Introduction to Computer Graphics

The term ‘Computer Graphics’ was coined by Verne Hudson and William Fetter from
Boeing who were pioneers in the field. Computer graphics is a dynamic and
essential field within computing that involves the creation, manipulation, and
rendering of visual content using computers.
In today’s digital era, computer graphics technologies have revolutionized how we
perceive and interact with visual information, playing a pivotal role in video games,
movies, architectural design, medical imaging, and more. There are several tools
used for the implementation of Computer Graphics. The basic is the graphics.h
header file in Turbo-C, Unity for advanced, and even OpenGL can be used for its
Implementation.
This article delves into the fundamental concepts of computer graphics, its diverse
applications, and the underlying technologies that drive innovation in this field.
What is Computer Graphics?
Computer Graphics including digital images, animations, and interactive graphics
used in various sectors such as entertainment, education, scientific visualization,
and virtual reality. Computer Graphics can be used in UI design, rendering,
geometric objects, animation, and many more. In most areas, computer graphics is
an abbreviation of CG.
Computer Graphics refers to several things
 The manipulation and the representation of the image or the data in a graphical
manner.
 Various technology is required for the creation and manipulation.
 Digital synthesis and its manipulation.
Types of Computer Graphics
 Raster Graphics: In raster, graphics pixels are used for an image to be drawn.
It is also known as a bitmap image in which a sequence of images is into smaller
pixels. Basically, a bitmap indicates a large number of pixels together.
 Vector Graphics: In vector graphics , mathematical formulae are used to draw
different types of shapes, lines, objects, and so on.
Applications of Computer Graphics
There are many applications of computer graphics discussed below-
 Computer Graphics are used for the aided design of systems engineering
and architectural systems- These are used in electrical automobiles and
electro-mechanical, and electronic devices. For example gears and bolts.
 Computer Art – MS Paint.
 Presentation Graphics – It is used to summarize financial statistical scientific
or economic data. For example- Bar charts systems and line charts.
 Entertainment- It is used in motion pictures, music videos, and television
gaming.
 Education and training- It is used to understand the operations of complex
systems. It is also used for specialized systems such as framing for captains,
pilots, and so on.
 Visualization- To study trends and patterns. For example- Analyzing satellite
photos of earth.
Why are Computer Graphics used?
Imagine a car manufacturing company that wants to showcase its vehicle sales over
the past decade. Storing and presenting this huge amount of data can be both time-
consuming and memory-intensive. Furthermore, it can be difficult for the average
person to understand. In such cases, by using graphics can be a more effective
solution. By using charts and graphs to visually signify the data, it becomes much
easier to understand and analyse the data.
Interactive computer graphics utilize a two-way communication concept between
users and computers. The computer receives input signals from the user, and the
picture is modified accordingly. When a command is applied, the picture updates
promptly.
How To Get Started in Computer Graphics
Step by step process to getting started with computer graphics-
Step-1: Understaind the basics
Learn the fundamental and basics of computer graphics such as rendering, shading,
animation, and modeling. Learn basic concepts of mathematics like linear
algebra, geometry, and calculus as well as basic principles of physics that support
computer graphics.
Step-2: Choose Your Area of Interest
Choose your area of interest like 2D-Graphics, 3D-Graphics, Animation, and special
effect (VFX).
Step-3: Learn Programming
Learn programming language that is used in graphics, such as Python, C++,
and JavaScript. Learn about Graphics Libraries and APIs like OpenGL, Vulkan,
DirectX, and frameworks like WebGL that is used in web based graphics.
Step-4: Use Graphics Software
Learn about modeling and animation tools such as Blender, Autodesk Maya,
or 3ds Max for 3D modeling and animation. Learn about 2D-Graphics software like
Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and GIMP.
Step-5: Study and Practice
Take online courses and tutorials, many institution offer Computer Graphics course
like Coursera, Udemy, and Khan Academy. And read textbooks like “Computer
Graphics: Principles and Practice” by John F. Hughes. Now, Starts with simple
projects, such as creating basic shapes and gradually move on to more complex
scenes and animations.
Step-6: Create a portfolio of your work
create your own projects and build an online portfolio to display your work, which is
helpful for job application.
Step-7: Apply for jobs in computer graphics
If you aim to build a career in computer graphics and grow in this field, gaining
experience is important. Search for entry-level positions, freelance, contract work,
and internships. When searching for jobs, read the descriptions carefully to
understand the responsibilities, required qualifications, and company details. This
will help you find roles that align with your career goals and skill set.
Frequently Asked Question On Computer Graphics – FAQs
What are examples of computer graphics?
Examples of computer graphics are photographs, drawings, line art, mathematical
graphs, line graphs, charts, diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols, geometric
designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images. Graphics often combine text,
illustration, and color.
What are the different types of computer graphics?
There are two type of computer graphics
 Vector graphics
 Raster graphics
What are the basic elements of computer graphics?
 Basic elements of computer graphics included Line, Shape, Form, Texture, Space,
Imagery, Typography, Color.
What are the main application of computer graphics?
main application of computer graphics are in marketing, entertainment, education,
healthcare, architecture.
What are the four type of computer graphics?
Four type of computer graphics are
 Raster graphics
 Vector graphics
 3D-Graphics
 Animation

video-display devices

1. Video Display Devices

1.1. Refresh Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRTs)
1.2. Raster-Scan Displays
1.3. Random-Scan Displays
1.4. Color CRT Monitors
1.4.1. Beam penetration method
1.4.2. Shadow mask method
1.5. Direct View Storage Tube(DVST)
1.6. Flat-Panel Displays

 Graphics output technology may be split into two categories:

 Non-permanent output to a screen

 Permanent output to a paper

 Recently all devices are digital in nature:

 Therefore, producing images become the process of setting individual points on the screen or on paper

 The points are laid out in a regular pattern on the output media.

Video Display Devices

 Refresh Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRTs)

 Raster-Scan Displays

 Random-Scan Displays

 Color CRT Monitors

 Flat-Panel Displays

Refresh Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRT)

 A beam of electrons emitted by an electron gun,

passes through focusing and deflection systems that direct the beam toward specified positions on
the phosphor-coated screen.

 Because the light emitted by the phosphor fades very rabidly, the refresh process is needed to maintain
the picture on the screen.

 Refreshing is done by redrawing the picture repeatedly by quickly directing the electron beam back over
the same screen points.

 Refresh rate: the frequency at which a picture is redrawn on the screen.

  Components of the Electron Gun :

1. The heated metal cathode

2. A control grid

 Heat is supplied to the cathode by directing a current through a coil of wire (the filament) inside the
cathode.

 This causes electrons to be “boiled off” the hot cathode surface.


Then, the free, negatively electrons are then accelerated towards the phosphor coating by a high
positive voltage.

 Intensity of the electron beam is controlled by the voltage at the control grid.

 A high negative voltage applied to the control grid will shut off the beam.

 A smaller negative voltage on the control grid decreases the number of electrons passing through.

 The brightness of a display point is controlled by varying the voltage on the control grid.

 The focusing system forces the electron beam to converge to a small cross section as it strikes the
phosphor.

 Deflection of the electron beam can be controlled by the deflection coils.

  Spots of light are produced on the screen by the
transfer of the CRT beam energy to the phosphor.

 Persistence: how long phosphors continue to emit light after the CRT beam is removed.

 Persistence is defined as the time that it takes the emitted light from the screen to decay to one-tenth of
its original intensity.

 Lower-persistence phosphors require high refresh rates to maintain a picture definition on the screen
without flicker and they are useful for animation.

 Higher-persistence phosphors are useful for displaying highly complex, static pictures.

Raster-Scan Displays

 The electron beam is swept across the screen one

row at a time from top to bottom. Each row is referred to as a scan line.

 Picture definition is stored in the frame buffer. This memory area holds the set of intensity values for the
screen points. These stored values are then retrieved from the refresh buffer and used to control the
intensity of the electron beam as it moves from spot to spot across the screen.
  Refreshing on raster-scan display is carried out at
the rate of 60-80 frames per seconds, this can be done by using following retrace techniques

 Horizontal retrace

 Vertical retrace

 The scan is synchronized with the access of the intensity values held in the frame buffer.

 The maximum resolution is determined by:

 The characteristics of the monitor

 Memory capacity available for storing the frame buffer

Random-Scan Displays

 The electron beam directed only to those parts of the screen where a picture is to be displayed.

 Sometimes called: store-writing or calligraphic displays.

 Picture definition is stored as a set of line-drawing commands.

 Draws all the component lines of a picture 30 to 60 times each second, with up to 100,000 “short” lines in
the display list.

 Designed for line-drawing applications and they cannot display realistic shaded scenes.

 A pen plotter operate in a similar way.

 Draws the components lines of an object in any order specified.

 Have higher resolution than raster-scan systems.

 Produce smooth line drawing.

 Refresh rate on a random scan system depends on the number of lines to be displayed.

 Picture definition is now stored as a set of line-drawing commands in an area of memory referred to as
the refresh display file.

 Other names: display list, display program or refresh rate “A

set of commands”.

 After all line drawing commands have been processed, the system cycles through the set of commands in
the display file.

 All component lines of a picture are drawn 30 to 60 times each second

 When a small set of lines is to be displayed each refresh cycle is delayed to avoid refresh rates greater
than 60 frames per second.

 Advantages:

 For line drawing applications

 Higher resolution than raster scan systems

 Smooth lines

 Disadvantages:

 Cannot display realistic shaded scenes

 Faster refreshing of the set of lines could burn out the phosphor

Color CRT Monitors

 Cathode Ray Tube(CRT) is the most common display device

 High resolution

 Good color fidelity

 High contrast (400:1)

 High update rates

Techniques for producing color :

 Beam penetration method

 Shadow mask method

Beam Penetration Method

 Random scan monitors use the beam penetration method for

displaying color picture. In this, the inside of CRT screen is coated two layers of phorphor namely red
and green.

 A beam of slow electrons excites ony the outer red layer, while a beam of fast electrons penetrates red
layer and excites the inner green layer. At intermediate beam speeds, combination of red and green
light are emitted to show two addtional colors- orange and yellow.

Advantages

 Less expensive

Disadvantages

 Quality of images are not good as comparatable with other methods

 Four colors are allowed only

Shadow Mask Method

 Raster scan system are use shadow mask methods

to produced a much more range of colors than beam penetration method.
 In this, CRT has three phosphor color dots. One phosphor dot emits a red light, second emits a green light
and third emits a blue light.

 This type of CRT has three electrons guns and a shadow mask
grid as shown in figure below:

 In this figure, three electrons beams are deflected and focused as a group onto the shadow mask which
contains a series of holes. When three beams pass through a hole in shadow mask they activate dot
triangle as shown in figure below

Advantages

 produce realistic images

 also produced different colors

 and shadows scenes.

Disadvantages

 low resolution

 expensive

 electron beam directed to whole screen

Direct View Storage Tube(DVST)

  A cathode-ray tube in which secondary emission of electrons from a storage
grid is used to provide an intensely bright display for long and controllable periods of time. Also known
as display storage tube; viewing storage tube.

 These monitors can play high resolution picture without flicker.

Flat Panel Displays

 Thin screen displays found with all portable computers and becoming the new standard with desktop
computers. Instead of utilizing the cathode-ray tube technology flat-panel displays use Liquid-crystal
display (LCD) technology or other alternative making them much lighter and thinner when compared
with a traditional monitor.

Input Devices
The Input Devices are the hardware that is used to transfer transfers input to the computer. The
data can be in the form of text, graphics, sound, and text. Output device display data from the
memory of the computer. Output can be text, numeric data, line, polygon, and other objects.

These Devices include:

1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
 3. Trackball
4. Spaceball
5. Joystick
6. Light Pen
7. Digitizer
8. Touch Panels
9. Voice Recognition
10. Image Scanner

Keyboard:
The most commonly used input device is a keyboard. The data is entered by pressing the set of
keys. All keys are labeled. A keyboard with 101 keys is called a QWERTY keyboard.

The keyboard has alphabetic as well as numeric keys. Some special keys are also available.

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1. Numeric Keys: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
2. Alphabetic keys: a to z (lower case), A to Z (upper case)
3. Special Control keys: Ctrl, Shift, Alt
4. Special Symbol Keys: ; , " ? @ ~ ? :
5. Cursor Control Keys: ↑ → ← ↓
6. Function Keys: F1 F2 F3....F9.
7. Numeric Keyboard: It is on the right-hand side of the keyboard and used for fast entry
of numeric data.

Function of Keyboard:

1. Alphanumeric Keyboards are used in CAD. (Computer Aided Drafting)

2. Keyboards are available with special features line screen co-ordinates entry, Menu
selection or graphics functions, etc.
3. Special purpose keyboards are available having buttons, dials, and switches. Dials are
used to enter scalar values. Dials also enter real numbers. Buttons and switches are
used to enter predefined function values.

Advantage:

1. Suitable for entering numeric data.

2. Function keys are a fast and effective method of using commands, with fewer errors.

Disadvantage:

1. Keyboard is not suitable for graphics input.

Mouse:
A Mouse is a pointing device and used to position the pointer on the screen. It is a small palm
size box. There are two or three depression switches on the top. The movement of the mouse
along the x-axis helps in the horizontal movement of the cursor and the movement along the y-
axis helps in the vertical movement of the cursor on the screen. The mouse cannot be used to
enter text. Therefore, they are used in conjunction with a keyboard.

Advantage:

1. Easy to use
2. Not very expensive

Trackball
It is a pointing device. It is similar to a mouse. This is mainly used in notebook or laptop
computer, instead of a mouse. This is a ball which is half inserted, and by changing fingers on
the ball, the pointer can be moved.
Advantage:

1. Trackball is stationary, so it does not require much space to use it.

2. Compact Size

Spaceball:
It is similar to trackball, but it can move in six directions where trackball can move in two
directions only. The movement is recorded by the strain gauge. Strain gauge is applied with
pressure. It can be pushed and pulled in various directions. The ball has a diameter around 7.5
cm. The ball is mounted in the base using rollers. One-third of the ball is an inside box, the rest
is outside.

Applications:

1. It is used for three-dimensional positioning of the object.

2. It is used to select various functions in the field of virtual reality.
3. It is applicable in CAD applications.
4. Animation is also done using spaceball.
5. It is used in the area of simulation and modeling.

Joystick:
A Joystick is also a pointing device which is used to change cursor position on a monitor screen.
Joystick is a stick having a spherical ball as its both lower and upper ends as shown in fig. The
lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The joystick can be changed in all four directions. The
function of a joystick is similar to that of the mouse. It is mainly used in Computer Aided
Designing (CAD) and playing computer games.
Light Pen
Light Pen (similar to the pen) is a pointing device which is used to select a displayed menu item
or draw pictures on the monitor screen. It consists of a photocell and an optical system placed in
a small tube. When its tip is moved over the monitor screen, and pen button is pressed, its
photocell sensing element detects the screen location and sends the corresponding signals to
the CPU.

Uses:

1. Light Pens can be used as input coordinate positions by providing necessary

arrangements.
2. If background color or intensity, a light pen can be used as a locator.
3. It is used as a standard pick device with many graphics system.
4. It can be used as stroke input devices.
5. It can be used as valuators

Digitizers:
The digitizer is an operator input device, which contains a large, smooth board (the appearance
is similar to the mechanical drawing board) & an electronic tracking device, which can be
changed over the surface to follow existing lines. The electronic tracking device contains a
switch for the user to record the desire x & y coordinate positions. The coordinates can be
entered into the computer memory or stored or an off-line storage medium such as magnetic
tape.

Advantages:
 1. Drawing can easily be changed.
2. It provides the capability of interactive graphics.

Disadvantages:

1. Costly
2. Suitable only for applications which required high-resolution graphics.

Touch Panels:
Touch Panels is a type of display screen that has a touch-sensitive transparent panel covering
the screen. A touch screen registers input when a finger or other object comes in contact with
the screen.

When the wave signals are interrupted by some contact with the screen, that located is
recorded. Touch screens have long been used in military applications.

Voice Systems (Voice Recognition):

Voice Recognition is one of the newest, most complex input techniques used to interact with the
computer. The user inputs data by speaking into a microphone. The simplest form of voice
recognition is a one-word command spoken by one person. Each command is isolated with
pauses between the words.

Voice Recognition is used in some graphics workstations as input devices to accept voice
commands. The voice-system input can be used to initiate graphics operations or to enter data.
These systems operate by matching an input against a predefined dictionary of words and
phrases.

Advantage:

1. More efficient device.

2. Easy to use
3. Unauthorized speakers can be identified

Disadvantages:

1. Very limited vocabulary

2. Voice of different operators can't be distinguished.
Image Scanner
It is an input device. The data or text is written on paper. The paper is feeded to scanner. The
paper written information is converted into electronic format; this format is stored in the
computer. The input documents can contain text, handwritten material, picture extra.

By storing the document in a computer document became safe for longer period of time. The
document will be permanently stored for the future. We can change the document when we
need. The document can be printed when needed.

Scanning can be of the black and white or colored picture. On stored picture 2D or 3D rotations,
scaling and other operations can be applied.

Types of image Scanner:

1. Flat Bed Scanner: It resembles a photocopy machine. It has a glass top on its top. Glass top
in further covered using a lid. The document to be scanned is kept on glass plate. The light is
passed underneath side of glass plate. The light is moved left to right. The scanning is done the
line by line. The process is repeated until the complete line is scanned. Within 20-25 seconds a
document of 4" * 6" can be scanned.

2. Hand Held Scanner: It has a number of LED's (Light Emitting Diodes) the LED's are
arranged in the small case. It is called a Hand held Scanner because it can be kept in hand
which performs scanning. For scanning the scanner is moved over document from the top
towards the bottom. Its light is on, while we move it on document. It is dragged very slowly over
document. If dragging of the scanner over the document is not proper, the conversion will not
correct.

Hard-Copy Devices in Computer Graphics

A hard copy is a printed copy of information from a computer. Sometimes it refers
to a printer, so it is called a hard copy because it exists as a physical object. A hard
copy is a tangible output that is usually printed. The principal examples are
printouts, whether text on graphics, form printers, and also films including
microfilms and microfiche is also considered as hardcopy output.

Hard Copy Output Devices:

It is an electromagnetic device, which accepts data from a computer and translates
them into forms understood by users. Output devices:- printers and plotters.
Printers:

The printer is the most important output device, which is used to print data on
paper. A printer is an important accessory for any computer system, especially for a
graphics system. This is because most of the graphics created using computer
graphics have their ultimate utilization in printed form. Printers are of two types
impact and non-impact printers.

There are several major printer technologies available. These technologies can be
broken down into two main categories with several types in each. Impact printers
involve mechanical components for conducting printing. While in non-impact
printers, no mechanical moving components are used.

 Impact-printers: It is a type of printer that works by direct contact with an ink

ribbon with paper. These printers are typically loud but remain in use today
 because of their unique ability to function with multiple forms. An impact printer
has mechanisms resembling those of a typewriter. These printers have a
mechanism whereby formed character faces are pressured against an inked
ribbon onto the paper in order to create an image. Example: Dot matrix and line
matrix
 Non-impact printers: It is a type of printer that does not hit or impact a ribbon
to the printer. They used laxer, xerographic, electrostatic, chemical and inkjet
technologies. Non-impact printers are generally much quieter. They are less
likely to need maintenance or repairs than earlier impact printers. These printers
do not touch the paper but rather use laser techniques, ink sprays, xerographic
processes, and electrostatic methods to produce the image on paper. Examples:
laser printers, inkjet printers, electrostatic printers.
 Dot Matrix: In the market, one of the most popular printers is the dot matrix
printer. These printers are popular because of their case of printing and
economical price. Each character is in the form pattern of dots and the head
consists of a matrix of pins of size. Oldest printing technology, one character at a
time by using a fixed no of pins. These printers are bidirectional and slow in
speed.
 Daisy Wheel Printer: It is called a daisy wheel because the print mechanism
looks like a daisy, at the end of each petal is a fully formed character that
produces a solid line print. These printers are generally used for word
processing.
 Advantages:
o More reliable
o Better quality
o Font can be changed easily
 Disadvantages:
o Noise
o More expensive
 Line printers: It is an impact printer and it is also known as a bar printer. It
prints one line of text at a time, they can print 30 to 300 lines per minute. Line
printers print the full width of the page, one line at a time, instead of a print
head using back end forth across the page.
 Advantages:
o low cost and more durable
o high speed
 Disadvantages:
o printing quality is low.
o It does not support printing graphics very noisy.
 Ink-jet printers: These printers are non impact character printers based on a
new technology. They print characters by spraying small drops of ink onto to the
paper. Inkjet printers produce high-quality output with presentable features.
They make less noise because no hammering is done and these have many
 styles of printing modes available. Some models of inkjet printers can produce
multiple copies of printing also. The ink in the cartridge of the printers is in liquid
form. They have nozzles from which ink is sprayed onto paper and it gets
printed.
 Advantages:
o low cost
o less overall physical size
o high quality of printing
o capable of printing in vivid color
o easy to use
 Disadvantages:
o The print head is less durable
o high maintenance of cost
o cartridges cost is high
o printing speed is not as speed as laser.
 Laser Printers: These are nonimpact page printers. They use laser lights to
produce the dots needed to form the characters to be printed on a page. The
laser printer, prints very fast, and it produces high-quality outputs. But this type
of printer is too costly. This type of printer makes use of a focused beam of light
to transfer text and images onto the paper.
 Advantages:
o It is not noisy,
o The work process is fast.
o Operating cost is low.
o It can print both text and images.
o These printers are highly optimized and user-friendly.
 Disadvantages:
o It is costly.
o It can not print multiple copies at the same time.
o These are not economical.
Differences Between Impact and Non-impact Printers:

Impact printers Non-impact printers

Produces character and graphics on a piece of A type of printer that produces character and
paper by striking it is called impact printing. graphics on a piece of paper without striking

It prints by hammering a set of metal pins. Printing is done by depositing ink in array form.

Here Electromagnetic devices are used. No electromagnetic device is used.

 Impact printers Non-impact printers

Faster speeds around 250 words per second. Slower speed by around 1 page per 30 seconds

Example: dot-matrix printer, line printer Example – Inkjet printer, laser printer

Plotters:
A plotter is a special output device used to produce hard copies of large graphics
and designs on paper, such as contributed maps, and engineering drawings. The
plotter is either a peripheral component that you add to your computer system with
its own internal processor. It is suitable for applications:

 Architectural plan of the building.

 CAD applications like the design of mechanical components of aircraft.
 Many engineering applications.
Advantages:
 It can produce high-quality output on large sheets.
 It is used to provide the high precession drawing.
 It can produce graphics of various drawings.
 The speed of producing output is high.
Types of Plotters:
 Drum plotter: It consists of a drum. The paper on which the design is made is
kept on the drum. The drum can rotate in both directions. Plotters comprised of
one or more pens and a pen holder. The holders are mounted perpendicular to
the drum surface. The pens are kept in the holder, which can move left to the
right as well as the right to the left. The graph plotting program controls the
movement of pens and drums.
 Flatbed plotter: It is used to draw complex designs and graphics. The flatbed
plotter can be kept over the table. The plotter consists of pen and holder. The
pen can draw characters of various sizes. There can be one or more pens and a
pen-holding mechanism. Each pen has ink of different color. Different colors help
to produce the multicolor design of the document.
What is Graphics Software?
Graphics software is a type of computer program that is used to create and edit images. There
is a wide range of graphics software available on the market, ranging from simple programs
that allow users to create and edit basic images, to complex tools that can be used to create
detailed 3D models and animations. Some of the most popular graphics software programs
include Adobe Photoshop, Corel Painter, and Autodesk Maya.

Characteristics:
 A graphics software program is a computer application used to create digital images.
 Graphics software programs can be used to create both vector and raster images.
 Common features of graphics software programs include the ability to create, edit, and
save images in a variety of formats.
 Some graphics software programs also offer features such as the ability to create
animations or 3D models.
 Popular examples of graphics software programs include Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, and
Inkscape.
Examples:
Some popular graphics software programs are Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, and
CorelDRAW. These programs can be used to create and edit digital images, illustrations, and
logos. They offer a variety of features and tools that allow users to manipulate photos and
graphics to create custom designs.

 Adobe Photoshop is a popular graphics software used by photographers and graphic

designers.
 Adobe Illustrator is another popular graphics software used by graphic designers,
especially for creating vector illustrations.
 CorelDRAW is a graphics software used by both professionals and hobbyists.
 GIMP is a free and open source graphics software with capabilities similar to Photoshop.
 Inkscape is a free and open source vector graphics software used by graphic designers
and illustrators.

Components:

The graphics software components are the tools that you use to create and manipulate your
graphic images. These components include the following:

 Image editors: These are the tools that you use to create or edit your graphic images.
Common image editors include Photoshop, Illustrator, and Inkscape.
 Vector graphics editors: These are the tools that you use to create or edit vector
graphics. Common vector graphics editors include CorelDRAW and Inkscape.
 3D modeling software: This is the software that you use to create three-dimensional
models. Common 3D modeling software includes Maya, 3ds Max, and Cinema 4D.
 Animation software: This is the software that you use to create animations. Common
animation software includes Adobe After Effects, Apple Motion, and Autodesk Maya.
 Video editing software: This is the software that you use to edit videos. Common video
editing software includes Adobe Premiere Pro, Apple Final Cut Pro, and Avid Media
Composer.
Types:
 Vector graphics software: This type of software is used to create images made up of
lines and shapes, which can be scaled without losing quality. Vector graphics are often
used for logos, illustrations, and diagrams.
 Raster graphics software: This type of software is used to create images made up of
pixels, which cannot be scaled without losing quality. Raster graphics are often used for
photos and web graphics.
 3D graphics software: This type of software is used to create three-dimensional images
and animations. 3D graphics are often used for product visualization and gaming.
 Animation software: This type of software is used to create moving images, either by
animating existing graphics or by creating new ones from scratch. Animation software is
often used for movies, commercials, and video games.

Applications:

The applications are used by professionals in a variety of fields, including graphic design,
photography, video editing, and web design. There are a wide variety of graphics software
applications available, each with its own unique set of features and capabilities. It is important
to choose the right application for the specific task at hand.

 It can be used to create and edit logos, and other graphical elements.
 It can be used to create website layouts and design elements.
 It can be used to create illustrations, visual presentations, and digital art.
 It can be used to edit and enhance photos, images, and animation.
 It can be used to create and edit website designs, presentation slides, and marketing
materials.

Advantages:

There are many advantages of using graphics software, including the ability to create high-
quality images, edit images and create custom graphics.

 Graphics software provides users with a wide range of tools to create, edit and manipulate
images.
 It is often easy to use and can be used by people with little or no experience in image
editing.
 It can be used to create images for a wide range of purposes, including web design,
advertising, and printing.
 It often provides a wide range of features, making it possible to create complex images
with ease.
 It is often able to create images in a range of different formats, making it easy to share
images with others.
 It provides users with a wide range of tools to create, edit, and manipulate images.
 It can be used to create both vector and bitmap images.
 It offers a variety of features and options that allow users to create images that are both
creative and professional.
 It is often used in conjunction with other software programs, such as word processors and
spreadsheets, to create comprehensive documents and presentations.

Disadvantages:

 Many graphics software programs are expensive, and the cost can be a barrier for some
people who want to use them.
 It requires a lot of memory to store huge files.
 Some graphics software programs can be complex and difficult to use, which can be
complicated for some users.
 It requires a powerful computer to work with the project smoothly.
 It can be time-consuming to create graphics.
 It can be expensive to purchase the software, and then you also have to pay for the
subscription regularly.
 It can be difficult to learn how to use the software, especially if you are not familiar with
graphic design.
 Some graphics software programs only offer limited functionality, which can be frustrating
for users who want to do more with their images.