PREPROCESSOR
DIRECTIVES

Aim:
To write a C program to compute of a circle using pre-processor directives.

Algorithm:
1. Start
2. Define pi as 3.1415
3. Define circle_ area (or) as pi*r*r
4. Read radius
5. Call circle area function radius calculate area of circle.
6. Print area
7. Stop.

Sample Output:
Enter the radius: 6
Area= 113.094002

Result:
Thus the program is executed successfully.

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