PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 1
WHAT YOU
NEED TO KNOW

Select relevant literature

01
 02
Synthesize information from relevant
literature

03
 Organize the related literatures according
to variables of the study
2. If an idea or claim from a certain literature is
used in a current study,

WHAT I KNOW
Write True if the given statement is correct and
False if not. Write your answers on the chat
box.

1. Literature review refers to a comprehensive TRUE

summary and evaluation of scholarly works.

3. Literature review leads to a vagueness of a

the researcher must cite its author. TRUE
study. 4. A good literature is out-to-date.
FALSE FALSE

5. Synthesis matrix is used to organize

important ideas found from different
literature.TRUE

01
 SELECTING AND
SYNTHESIZING
INFORMATION FROM
RELATED LITERATURE

THIN
 K ABOUT THIS
Have you imagined your body without bones?
What do you think might happen
if there is an absence of them? Do you think
you can stand firm and be able to perform all
the activities that you can do now?

WH
AT’S IN Enumerate four (4) essential
parts of Research Chapter I

Background/ Rationale Statement of the CHAPTER 1 The

of the Study Problem Problem and Its
Background
Scope and
Delimitation Significance of the Study

W H A T ’ S N E W Use these
images to guess the word we are looking
for.

Clue: The answer is a word which has six (6) letters and
begins with the letter “S.”
 WHAT IS
IT

REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
A review of related literature (RRL) is a systematic,
explicit, reproducible method for identifying,
evaluating and synthesizing the existing body of
completed and recorded work produced by
researchers, scholars, and practitioners (Fink,
2014). Simply stated, a review of related literature
refers to scholarly writings and compiled
literatures of well known authors and gurus about
the discipline under study.
 THE IMPORTANCE OF REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE

It provides foundation of knowledge on topic

It identifies areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication and give credit to

other researchers.

It identifies inconsistencies: gaps in research, conflicts in previous studies, open

questions left from other research

It identifies need for additional research.

It identifies the relationship of works in context of its contribution to the topic and
to other works.

It places your own research within the context of existing literature making a case
for why further study is needed.
 (cupstate.libguides.com,
2020)

SELECTING THE LITERATURE FOR

A STUDY
In selecting the literature for a study, the following questions should be considered:

1. Can this literature help me clearly present the delimitation of

my study?
2. Can this literature give me insights to present properly
essential variables of my study?
3. Is this literature up-to-date?
4. Does this literature provide perceptive and accurate results
and conclusions?
5. Does this literature present contrasting ideas which can be
 used in identifying research gaps?

Steps in Writing the Review of Related

Literature

1. Identify and narrow down a particular topic to be guided on what

literature to find and read.
2. Research and read on important literatures. Make use of books and
journal articles as sources of literature. Internet sources such as
Google Scholar and online journals are also good sources of
literature.
 3. Take down important notes or annotations. As a rule, always
rephrase or paraphrase to prevent plagiarism. Direct quotations
can be used for important lines.
Annotation. This tool uses words, phrases, and sentences which serve as written remarks
of the researcher reflecting his/her understanding and questions regarding the scholarly

work.

Steps in Writing the Review of Related

Literature

4. Once the literature sources are completed, start making a draft of the written
review of literature by connecting or synthesizing different literature materials.
There must be connectivity among the topics. Take note also, that topics in the
RRL are organized according to the variables and indicators of your independent
and dependent variables
5. Always cite or acknowledge the source of literature. All authors name must be
reflected in the references or bibliography.
6. Create conceptual schema. The researcher may utilize a literature review
synthesis matrix to better see how the gathered data from literature review will be
presented in the study. As cited from Ashford University (2020), synthesis matrix
refers to a table used for organizing important ideas found in the literature. This
matrix further allows the researcher to see overlapping ideas among the authors.
7. Begin writing the literature review.

EXAMPL
E OF SYNTHESIS MATRIX
 Title &
Author

Title &
Author

Title &
Author

Example of
literature
review
presented in a
research manuscript entitled, Emojiology: A Study of Functions of Emojis in the
Virtual Community (Tabernero, 2020):
The Frequently Used Type of Emoji in Computer Mediated Communication The widespread use of
emojis as a form of supplement in messages across computer mediated communication has been
highly observed. These icons are almost always present in different social media platforms since
easy access to them has been made possible by smartphone devices. Hence, social media users
can easily use them during their online communication. With this, many scholars have become
 interested of determining what specific type of emoji dominates the virtual world.
Based on the study of Suresh (n.d.) entitled “The Influence of Emojis on Communication Using
Social Media: A Quantitative Study among College Students of Myusuru,” it revealed that the tears of
joy-type of emoji is the frequently utilized icon among the respondents with the percentage of 43.5%.
This is followed by emoji thumbs up sign which is used by 12% of the respondents. It is also observed
that very a smaller number of respondents uses the sad smiley.
Similarly, in terms of a specific social media platform – Twitter, it was also found that the tears
of joy-type of emoji is the frequently utilized one. This is in accordance with the study of Ljubešic &
Fišer (2016) entitled “A Global Analysis of Emoji Usage.” Here, they revealed that the “face with tears
of joy” emoji is the most used emoji on Twitter since December 2015. Based on the frequency
distribution of emoji used from each country, 6.7% was accounted to “face with tears of joy,” 3.72% to
“smiling face with heart-shaped eyes,” 2.1% to “smiling face with smiling eyes,” and another 2.1% to

02
“face throwing a kiss.”

CITATION OF
REFERENCES
Citing a literature means making a reference to any literature used in
research. There are two ways of citing literature reference: attribution
and citation.
Attribution which is also known as “indirect citation,” is recognizing
and acknowledging literature as sources of original ideas. It can be
done by rephrasing or paraphrasing an idea coming from an original
author.
Citation, on the other hand, is a form of directly making use of the
original idea of the author. Direct quotations of words and sentences
are borrowed using open and close quotation marks. It should be
noted that a good research is good combination of attribution and
citation with advance research is expected to have more attribution

than citation (Amorado & Talili, 2017).

There are several referencing styles depending on the field of

discipline. Citation styles also depend on the disciplinal
associations, which determines the required format for attribution
and citation. Among these are:
ASA (American Sociological Association) in the field of sociology;
APA (American Psychological Association) which is the most
commonly used format in psychology, business, criminology,
economics, education and other fields of social science;
AMA (American Medical Association) for medicine

IN-TEXT CITATION
In-text citation is a short acknowledgement you
include whenever you quote or take information from a
source in academic writing. It points the reader to the
source so they can see where you got your information.

It most commonly takes the form of short parenthetical

statements indicating the author and publication year
of the source, as well as the page number if
relevant.In-text It corresponds to a full reference entry
at the end of your paper.

https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/in-text-citation/
SAMPLE OF IN-TEXT CITATION
 https://libguides.jcu.edu.au/apa/in-text

REFERENCING
Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper.
It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate
and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper.
Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your
reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be
cited in your text.
Your references should begin on a new page separate from
the text of the essay; label this page "References" in bold,
centered at the top of the page (do NOT underline or use
quotation marks for the title). All text should be double-
spaced just like the rest of your essay.

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/
apa_ formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_basic_rules.html
 Q
uestions?
WHAT’S MORE Answer the following
questions.
 ● What can be a source for a literature review?

● What is a synthesis matrix?

● How do you commonly write in-text citation?

● What question can you ask yourself that will help you select your related
literature>

WHAT I After engaging with the lesson, I have

HAVE learned that the roles of
literature review in the conduct of a
research study are…
LEARNED
 ASYNCHRO
NOUS ACTIVITY

Select relevant literature from either an academic printed

reference or an academic online source which can be used for
your study. Use the literature review synthesis matrix to
present important data. Copy the table and supply the
corresponding/needed information. Then, write the
information you had recorded in your matrix in paragraph
form.

Thank
You!