❖ UNIT 01. INTRODUCTION AND SYNTAX OF PYTHON PROGRAM.

➢ Features of Python
Definition of Python:
• Python is a high-level, easy-to-learn programming language that supports multiple
programming styles, such as object-oriented, structured, and functional
programming.

Features of Python
1. Interactive

• Python supports interactive mode, allowing you to test and debug code in real-
time.

• You can execute a single line of code using the Python shell or IDLE.

Example:

>>> print("Hello MSBTE!")

Hello MSBTE!

Real-Life Use: Interactive mode helps while testing a small function in programs.

2. Object-Oriented

• Python supports the object-oriented programming paradigm (OOP), which

focuses on objects.

• OOP concepts include classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Example:

class Student:

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

s = Student("Rahul")

print(s.name)

Output: Rahul

Real-Life Use:
Object-oriented features are used in game development and banking systems.

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 ❖ UNIT 01. INTRODUCTION AND SYNTAX OF PYTHON PROGRAM.

3. Interpreted

• Python code is executed line by line by the Python interpreter, making debugging
easier.

• It doesn’t need compilation like Java or C++.

Example:

x = 10

print(x * 5)

Executes directly without compiling.

Real-Life Use:
Interpreted nature is useful for quick scripting tasks.

4. Platform Independent

• Python programs can run on different operating systems (Windows, macOS,

Linux) without modification.

• The Python interpreter handles compatibility.

Example:
Writing the same Python code on Windows and running it on Linux without changes.

print("This works on all OS!")

Real-Life Use:
Used in web development and data analysis across various platforms.

Diagram

Fig (a). Python Features

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Advantages of Python

1. Easy to debug due to its interpreted nature.

2. Flexible across platforms (write once, run anywhere).

3. Efficient for real-world tasks like machine learning and web apps.

4. Reusable and scalable, thanks to object-oriented concepts.

Disadvantages of Python

1. Slower than compiled languages like C.

2. Requires the Python interpreter to execute.

3. Not suitable for applications demanding low-level hardware access.

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 ❖ UNIT 01. INTRODUCTION AND SYNTAX OF PYTHON PROGRAM.

➢ Python Building Blocks

Definition of Python Building Blocks:

• Python programs are built using basic elements like identifiers, keywords,
indentation, variables, and comments. These elements define the structure and
readability of Python code.

1. Identifiers

• Definition:
Identifiers are the names used for variables, functions, and other programming
elements.

• Rules:

1. Must begin with a letter (A-Z, a-z) or an underscore _.

2. Cannot use spaces or special characters (e.g., @, $, %).

3. Case-sensitive (age and Age are different).

• Example:

name = "Rahul" # Valid

_id = 101 # Valid

2value = 50 # Invalid: Cannot start with a number

2. Keywords

• Definition:
Keywords are reserved words in Python that have predefined meanings and cannot
be used as identifiers.

• Examples: if, else, while, def, return, etc.

• Real-Life Use: Keywords define control flow or code behaviour.

• List of Some Python Keywords:

False, True, None, break, continue, class, try, except.
• Code Example:

if True:

print("MSBTE rocks!") # 'if' is a keyword

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3. Indentation

• Definition:
Python uses indentation (spaces or tabs) to define the block of code, replacing {} or
other markers.

• Rules:

1. Indentation should be consistent within a block.

2. A colon (:) signifies the start of an indented block.

• Example:

if True:

print("This is indented!") # Correct

print("This is outside!") # Unindented

• Common Error:
IndentationError occurs if it's inconsistent.
Example: IndentationError: unexpected indent.

4. Variables

• Definition:
Variables are containers to store data. In Python, variables are created when a value
is assigned.

• Rules:

1. Must follow the identifier rules.

2. Can change values during program execution.

• Example:

age = 25

age = age + 1 # Variable updated

print(age) # Output: 26

• Real-Life Use:
Used to store user inputs or program data.

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5. Comments

• Definition:
Comments are lines that start with # and are ignored by the Python interpreter.

o Single-line comment: Starts with #.

o Multi-line comment: Written using triple quotes (''' or """).

• Code Example:

# This is a single-line comment

'''This is a

multi-line comment'''

print("Hello MSBTE!")

• Real-Life Use:
Helps to explain the logic or mark TODOs in large programs.

Advantages of Python Building Blocks

1. Simplifies the code structure for better readability.

2. Reduces errors with clear indentation rules.

3. Built-in keywords help write clearer logic.

4. Comments make the code easy to maintain and understand.

Disadvantages

1. Overuse of comments may clutter the code.

2. Strict indentation can lead to errors if not used consistently.

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➢ Python Environment Setup - Installation & Working of IDE

(Note : Ha topic warti question aata parayant paper la aala nhi just baghun ja safe side because after all aaplyala aaple
nashib mahit aahe )

Definition of Python Environment Setup

• Python environment setup includes the process of installing Python on your system
and using an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) to write, execute, and
debug Python programs easily.

1. Installation of Python

Follow these steps to install Python:

Step 1: Download Python

• Visit the official Python website: python.org.

• Click on the Download button and choose the appropriate version for your operating
system (Windows, macOS, or Linux).

Step 2: Install Python

• Run the downloaded installer.

• Select the option "Add Python to PATH" (important for command-line usage).

• Click Install Now and wait for the installation to complete.

Step 3: Verify Installation

• Open the command prompt/terminal.

• Type python --version or python3 --version.

• If Python is installed, it will display the installed version, e.g., Python 3.10.2.

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2. Working of IDE

What is an IDE?

• An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is software that provides tools for

writing, editing, and debugging code. It simplifies Python programming with
features like syntax highlighting and error checking.

Popular Python IDEs

1. IDLE (comes with Python).

2. PyCharm – Popular for Python programming.

3. Visual Studio Code – Lightweight and extensible.

4. Jupyter Notebook – Best for data science and research.

Diagram

A diagram showing the process:

• Installation:
Python Download ➔ Add to PATH ➔ Verification via python --version.

• IDE Usage:
Write Code ➔ Save File ➔ Execute Code ➔ View Output.

Advantages of Using IDEs

1. Code Completion: Saves time with intelligent suggestions.

2. Debugging Tools: Identifies errors quickly.

3. Code Organization: Projects are managed efficiently.

4. User-Friendly: Easier to use than command-line interfaces.

Disadvantages

1. Heavy Software: Some IDEs (e.g., PyCharm) require high system resources.

2. Dependency on Features: May reduce the ability to work with simple editors like
Notepad.

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➢ Running a Simple Python Script to Display "Welcome" Message

1. What is a Python Script?

• A Python script is a file containing Python code that can be executed by the Python
interpreter.

• Scripts typically have the .py extension and are used to automate tasks or create
programs.

2. Steps to Write and Run a Python Script

Step 1: Open a Text Editor or IDE

• You can use any text editor (e.g., Notepad, Visual Studio Code, or PyCharm) or the
built-in IDLE.

Step 2: Write the Code

• Enter the Python code in the editor:

print("Welcome")

Step 3: Save the Script

• Save the file with the extension .py, e.g., welcome.py.

Step 4: Run the Script

1. Using IDLE:

o Press F5 in IDLE or click Run > Run Module.

o Output:

Welcome

2. Using Command Prompt/Terminal:

o Navigate to the script's directory using the cd command.

o Run the script with the following command:

python welcome.py

o Output:

Welcome

Step 5: Verify the Output

• The message "Welcome" will be displayed on the screen.

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 ❖ UNIT 01. INTRODUCTION AND SYNTAX OF PYTHON PROGRAM.

Code Example

# Python script to display a welcome message

print("Welcome")

Diagram

Illustration of the process:

Write Code (editor) ➔ Save as .py file ➔ Run Script (Terminal/IDE) ➔ View Output

Real-Life Uses of Python Scripts

1. Automating simple tasks, e.g., printing messages.

2. Creating introductory programs for beginners.

Advantages of Running Python Scripts

1. Easy Execution: Requires only Python installation.

2. Cross-Platform Compatibility: Run the script on any operating system.

3. Debugging Friendly: Easy to debug small scripts.

Disadvantages

1. Might be difficult for beginners without prior setup knowledge.

2. Requires Python to be installed on the system.

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 ❖ UNIT 01. INTRODUCTION AND SYNTAX OF PYTHON PROGRAM.

➢ Python Data Types

1. What are Data Types?

• Definition: Data types define the type of data a variable can store in Python.

• Python provides built-in data types to work with different kinds of data.

2. Common Python Data Types

A. Numbers

• Definition: Used to store numeric values.

• Types:

1. Integer: Whole numbers, e.g., 10, -5.

2. Float: Decimal numbers, e.g., 3.14, -7.5.

3. Complex: Numbers with real and imaginary parts, e.g., 3+5j.

• Example:

x = 10 # Integer

y = 3.14 # Float

z = 2 + 3j # Complex

print(x, y, z)

B. String

• Definition: A collection of characters enclosed in single (' ') or double (" ") quotes.

• Characteristics:

o Immutable (cannot change the value once created).

o Used for text processing.

• Example:

print(name)

print(name[0]) # Accessing the first character

print(name[0:3]) # Slicing

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C. Tuples

• Definition: Ordered and immutable collection of items.

• Features:

o Elements are enclosed in parentheses ( ).

o Useful for fixed collections of items.

• Example:

fruits = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

print(fruits[0]) # Access the first element

D. Lists

• Definition: Ordered and mutable collection of items.

• Features:

o Enclosed in square brackets [ ].

o Allows duplicate elements.

• Example:

colors = ["red", "blue", "green"]

colors[1] = "yellow" # Changing value

print(colors)

E. Dictionary

• Definition: Unordered collection of key-value pairs.

• Features:

o Keys must be unique, values can be duplicate.

o Enclosed in curly braces { }.

• Example:

student = {"name": "John", "age": 20, "grade": "A"}

print(student["name"]) # Accessing value by key

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Diagram

A chart showing each datatype with examples:

Advantages of Knowing Datatypes

1. Helps store and manipulate data efficiently.

2. Reduces errors by restricting invalid operations.

3. Facilitates advanced features like indexing and slicing.

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 ❖ UNIT 01. INTRODUCTION AND SYNTAX OF PYTHON PROGRAM.

➢ Declaration and Use of Data Types

1. Understanding Data Type Declaration in Python

• Dynamic Typing: Python is a dynamically typed language, which means you don’t need to
declare the data type explicitly. The interpreter automatically determines the type of the
variable when you assign a value.

• Syntax:

variable_name = value

• Example:

x = 10 # Integer

y = 3.14 # Float

name = "Python" # String

2. Common Data Types in Python

A. Numbers

B. String

C. Lists

D. Tuple

E. Dictionary

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 ❖ UNIT 01. INTRODUCTION AND SYNTAX OF PYTHON PROGRAM.

3. Key Points on Declaration

1. No explicit declaration:

a = 10 # Python knows `a` is an integer.

b = "text" # Python identifies `b` as a string.

2. Reassignment: Variable types can be reassigned dynamically.

x = 10 # Integer

x = "Python" # Now a String

4. Advantages of Python's Data Type Declaration

1. Simplicity: No need for explicit data type declaration.

2. Flexibility: Variables can store different data types at runtime.

3. Time-Saving: Reduces effort in writing type definitions.

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❖ Summer 2022

1. How to give single and multiline comment in python. (2marks)

2. List Data types used in python. Explain any two with example. (4marks)

❖ Winter 2022

1. List Python features. (Any four). (2marks)

2. Describe indentation in Python. (2marks)

3. Write different data types in python with suitable example. (6marks)

❖ Summer 2023

1. List features of Python. (2marks)

2. Describe Multiline comment in python. (2marks)

❖ Winter 2023

1. Enlist applications for python programming. (2marks)

2. Describe the Role of indentation in python. (2marks)

3. Explain building blocks of python. (6marks)

❖ Summer 2024

1. What is dictionary? (2marks)

2. Explain with example: i) Indentation ii) Variables (4marks)

3. List data types used in python. Explain any two with example. (4marks)

❖ Winter 2024

1. List features of Python. (2marks)

2. State how to perform comments in Python. (2marks)

3. Determine various data types available in Python with example. (6marks)

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