Republic of the Philippines

BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY

MAIN CAMPUS
CPG AVENUE, TAGBILARAN CITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

VISION: A premier Science and Technology university for the formation of a world-class and virtuous human resource for
sustainable development in Bohol and the country
MISSION: Committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in professional and technological
fields; undertake research and development and extension services for sustainable development of Bohol and the
country

AUTOMATED TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT

GREENHOUSE

CONTROL ENGINEERING

MEMBERS:

BADAYOS, ALDRIN
BENEDECTO, NED RYAN
DELA CRUZ, DAVID
DELFIN HANCEL HENLEY AMMAR
GAMELO, KARLOS GABRIEL
DECENILLA, JAMES

DECEMBER 2024
 INTRODUCTION

Control engineering is a fundamental discipline that underpins many modern

technological advancements. It is the science of designing systems that automatically

regulate and optimize processes, ensuring precision, efficiency, and reliability. In

agriculture, control engineering is increasingly significant, enabling the development of

smart systems that improve crop growth, reduce resource waste, and enhance

sustainability.

This automated greenhouse system harnesses the principles of control engineering

to provide a stable and ideal environment for plants. The system is equipped with

advanced sensors to continuously monitor key environmental parameters such as

temperature and light intensity. When the internal temperature rises above a predefined

threshold, the system automatically activates a fan or blower, ensuring proper ventilation

and cooling to prevent heat stress on plants. Likewise, when natural sunlight diminishes

during nighttime or cloudy conditions, an artificial lighting system seamlessly switches on

to simulate sunlight, supporting photosynthesis and healthy plant growth.

This integration of automation minimizes the need for manual adjustments, allowing

for precise and real-time responses to environmental changes. By maintaining consistent

and optimal conditions, the system not only enhances plant productivity but also

improves energy efficiency and reduces labor costs.

 The application of control engineering in this greenhouse system highlights its

transformative potential in modern agriculture. It ensures that plants thrive in a controlled

environment, regardless of external weather conditions, contributing to higher yields and

more sustainable farming practices. As agriculture faces growing challenges, such as

climate change and increasing food demand, innovations like this automated greenhouse

system demonstrate how technology can provide effective and scalable solutions.
 MATERIALS AND APPARATUS

Arduino UNO

a microcontroller board with a removable ATmega328 AVR microcontroller; has 20

digital I/O pins, 6 of which can be used for PWM outputs and another 6 for analog inputs;

allows easy program loading through the Arduino IDE interface

Jumper wires

use for easy and convenient interconnection of components in a breadboard or

prototype/test circuit, or for connecting with other equipment or components without the

need for soldering

Load cell

is an electro-mechanical sensor used to measure force or weight. It uses a simple

yet effective design, which relies on the well-known relationship between an applied force,

material deformation, and the flow of electricity.

SERVO MOTOR

a closed-loop servomechanism that uses position feedback (either linear or rotational

position) to control its motion and final position. The input to its control is a signal (either

analog or digital) representing the desired position of the output shaft.

 Resistors

is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current

in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a specific voltage for an active

device such as a transistor.

EXHAUST FAN

exhaust fan is a mechanical device designed to remove stale, hot, or humid air from

an enclosed space and replace it with fresh air, improving ventilation and maintaining a

comfortable or controlled environment.

 HUMIDITY SENSOR

also known as a hygrometer, is a device that measures and monitors the

amount of moisture (humidity) in the air. It provides data to maintain desired humidity

levels in various environments, such as greenhouses, homes, and industrial settings.

LCD SCREEN

An LCD screen (Liquid Crystal Display) is a flat-panel display technology that uses

liquid crystals and a backlight to produce images. It is commonly used in devices like

monitors, televisions, and digital displays to present text, graphics, or video with low power

consumption and high visual clarity.

LIGHT SENSOR

A light sensor is a device that detects and measures the intensity of light in its

environment. It is commonly used in applications such as adjusting screen brightness,

controlling lighting systems, and optimizing energy usage in automated systems like

greenhouses or smart devices.

CODE USED

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <DHT.h>

#define DHTPIN 2
#define DHTTYPE DHT11

#define FANRELAYPIN 3
#define LIGHTRELAYPIN 4

#define LDRPIN A0

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
dht.begin();
pinMode(FANRELAYPIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LIGHTRELAYPIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(FANRELAYPIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(LIGHTRELAYPIN, LOW);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.backlight();
lcd.print("System Ready");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
}

void loop() {
float humidity = dht.readHumidity();
float temperature = dht.readTemperature();
int lightLevel = analogRead(LDRPIN);

if (isnan(humidity) || isnan(temperature)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Sensor Error!");
delay(2000);
return;
}

String lightStatus = (lightLevel < 300) ? "Night" : "Day ";

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Temp: ");
lcd.print(temperature);
lcd.print("C");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("H: ");
 lcd.print(humidity);
lcd.print("% ");
lcd.print(lightStatus);

Serial.print("Temp: ");
Serial.print(temperature);
Serial.print("%, Humidity: ");
Serial.print(humidity);
Serial.print("%, Light: ");
Serial.println(lightStatus);

if (temperature > 32.0) {

digitalWrite(FANRELAYPIN, HIGH);
Serial.println("Fan is ON (Temperature > 32°C).");
} else {
digitalWrite(FANRELAYPIN, LOW);
Serial.println("Fan is OFF.");
}

if (lightLevel < 300) {

digitalWrite(LIGHTRELAYPIN, HIGH);
Serial.println("Light is ON (Dark).");
} else {
digitalWrite(LIGHTRELAYPIN, LOW);
Serial.println("Light is OFF (Bright).");
}

delay(2000);
}}
PROCESS OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM

+--------------------------+
| User Input (Serial Monitor) |
+--------------------------+
|
v
+---------------------------+
| Arduino Microcontroller |
+---------------------------+
|
v
+---------------------------+
| Convert temp to Dispense Time |
+---------------------------+
|
v
+--------------------------------+
| Check if Container is Present |
| (Load Cell Detection) |
+--------------------------------+
|
Container Detected
|
v
+-----------------------------+
| Activate Servo for Fan rotation|
+-----------------------------+
|
v
+------------------------+
| Dispense temperature |
+------------------------+
|
v
+-------------------------+
| Stop Servo After Time Elapsed |
+-------------------------+
|
v
+-----------------------+
| Output: Dispensing Complete |
+-----------------------+
PROJECT DESIGN IN SYSTEM
DOCUMENTATION
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

In this project, we developed an automated greenhouse system to regulate temperature and

light conditions using control engineering principles. The system integrates sensors, an
Arduino microcontroller, an exhaust fan, and an artificial lighting setup to maintain an optimal
environment for plant growth.

The primary goal of the system is to ensure that when the greenhouse temperature exceeds
a predefined threshold, the exhaust fan automatically activates to expel hot air and maintain
a stable temperature. Additionally, as natural sunlight diminishes during the night, an
artificial lighting system automatically turns on to simulate sunlight, enabling uninterrupted
photosynthesis. These automated responses are made possible through continuous
monitoring by temperature and light sensors, which provide real-time data to the Arduino
controller.

To optimize the system's functionality, we focused on designing clear logic for environmental
control. The sensors detect the conditions, the Arduino processes this data, and the
connected devices (fan and lighting) operate accordingly

This project demonstrates the versatility and practicality of microcontroller-based

automation in real-world applications. By skillfully combining environmental monitoring,
user-defined thresholds, and automated actuation, the system achieves the intended goal
of maintaining ideal greenhouse conditions efficiently and reliably. This innovation highlights
how technology can enhance agricultural practices and contribute to sustainable food
production.