Scribd
Upload
10 views

Relation-and-Function

The document provides an overview of relations and functions, focusing on piecewise functions, evaluation of functions, and operations on functions. It explains the definitions of relations and functions, illustrates how to determine if a relation is a function, and describes the vertical line test. Additionally, it covers function operations such as sum, difference, product, quotient, and composition with examples for clarity.

Uploaded by

tayantamano25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

Relation-and-Function

The document provides an overview of relations and functions, focusing on piecewise functions, evaluation of functions, and operations on functions. It explains the definitions of relations and functions, illustrates how to determine if a relation is a function, and describes the vertical line test. Additionally, it covers function operations such as sum, difference, product, quotient, and composition with examples for clarity.

Uploaded by

tayantamano25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Relation and Functions

Piecewise Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

Functions
Chapter 1

Leonard Jay L. Panal

Mathematics Department
Mindanao State University Main Campus
Marawi City
[email protected]

October 27, 2024

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics


Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

Relation
It is a set or ordered pairs. The set of all first entries of these
pairs is called the domain (abscissa) of the relation while the
set of all second entries are called range (ordinate) of the
relation
Given the set of ordered pairs (1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (5, 7)
Function
It is a relation in which each element of the domain corresponds
to exactly one element of the range.

Which of the relations are Function?


1 f = (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 5), (4, 5) Function
2 g = (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7) Not Function
3 h = (1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), ..., (n, 3n), ... Function
L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics
Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

Functions can be represented in different ways:


1 Table of Values
2 Ordered Pairs
3 Graph
4 Mapping Diagram
Determine whether the relationship given in the mapping
diagram is a function.
Vertical line Test
A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line
intersects the graph at most once.

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics


Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics


Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

Piecewise Function
Is a function that is defined by two or more equations where
each equations applies a certain interval over a specified domain.

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics


Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

Given the piece-wise function-define function



3x + 2, if x ≥ 0
f (x) =
−x2 + 3, if x < 0

Evalutate the Piecewise function:


Find the f (0) and f (−3).
Since x = 0

we use f (x) = 3x + 2
f (0) = 3(0) + 2 = 2

Since x = −3

we use f (x) = −x2 + 3


f (−3) = −(−3)2 + 3 = −9 + 3 = −6

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics


Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

Evaluate the given piecewise function. What is f (−5)? What is


f (3)?

1 f (x) =
x + 3, if x ≥ 0
−x2 + 3, if x < 0

2 f (x) =
x + 2, if x ≤ 2
−x + 3, if x ≥ 2
Solution:
For (1)
Since x = −5, we use f (x) = −x2 + 3
f (−5) = −(−5)2 + 3 = −25 + 3 = −22
Since x = 3, we use f (x) = x + 3
f (3) = (3) + 3 = 6

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics


Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

For (2)
Since x = −5, we use f (x) = x + 2
f (−5) = (−5) + 2 = −3
Since x = 3, we use f (x) = −x + 3
f (3) = −(3) + 3 = 0
Examples
What is f (−2) and f (7)

1 f (x) =
−x − 4, if x ≤ 5
2x2 − 7, if 5 < x ≤ 10
What is f (−4), f (0), f (2) and f (3)
 2

 x + 3x − 7, if x < −1
5x + 6, if x ≥ −1

1 f (x) =

 x3 + 4, if x > 2
12, if x = 2

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics


Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

Sketch the graph of the following given piecewise functions:



1 f (x) =
x, if x < 0
5, if x ≥ 0

 −3, if x < −1
2 f (x) = 3x − 5, if x > 1
 2
2x − 4, if x ≤ 1

 1, if x < −3
3 f (x) = x − 1, if −3 ≤ x ≤ 3
−2x + 4, if x > 3


 1, if x < −2
4 f (x) = 2x, if −2 < x ≤ 0
 1
− 2 x + 2, if x > 0

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics


Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

Evaluating a Function
To evaluate a function is simply substitute/replace a certain
variable with a given number of expressions.

Example: Evaluate the given function at x = 2


1 f (x) = 5x + 8
2 g(x) = x2 + 3x − 4
3 h(x) = |x + 3| − 2
4 t(x) = x3 − 5x2
5 p(x) = [x] + 5, where [x] is the smallest integer greater than
or equal x.

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics


Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Composite Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

Operations on Function
Given two functions f and g, then:
Sum of f and g: (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x)
Difference of f and g = (f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x)
Product of f and g = (f · g)(x) = f (x) · g(x)
Quotient of f and g = fg (x) = fg(x) (x)

Example: Given two functions f (x) = x2 − 1 and g(x) = x2 − x.


Compute the sum, difference, product and quotient.
Solutions:
1 f (x) + g(x) = (x2 − 1) + (x2 − x) = 2x2 − x − 1
2 f (x) − g(x) = (x2 − 1) − (x2 − x) = −1 + x
3 f (x) · g(x) = (x2 − 1) · (x2 − x) = x4 − x3 − x2 + x
f (x) x2 −1 (x+1)(x−1) x+1
4
g(x) = x2 −x
= x(x−1) = x .

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics


Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Composite Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

The composite of f and g, denoted f ◦ g, is defined by two


conditions:
Conditions
1 (f ◦ g)(x) = f (g(x)) which is read as ”f of g of x equals f

of g of x”.
2 x is in the domain of g and g(x) is in the domain of f .

Definition
The operation that combines f and g to produce their
composite is called function composition.

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics


Relation and Functions
Piecewise Function
Composite Function
Evaluation of Function
Operations on Functions

Example:
Given f (x) = x2 + 3x − 4 and g(x) = x − 2, evaluate the
following.
1 f (−1)
2 g(4)
3 f (g(x))
4 g(g(2))
5 (f ◦ g)(2)
Example: √
Given the functions, f (x) = 2x − 1 and g(x) = 2x + 1
1 Find and simplify (g ◦ f )(x).
2 Find and simplify (g ◦ f )(10).

L. Panal MATH 001 - General Mathematics

You might also like